2008届高三英语精品资源-江苏省黄桥中学08届高考英语语法复习之定语从句精讲精练.doc 9页

中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！定语从句I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that与which,who,whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1．先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2．先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4．先行词既指人又指物时5．先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6．句中已经有who或which1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！时，为了避免重复时5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句　对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.定语从句专项练习一．（A）把下列各组句子合并成一句。1.Theletterisfrommyuncle.Ireceivedityesterday.2.Theteachersawwhathappened.Hewasstandingnearby.3.Thegirlisnotherenow.Shetoldmethenews.4.Thisisthetree.Hewasclimbingityesterday.5.Donotdrinkwater.Ithasnotbeenboiled.6.Thestudentisintheroom.HisnameisTom.7.Thehouseisourlibrary.Itsdoorispaintedred.8.Ialwaysrememberthedays.Wespentthemtogether.(B)单项选择定语从句的用法版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who15.Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD../(1-5ACABA6-10BCCAD11-16ABDDAD)二．(A)在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空。1.Thepencil________whichhewrotewasbroken.2.Hebuiltatelescope________whichhecouldstudytheskies.3.Thewoman,________whomIlearnedthenews,isanurse.4.Thewolf________whichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.5.Shehasthreechildren,all_______whomareatschool.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,________whichstandsourteacher.7.Myglasses,_______whichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’taperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！9.Iwassurprisedattheway________whichhetreatedtheoldman.10.Theage_______whichchildrencangotoschoolisseven.11.Hisbike________whichhewenttoworkwasstolenlastnight.12.Doyouknowthebuilding________whichisflyingaredflag?13.Oursisabeautifulschool,________whichweareproud.14.Thedesk________whichJackisleaningisJohn’s.15.Heboughtabookyesterday,theauthor________whichisateacher.(with/through/from/by/of/under/without/to/in/at/by/on/ontopof/of/against/of)(B)把下列各句子合并成一句。1.Johnisaverykind-heartedman.Youcanturntohimforhelp.2.Thebookiswrittenbythatfamouswriter.Iamveryinterestedinit.3.Tomistheboy.Iwenttothecinemawithhimtogether.4.Haveyourememberedthefactory?Weworkedinitlastyear.5.Itisthegolddiamond.Ispentallmymoneyonit.6.TheoldOlympicGamescoulddatebackto776BC.Themoderngamescomefromit.7.IhaveninefriendsinAmerica.Fourofthemworkasdoctors.8.Thewomanhasjustwonagoldmedal.Ireadaboutherinthenewspaper.9.Thehouseis7kilometersaway.Iwasborninit.10.Thisistheveryfarm.Myfatherusedtoworkonit.三．选择填空1.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there2.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which3.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which4.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat5.Thetime_____westudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.A.atwhatB.whenC.thatD.where6.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich7.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich8.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what9.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone10.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where11.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,____shewantedtobeA.whoB.thatC.whatD.which12.Therapiddevelopmentofcommunicationtechnologyistransformingthemanner____people版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！communicateacrosstimeandspaceA,inwhichB.whenC.whereD.whose13.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,____kite--flyingspreadtoJapan,KoreaandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromhereC.fromthereD.fromwhich14.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer____thepapersarekept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which(1-5CABBB6-10BBADD11-14DADB)四．改错1.Isthishospitalthattheywanttovisitnextweek?2.IsthisthemuseumtheonesomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?3.Hehastwosons,eachofthemlookslikehim.4.Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhespentwiththevillagers.5.PleasetellusaboutthepeopleandinterestingthingswhichyouhaveseeninAmerica.6.Theknifewhichsheoftenusesittocutthebreadisverysharp.7.Pleasepassmethebookthatcoverisred.8.Thesunheatstheearth,thatisveryimportant.(1.^theonethat/^thehospital2.theone3.them—whom4.when—which/that/+5.which---that6.it7.that---whose8.that---which)五、易混题1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.  ②Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.      A.whichwas        B.thatwas      C.whichwere                D.thatwere2.①Hehastwosons,_____arecollegestudents.  ②Hehastwosons,and_____arecollegestudents.      A.bothofwhich           B.bothofwhom     C.bothofthem    D.bothofit3.①Hestilllivesintheroom_____windowfacestotheeast.  ②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestotheeast.  ③Hestilllivesintheroom_____isinthenorthofthecity.  ④Hestilllivesintheroom_____thereisabeautifultable.      A.which        B.whose        C.where        D.ofwhich4.①_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.  ②_____wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe　lights.  ③_____wholeavetheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.      A.Anyone      B.Who          C.Those      D.Whoever5.①_____weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.  ②_____iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.  ③_____iswell-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.      A.Which          B.As        C.It        D.That6.①I’llneverforgetthedays_____westudiedtogether.  ②I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.      A.that          B.不填        C.when        D.AandB7.①Thisistheonlyway_____youcanfind.  ②Idon’tliketheway_____hespoketohismother.版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！      A.that    B.不填    C.inwhich    D.A,BandC      E.AandB8.①Galileocollectedthefacts__provedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.  ②Galileodiscoveredthefact_____theearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.      A.that          B.which        C.不填      D.AandB9.①Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?  ②Theteachertellsusthat_____cleanstheblackboardistobepraised.      A.that            B.theone          C.which      D.theonewho10.①Itwaseleveno’clock_____theywentoutofthecinema.    ②Itwasateleven　o’clock  _____  they　wentoutofthecinema.        A.which          B.that        C.when        D.onwhich(1.DB2.BC3.BDAC4/DAC5.BCB6.CD7.ED8.DA9.BD10.CB)二、定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力，现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：　　一、疑问句中考查定语从句　　1.Isthisthefarm________youvisitedlastweek?　　A.whereB.theoneC.onwhichD./　　【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。　　二、倒装句中考查定语从句　　2.Wecametoaplace,________stoodabigtower.　　A.whichB.thatC./D.where　　【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。　　三、拆分词组和固定搭配　　3.Thesecondisconnectedwiththeuse________thebodymakesoffood.　　A.ofwhichB.whereC.todoD.that　　4.Whycan"tyourealizethepart________theyhaveplayedinourlife?　　A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where　　【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：makeuseof,playapart(in)。　　四、添加插入语或状语　　5.Thescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery,_______Ibelieveisofgreatimportance.　　A.thatB./C.whichD.why　　【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：Ithink(suppose,expect,believe,imagine),inmyopinion,totellyouthetruth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。　　五、插入非谓语动词　　6.Isthistheman________youwanttohave________版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！　　theradioforme?　　A.who;repairedB.that;repaired　　C.whom;repairingD.that;repair　　【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：Youwanttohavethemanrepairtheradioforme.　　小试牛刀：　　1.Wasitintheshop________soldchildren"sclothingthatyoulostyourwallet?　　A./B.whereC.thatD.when　　2.Thankyouforthedifficulty________youhavehadpaintingthehouse.　　A.whenB./C.whyD.where　　3.Isthereanyonearoundthefactory________knowshowtooperatethecomputer?　　A.whoB.whichC.whereD.inwhich　　4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplan________theywouldliketosee________thenextyear.　　A.that;carriedout　　B.who;carriedout　　C.which;carryout　　D.that;carryingout　　5.Shewasmuchdisappointedtoseethebeautifulcloth________shehadmade________withlotsofspots.　　A.which;cover　　B.that;covered　　C./;covering　　D.where;covering　　6.Lincoln,________lifewasoncehard,wereelectedPresidentofAmerican.　　A.forwhomB.whoC.towhomD./(1—6CBAAB)高考真题1.Finallythethiefhandedeverything______hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that2.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose3.All______isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which4.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which5.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that6.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom7.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wehadn’texpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it8.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when9.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！10.Thenthegreatdaycame______hewastomarchpastthepalaceintheparade.A.whereB.sinceC.whenD.till11.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatthereason______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where12.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what13.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome___Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where14.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What15.Thejourneyaroundtheworldlooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas26days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich16.Luxun,wasZhouSuren,wrotemanynovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname17.isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What18.Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when19.We‘llbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museumsandsomeotherplaces,___othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when20.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen21.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.afteritD.afterthat22.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,____wewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichＤ.inthat23.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where24.Hismovewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_____wasbeyondhiswildest.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it25.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich26.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_____wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom27.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_____theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen28.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof____arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom29.Chan’srestaurantonBaker’sstreet,_____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页 中小学教育资源站，百万资源无需注册免费下载！A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where30.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer______sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where31.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity____sightmattersmorethanhearingA.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where32.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whichD.where34.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where(1-5DDBDB6-10DBBAC11-15ABCBD16-20DBDCD21-25AADAD26-30DDDBD31-34DDD)版权所有：中小学教育资源站http://www.edudown.net第9页共9页