高中英语语法讲解与练习之动名词与现在分词 5页

动名词与现在分词的区别三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态、被动语态、一般式writing、beingwritten、完成工弋havingwritten、havingbeenwritten其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：Iha"talkingwi（hsuchpeople.我讨厌与这样的人说话。2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：Idorftrememberhavingmethimbefore.3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。（1）它的一般式表示，如:Idon"tlikebeinglaughedatinpublic.在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。（2）它的完成式表示。女口:Iamverypleasedatyourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal.我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excusemeforbeinglate.我來晚了请你原谅。Idon"trememberevermeetingsomewhere.我记不得原来在什么地方见过。Thankyouforgivingussomuchhelp.谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤英是在口语屮。女山Iforgetoncebeingtaken（havingbeentaken）tothecityzoo.我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义,being不对省略。如：Sheisafraidofbeingtakentothepublic.她怕被领到大众面前。四、常见题型：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:Iwouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you^recalling4）有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;itentails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feellike;finish;forgive;can"lhelp;hinder;imagine;itinvolves;keep;itmeans;mention;mind;miss;itnecessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...5）另外还有一些接・ing形式的常用说法it"snogood;it"sno/little/hardlyany/use;it"snot/hardly/scarcelyuse;it"sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;（here"sno;there"snopointin;there"snothingworsethan;what"stheuse/point...6）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可（分为三种情况，详细参见现在分词语法讲解及练习）五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加・ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为”・ing形式”。相同点：例如：Speakinginthepublic,hewillsurelybeverycheerful.（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话吋总是兴高采烈的。Shehatesspeakinginthepublic.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。区别：1、表语：动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词Z后作表语,区别方法是： ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如： Myhobbyisswimming.可改为Swimmingismyhobby.（可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换）②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置,例如：Thestoryisinteresting・不可改为interestingisthestory.2、定语：动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质.状态或动作等。试比较:①aswimmingboy和aswimmingsuit②asleepingchild和asleepingcar3.主语：动词的・ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。（1）动名词用作主语.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。（2）有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。（3）4tThereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很难说。4.宾语：动词的・ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。（1）有许多动词可接动名词作宾语Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。（2）有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语Hehasgivenupplayingfoolball.他现在不踢足球了。5.状语：当动词的・ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语Z前或Z后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）下列句子中，哪些是动名词，哪些是现在分词Smokingcancausecancer.waitingroomPriceskeeponincreasing.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.therisinggenerationIt"sawondermeetingyouhere.developingcountriesHekeptcomplaining.Themainthingisgettingthereintime.Thenewsisencouraging.swimmingpoollivingthingsTherewasnoarguingwithher.练习 26)Doyoufeellikeoutorwouldyouratherdinnerathome?A)goingoootohaveB)togo…tohaveC)Togo。。。havingD)going。。。have27)Priortotheformalspeech,firsthewillintroducehimself^A)deliveringB)deliverC)beingdeliveringD)beingdelivered28)Idon"tmindbybus,butIhateinqueuesoA)totraveloo0standingB)traveled。。。StandingC)traveling□ootostandD)travelingooostanding29)Whataboutdoublequantitiesofeverythingtoday?Wehavehardlytimetogonextweek。A)buyingoootoshopB)buy…ShoppingC)buying。。。shoppingD)tobuy…shopping30)Wehadsometroublethehouseandnobodyseemedwhereitwas。A)infindingoooknowingB)finding。。。toknowC)tofind。°。knowingD)tofind。。。toknow31)Wecan"timagineintheentranceexamination,forshehasneverbeentoschooloA)shesucceedingB)hersucceedingC)shesucceedD)hertosucceed32)Idon"tlikeatme。A)themlaughingB)theirlaughC)themlaughD)themtohavelaughed33)WesuggestedinhotelsbutthechildrenwereanxiousoutuA)sleepingoootocampB)sleepingoooCampingC)tosleep。。。tocampD)tosleep□oocamping34)Ihavenoobjectiontheeveningwiththem。A)tospendB)tospendingC)ofspendingD)spending35)Afterforthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetestoA)beinginterviewedB)interviewedC)interviewingD)interviewed36)ThematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembersamatchwithoutastandardcourtoA)objectedtoB)wereobjectedtohaveC)objectedtohaveD)wereobjectedtohaving37)JeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusyforherexaminationoA)toprepareB)tobepreparedC)preparingD)beingprepared38)ItisnogoodremembergrammaticalrulesoYouneedtopracticewhatyouhavelearnedoA)tryingtoB)totrytoC)trytoD)triedto39)Afterhimbetter,IregrettedhimunfairlyoA)gettingtoknow。。。tojudgeB)gettingtoknow。o。tohavejudgedC)gettingtohaveknow。。。judgingD)gettingtoknow。。。havingjudged40)HeislookingforwardtohisholidayinBritainyA)spendB)havespentC)spendingD)beenspending41)Beforethehouse,youshouldgetasurveyoroverit。A)buying□。。lookingB)bought。。。tolookC)buying。—tohavelookedD)buying。。。tolook42)InsomecountriespeoplefavortogethereventhoughthereismuchmorespaceoA)tostayB)stayC)stayingD)stayed43)uWhywasFredsoupset?"""Heisn"tusedcriticizedo"A)beB)tobeC)tobeingD)been44)It"snousetogetabargainthesedays。A)toexpectB)expectingC)wantingD)youexpect45)“Whywereyousolateforworktoday?totheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffico"A)DrivingB)IdroveC)TodriveD)ThatIdrove46)Itwasimpoliteofhimwithoutgood—byeoA)toleave,sayingB)leaving,tosayC)toleave,tosayD)leaving,saying47)HekepttohisparentsoA)puttingofftowriteB)toputofftowriteC)puttingoffwritingD)toputoffwriting48)FllgowithyouafterIgetthroughwiththehouseoA)cleaningB)tocleaningC)tobecleanedD)cleaned49)Withapplesat25centsapound,wecouldn"tresistfourpoundsoA)totakeB)tookC)takingD)havetaken 41)Howcanyoukeepthemachinewhenyouareaway?A)runB)torunC)runningD)beingrun工作篇Ifyoudon"tlikesomething,changeit.Ifyoucan"tchangeit,changeyourattitude.GeorgeBernardShawsays,nThereasonablemanadaptshimselftotheworld;theunreasonableonepersistsintryingtoadapttheworldtohimself.nDonotcomplain.Beingself-centeredisnohelpingettingoninthisworld.Copewithit.如果你不喜欢某件事，那么改变它。如果无法改变它，那么改变你的态度。萧伯纳说：“明白事理的人使自己适应世界；不明事理的人想使世界适应自己。”停止抱怨吧。太过自我屮心並不是在这社会出人头地的方法。