高中英语语法填空方法与技巧 12页

【语法填空考点】纯空格题：考查冠词、代词、介词和连词等四类词。有提示题：谓语动词的时态和语态（主谓一致）表具体情况：todo非谓语动词作主语/宾语表习惯/一般情况：doing作目的/结果/形容词后的状语:todo与逻辑主语呈主动关系或动作正在进行：doing作定语/状语/补语：与逻辑主语是被动关系或动作已完成：done表动作未发生：todo形容词和副词及其对应的比较级、最高级和词类转换（词性转换、加否定或反义的前/后缀）等。【语法填空七字诀】“全”：看完整句；“位”：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用（词性为主）;“考”：知道考什么；“形冬知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和主写等）;“断冬对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）;“删”：对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。“查”：填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。考点1.动词的时态和语态(1).Thesunwassettingdownwhenmycar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage・(2).Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften(result)inthecontrarytoourintention・(3).ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(4).I(impress)byitsgarden-likecampus,itsenthusiasticstudentsandespeciallyitslearningatmosphere.(5).Theydidn"ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusually(follow)orders・【小结】 动词的时态、语态是每年的考点，重点考查的是时态,且多与语态一起考查。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的，把握命题人的意图至关重要。【解题思路】1).先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,2).谓语动词的话，判断用主动语态还是被动语态,3)・判断用哪种时态(根据时间状语、另一动词或具体的语境、)。4).确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致。5).特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写。考点2・非谓语动词(1).MissBeanexpectedmetohavemyownopinionaboutdifficultquestionsandtaughtmethat(think)foroneselfwastherealkeytosuccessinlearning.(2).WithFather^Dayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank(buy)presentsformydad.(3).(approach)thecitycenter，wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.(4).Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise，if(carry)outregularly^canimproveourhealth.(5).(seat)inyourhome,yourarecapableoffindingalotofsources.(6).Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely(succeed).(7).Withtheproblem(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.(8).Mypupils,Donnie(include),adoredher.(9).Therefore^goodlearninghabitscanhelpusgaingreatlearningresults(include)highscoresandabundantknowledge.(10).Thelastone(arrive)paysthemeaL(11).Before(come)intothehouseinJapan,itisgoodmannertotakeoffyourcoat.(12)eOnce(ask)，everyoneneedstoco-operatewithouthesitation*(13).Fromhisbaghetookoutabowlof(boil)riceandstartedtoeat.(14).ThenIwenttoapostofficetohavethem(deliver)byairwithoutdelay.(15).Insidethebuilding,thestudentssawnothingbutbrokenwallsanddoorsandpiecesofthe building22(lie)allovertheplace.【小结】非谓语动词每年必考，主要考查:1).动名词和不等式做宾语的区别；2).非谓语动词做宾补的区别；3).非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。考点3・形容词、副词(1)>Thenhestartedspendingmoneyon37(necessary)things*Whenwegottogetherforamealatarestaurant,Alpaideverytime.(2).Itworked40.(well)thanIhadeverimagined^andbeforelongshekneweverykid"sname，andtheywereallplayingtag—akindofgame!(3).Theysaidtheirfindingwasmuchmore36(color)thanitshouldhavebeen.⑷.Iamnotatallusedtothiscoldweather.31IamgladtosaythatIhavealltheclothesforthis32(freeze)weather(5).TheOldLibrarytodaycontainsabout13,000manuscriptsandmorethan800,000books，andmanyofthemarevery(value).(6).Onlyinthiswaywillyouknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyourtime9.(proper).(7)Mostofthe(Africa)arestilllivinginpoverty.(2)>China，s(develop)ofeconomyneedsmorecarefulplanning.(3).Canyoutellmethe(long)oftheGreatWall?(4).Fmverythankfulforyour(help)me.(5).Goingoutforapart・timejobcan(rich)one"ssocialexperience.(6)Previousresearchhasindicatedthat“numbersense”is(base)tohumans.(18)e(lazy),lying,stealingandsoonarealleasilyformedbadhabits.(19).Everyonegets(frustrate)sometimes.(20).Hewasvery(sleep)andwantedtosleep. 【小结】派生词要求考生分析句子成分和结构，判断空格考查的词类，再结合上下文和构词法填上适当的词形；解题时注意词的前后缀，特别是否定前缀。考点5.名词、数词(!)•Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir31(appear)intheChinesecalendar*【小结】要注意语境中词性的判断、词的转换、序号和倍数的表示法。广东考题常给出提示词要求用它的正确形式填空【解题思路】1.判断是否填名词；（一般在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格和一些不定代词后面）；2.注意名词的活用和具体的考查方式；a）考名词的书写方式b）单复数变化;c）是不可数名词具体化（不可数名词在特定的情况下可转化成可数名词）；d）名词修饰名词等。考点6.冠词(1).Therewasonce31beautifulgirlwhohatedherselfbecauseshewasblind.(2).Poemshave38closerelationshipwithourlanguages*(3).Thisproverbjustmeansthatthereisnothinglike31urgentneedforsettingpeopletoworktofindawayofmeetingiL(4)eAcoupleofmonthslater,onDecember10,38anniversaryofAlfredNobeFsdeath,theyreceivetheirprizesfromtheSwedishKingaNobeldiploma,amedal,and10millionSwedishcrownsperprize.(5).ThemountofApollosignifies35goodsenseofbeauty;oftheMoon，adreamydisposition*(6).Afewminuteslater,heranbacktohismotherandsaidJTcan"tfind39desk."(7)eLet"sgotocinema—that^lltakeyourmindofftheproblemforawhile.(8)eHewantstoseeamuchstrongerChinawithinrestofhislife. 【小结】冠词是高考的常考点。若空格后面的名词或形容词+名词前没有物主代词his/her/my等、不定代some/any/other/another等、名词所有格、指示代词this/that/these/those等限定词时，很可能填冠词。【解题思路】1)・如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种、杯……)”时，一般填a/an・如果可翻译成“这、这些、那、那些”时，一般填the.2）・泛指填aan,特指填the.3）.如果名词后面有:of短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the. [a/an/the用法顺口溜】特指双熟悉,世上独无二,普转专有名,上文已提及;序数最高级;习语及乐器。考点7.代词(1).Somepeopleareverytalented,buttheyjustpaylittleattentiontotheirstudiesorwork.Beinglazy,33talentsarewasted.(2).Eachagehas31pleasuresandpains，andthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.(3).Afewyearsago,myfriendAlwonthelottery(彩票)・Itchanged31life.(4)・Itoldherthebestwaytomakefriendswastointroduce33.whenshemetsomeonenew.(5).Hehopesthat40ideaoffilling“homeness”intonursinghomesandinvitingthecommunityinwillhelpto"breakconventionalpracticeinlongtermcare•”(6)eToday,mostpeoplenolongertakepalmistryseriously;31areinterestedinitasaformofentertainment(7)・Ifyoustillhave40questions,pleasecometomyoffice•(8)Andthosewhofinddifficulttoaddupthenumbershouldn"tfeeltoohopeless.【小结】广东高考连续四年皆占2题。常考点：(1).不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing,someone,somebody,anybody等的用法。(2)・替代词it,that,those9one/ones的用法。⑶・it的特殊用法。(1).指示代词this,that,these,those,such等的用法。(2).人称代词格的变化。(3).物主代词、反身代词及疑问代词的用法。 【解题思路】⑴代词代的是人还是物。⑵代词代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。（3）.代词代的是特指还是泛指。（4）.代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。（5）.代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念。（6）.修饰名词的不定代词（another,theother?many，much,either,neither，both，any，all，each等）考点&介词(1).Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeaguestintheirhouse.(2).JaneAdamswasalsoactiveinfightingtheuseofchildlaborandwan(3)・■“•theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.(4)eHewasverytireddoingthisforawholeday.(5).Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantroleourlife>(6).••.morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisHedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyadvancedstudy.(7).ItwasinthisveryroomthatIgavebirthLindaseventeenyearsago.(8)eInthosedays,wehadnophones,sowehavetokeepintouchwritingoften.(9).Inshort,IbelievethatitisgreatusetokeepadairyinEnglish.(10).Themanhadtocircletheairportseveraltimestobecomefamiliarthecontroloftheplane.【小结】广东高考连续四年皆有，前三年占2题，2010,2011年各一题。【考点】1・介词与动词、名词、形容词的习惯搭配。2.常用介词的用法。【解题思路】1.可以作宾语(介宾或动宾)的结构(名词、代词、动名词、从句) 1.若空格后是上面提到的结构且不在句中作主语，又不在动词后面作宾语，那么这个空格就很可能用介词。2.习惯搭配就靠大家多记、多积累。 考点9・连词一（从句）考查定语从句、状语从句（由when/while/if/though/because/since等引导）、名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）【解题思路】若两个句子（含有两个主谓结构）之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格要填上连词，否则，句子的结构不完整。一、（定语从句）（1）.Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersawaytherewasagarage•（2）.Mypillsareinthebedroom,Ialwayskeepthem.（3）.Thesoldier，waswatchingthepassengerscomingin,quicklytookthenoticeofftheseatbesidehis…（4）.Atlasttheytriedtofillintheplanewithcarbon-dioxide^poisonedalltheeightyratsbythepoisonousgas.【考点】关系代词和关系副词的选用、非限定性定语从句。【热点】由whose,where,when,that,as和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。【注意】1.when引导的定语从句2.where引导的定语从句和状语从句、表语从句的区别3.which引导非限定性定语从句和并列句的区别4.as和which的区别：such...as和thesame...as,asisknowntoall的用法。5.分隔式定语从句的识别6.只能用that或不用that的情况7.同位语从句和定语从句的区别8・定语从句的主谓一致二、(状语从句)(1).Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisawholeday,hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher. (1).HethereforeaskedtheconductortowakehimupthetraincametoDijon.三、(名词性从句)(1).•“Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse・(2).Oneday,hecameupwithanideahewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches*(3).In1931，JaneAdamswasawardedtheNobelPrizeforshehaddoneforsociety.IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.(4).Ifyouwanttoknowtogetridofhiccups，herearesome"cures”.(1).Asthefinancialcrisisworsens,hisfatherisworriedabouthewouldlosehiswork.(2)>ButdorfttakeanynoticeofIsay.考点10.连词二（其他）.特殊句式（简单句、并列句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、倒装句、反义疑问句和therebe句式的用(!)•Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravelingisinarrivingatyourdestinationinthejourneyitself：(2).Ithoughtwe"dbelatefortheconcert,weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.(3).Theartistwasbornpoor,poorheremainedallhislife.(4).Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneymenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.(5).Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginningtofaiL(6).Standoverthereyou"llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.(7).Itwasnotuntilmidnighttheyreachedthecampsite.(8).Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild.oftengetsspecialtreatment(9)>IsoonfoundthatthekeyVernongavemecouldnotunlockeitherthefrontdoorthebackdoor.(10)>Cynthina"sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercareshowmuchhepays.(11).Afteryoucomeintotheroomyouwon"tsitdownthehostasksyouto> (2).SomeofyoumayhavefinishedUnitone.If,youcangoontoUnittwo.(3).isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous*(4).ItraveledtotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,anddomanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjim(5).SocarelesswasIIhadforgottenallaboutthat【考点】(1).强调句(2).倒装句(3).并列句(4).祈使句(5).省略句【注意】句子的结构、主谓一致、时态、语态。【解题思路】表示并列：and,or(否则，或者)表示因果：so,for,therefore,thus等表示转折：but,though/although,however,yet,while(然而)等表示时间：before,after,until/till等