高考英语语法专题复习-动词的时态语态 6页

专题十动词的时态I、重点难点解析高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。一动词的基本形式一览表形式变化规则构成方法例词原形see,finish,teach现在时第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slook→looks,write→writes以ch,sh,s,x结尾加-esteach→teaches,finish→finishesguess→guesses,mix→mixes以o结尾加-esdo→does,go→goes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，加-estry→tries,cry→cries过去式过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstay→stayed,look→looked以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecide→decided,hope→hoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-edstop→stopped,admit→admitted以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，加-edcarry→carried,try→tried现在分词一般情况加-inggo→going,read→reading以不发音e结尾去e，再加-inghave→having,write→writing以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-ingcut→cutting,run→running二常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表时态构成常用时间状语一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数+s等）always,usually,often,sometimes,every…,etc.一般过去时动词过去式yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,last…,…ago,etc.一般将来时will（shall）+动词原形tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next…,intwodays,etc.begoingto+动词原形过去将来时would+动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中将来进行时will（shall）+be+现在分词ateight（thistime）tomorrow,etc.现在进行时am（is,are）+现在分词now,duringthesedays,etc.过去进行时was（were）+现在分词ateight（thistime）yesterday,etc.现在完成时have（has）+过去分词already,just,yet,since,for…,etc.第6页共6页 过去完成时had+过去分词by…,before,etc.现在完成进行时have（has）+been+现在分词for…,since…,etc.三注意以下几种时态的区别1.一般过去时和现在完成时1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。Iwrotealetterthismorning.(只说明写了一封信的事实)2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。Ihavewrittenaletterthismorning.(我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。)2.一般过去时和过去进行时1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。Itrainedheavilylastnight.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。Itwasrainingcatsanddogslastnight昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续)3.现在完成时和现在完成进行时1)现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。Ihavereadthatbook.(已读完)2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.(还没读完)II、实战演练用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式1.1)---Rememberthefirsttimewe____________________(meet)?---Ofcourse.You_____________________(study)inBeijingUniversitythen.2)CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_________________________(study)Englishforayear.2.1)Thegovernment__________________(build)twofactoriesinthisregionsincetheendoflastyear.2)Thegovernment____________________(build)twofactoriesinthisregionbytheendofthisyear.3.1)It___________(be)tenyearssinceweleftschool.2)It____________(be)twoyearsbeforeweleaveschool.4.They_______________________(work)ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe____________________(stillwork)onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.5.ThepenI____________(think)I_____________(lose)isonmydesk,rightundermynose.6.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_______________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.7.Shesaidthatit___________(be)thesecondtimeshe_______________(see)thefilm.8.Idon’treallyworkhere.I_________________(justhelp)outuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.9.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight2039_____________(take)offat18:40..第6页共6页 10.---Howareyoutoday?---Oh,_________________(notfeel)asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.11.1)Mygoodfriend_______________(come)fromGuangdong.(是广东人)2)Mygoodfriend_______________(come)fromGuangdonglastweek.(从广东来)12.1)Where_____________(be)you?(你在哪儿)2)Where____________you____________?(be)(你去了哪)3)Where_____________he____________(go)?(他去哪了)13.1)Mr.John______________(teach)EnglishinChinafortwoyears.(不在中国了)2)Mr.John______________(teach)EnglishinChinafortwoyears.(也许仍在中国)14.1)I_____________________(read)thatbook.(读过那本书了)2)I_____________________(read)thatbookallthemorning.（一直在读那本书）15.1)WhenIgotthere,he__________________thework(做完那工作了)2)WhenIgotthere,he__________________theworkcarefully(在认真地做工作)3)WhenIgotthere,he__________________thework(才要做工作)答案：1.met,werestudying;hasbeenstudying2.hasbuilt;willhavebuilt3.is;willbe4.Hadbeenworking;arestillworking5.thought,hadlost6.willincrease7.was,hadseen8.amjusthelping9.takes10.haven’tfelt11.comes;came12.are;havebeen;hasgone13.taught;hastaught14.haveread;havebeenreading15.haddone;wasdoing;wasabouttodo语法填空Whenhewasalittleboy,ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismotherturningthewheelofhersewing-machinewithherhand.“Wouldn’titworkquicklyifamachine1(turn)thewheelforyou?”heasked.“Isupposeitwould,”saidhismother,withoutpayinghimanyattention.Christopher2(know)shealwayshadalotofwork,andhewantedtohelp.Upinhisbedroomtherewasatoysteam-enginewhichhisfather3(buy)himasagift.“I4(make)betteruseofit,”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So,whenhismother5(notuse)hersewing-machine,hefixedthetoysteam-engineontoit.Whenthejob6(finish),hewasquitepleased,thinkinghismother7(like)it.“Veryclever,”hismothersaid,whenshesawit.Thenshesatdownandwentonturningthewheelbyhand.“I8(work)likethisfortoomanyyears,”sheexplained.ThistaughtChristopherthelessonthatanyonewho9(try)toimproveanything10(have)tolearn:Manypeopledon’tlikenewideas.答案：1.turned2.knew3.hadbought4.will/shallmake5.wasnotusing6.wasfinished7.wouldlike8.havebeenworking9.tries10.has三、完形填空Severalyearsago,awell-knownwriterandeditorNormanCousinsbecameveryill.Hisbodyachedandhefeltconstantlytired.Itwasdifficultforhimtoeven__21__around.Hisdoctortoldhimthathewouldlosetheabilitytomoveandeventuallydiefromthedisease.Hewastoldhehadonlya1in500chanceofsurvival.第6页共6页 Despitethediagnosis(诊断),Cousinswas__22__toovercomethediseaseandsurvive.Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,which__23__theideaofhowbodychemistryandhealthcanbe__24__byemotionalstressandnegativeattitudes.ThebookmadeCousins__25__thepossiblebenefitofpositiveattitudesandemotions.Hethought,“Isitpossiblethatlove,hope,faith,laughter,confidence,andthewillto1ivehavepositivetreatmentvalue?”Hedecidedto__26__positiveemotionsasawaytotreatsomeofthesymptomsofhisdisease.Inadditiontohistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituationsthatwould__27__positiveemotions.“Laughtherapy”becamepartofhistreatment.He__28__timeeachdayforwatchingcomedyfilms,readinghumorousbooks,anddoingotheractivitiesthatwoulddrawoutpositiveemotions.Withineightdaysofstartinghis‘‘laughtherapy”programhispainbeganto__29__andhewasabletosleepmoreeasily.Hewasabletoreturntoworkinafewmonths’timeandactually__30__completerecoveryafterafewyears.21.A.runB.passC.moveD.travel22.A.devotedB.determinedC.plannedD.forced23.A.discussedB.explainedC.presentedD.demonstrated24.A.killedB.ruinedC.damagedD.influenced25.A.remindofB.learnfromC.refertoD.thinkabout26.A.concentrateonB.pickupC.absorbinD.careabout27.A.makeupB.setaboutC.putupD.bringabout28.A.arrangedB.appointedC.offeredD.afforded29.A.escapeB.decreaseC.recoverD.end30.A.receivedB.soughtC.reachedD.recognized答案：21---25CBACD26---30ADABC专题十一动词的语态I、重点难点解析高考中通常是把时态和语态结合起来考查的。动词的语态有两种：主动语态(theactivevoice)和被动语态(thepassivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。如：PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.(theactivevoice)Englishisspokenallovertheworld.(thepassivevoice)一动词的被动语态构成一览表（以ask为例）第6页共6页 常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked3一般将来时will/shallbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9过去将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked5现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/may…beasked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：Wearenotallowedtosmoke./Heisoftenmadefunofbyhisclassmates./Newspaperusedtobesenthereat10a.m.据说类动词，如：Itissaid/believed/supposed/reportedthat…,Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…,Itiswellknownthat…等，及Itmustbeadmitted/pointedoutthat…等结构常以被动形式出现。以下主动形式常表被动意义：Thebikeneeds/wants/requiresrepairing./Thefilmisworthseeing./Thedoorwon’tshut/open./Theplaywon’tact./Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell./Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.以下词或短语没有被动态：happen,appear,become,last,cost,occur,lack,fit,mean,join,equal,fail,enter,have,contain,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,consistof,loseheart,keepupwith等。二被动语态和系表结构的区别：1.被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态；Thecupwasbrokenbyaboy.(被动语态)Thecupisbroken.(系表结构)2.前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时；Mybikeisbeing/willbe/wasrepaired.Heis/wasinterestedinhiswork.3.被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者；Thedresswasmadebymymother.II、实战演练用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Astheyearspassed,manyoccasions---birthdays,awards,graduations_______________(mark)withDad’sflowers.2.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey__________________(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.3.Greatchanges_________________(takeplace)inthecity,andalotoffactories________________(setup).4.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____________________(breakinto)andalotofthings____________(steal).5.Thediscussion_______________(come)alivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.6.Theheadteachersaysthatallthepreparationsfortheparty__________________________(complete)byFriday.第6页共6页 1.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront________________(expect)toarrive.2.Thecarelessdriveris______________(blame)forthetrafficaccidentthat____________(happen)yesterday.3.Flowersusually_______________(sell)wellonValentine’sDay,sotheirflowers______________(sell)innotimethatday.4.IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI_______________(tell)thecloth_______________(wash)well.5.LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)___________________(say)tohaveboughtbirdskeptincagesinordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree.6.---Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?---Yes,Ihave.Iguessit______________________(grade)now.7.IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisedbywhat________________________(discover)inscienceandtechnology.8.Theworkneeds_________________(complete)by6p.m.9.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdisease__________________(reduce)greatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorevegetables.答案：1.weremarked2.havebeengiven3.havetakenplace;havebeensetup4.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolen5.came6.willhavebeencompleted7.isexpected8.toblame,happened9.sell,wassold10.havebeentold,washes11.issaid12.isbeinggraded13.hasbeendiscovered14.completing/tobecompleted15.willbereduced第6页共6页