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·David专题一名词一名词的分类：1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。二，名词变复数：2名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people police cattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。 TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜） trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）; suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice 一则建议。5.定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系··
·2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：menworkers womenteachers gentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goodstrain（货车）armsproduce 武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷 4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs 两打鸡蛋 aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan. 一个五年计划 专题二冠词一、不定冠词的用法：1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any,如:Ahammeristool.Asteelworkermakessteel.2、泛指某人或某物。Aboyiswaitingforyou.Thereisabookonyourdesk.3、表one或every。Wework8hoursaday.Igohometwiceamonth.4、表示thesame的意思。Birdsofa(=thesame)featherflocktogether;peopleofakindcometogether.5、用在不可数名词前a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份Alargecoffeeforme.Itwasawonderfultea.b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）Itwascleardaylightnowandafinerainwasfalling.Thereisacoldwindthismorning.c)（用在抽象名词前）一种Thatisagreatdisappointment.It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。IsawaMrs.Smithonthe12that2:00.HehadaVanGoghinthedining-room.WhatastrangeLondontheysaw!He’salivingLeiFeng.7、用于某些固定词组中。afew,alittle,agoodmany,alotof,allofasudden,asarule,haveacold等。8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an,如anapple,anEnglishbook。要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。如auniversity,anhour,an“h”,anX-rayexamination.二、定冠词的用法。1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。Theboylikesthefilm.Shutthedoor,please.Theoldpoorpeasanthasason.Thesonisamodelworker.2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。theearth,themoon,thestars,thesun（但space前不用）3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。thesecond,thetallest,thelast,thefirst.4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。theUnitedStates;thePeople’sRepublicofChina;theCommunistPartyofChina;theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy;theNo.15MiddleSchool;thedepartmentofEducation.5、用在某些建筑物名称前。TheGreatHallofthePeople;theMonumenttothePeople’sHeroes;theGreatWall;theCapitalTheatre;theSpaceMuseum;thePeaceHotel。··
·1、用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。TheChangjiangRiver,theRedSea,theDabieMountains,theEnglishChannel,theTaiwanStraits,thePersianGulf。2、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。thePeople’sDaily（但：ChinaDaily）theNewYorkTimes,the15thPartyCongress,theGenevaAgreement3、用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。ontheleft,intheeast,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend,hitsbonthehead,catchsbbythearm4、用在形容词前表一类人。thepoor,thedead,theyoung,therich,thewounded.5、用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。Givemethebook.Who’stheman?11.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。theSmiths,theGreens,theWangs,theTurners12.用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。Thehorseisausefulanimal.Thecomputerwasinvadednotlongago.13.指世纪的年代。inthe1890’s或inthe1890s14.用在表示乐器的名词前。playthepiano(theguitar,theviolin,theflute)15.用在某国语言前，构成the…language的形式。TheEnglishlanguageisverywidelyusedallovertheworld.如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。Chinesehasthelargestnumberofspeakersintheworld.16.用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。Hegotpaidbythehour.Theyselltheclothbythemeter.三．零冠词的场合。a)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。China,Johnson;Airismatter.Soundisinvisible.b)当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。Thisbookisgood.IreadmyEnglishbookeveryday.c)注：指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。＊mythatbook,应该说：thatbookofmine.街名、广场名、公园名前。WallStreet.Tian’anmenSquare,HydePark.d)省市、大学名前。HubeiProvince(但theProvinceofHubei);WuhanCity(但theCityofWuhan);QinghuaUniversity(但：theUniversityofQinghua)e)湖泊前一般不用冠词。EastLake,SaltLake,DongtingLakef)山峰前不用冠词。MountHua,MountTai,MountEverestg)月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。March,Christmas,Sunday;Haveyouhadlunch?Springisthebestseasonoftheyears.(但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。Iarrivedhereinthewinterof1993.)h)称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。What’sthis,John?WemadeLiHaimonitor.i)学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。Welikemaths.Theyoftenplayfootball.j)泛指的复数名词前。Studentsmustworkhardattheirlesson.K）与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。bybus,byhand,byradio,byair,bywater.配套习题：冠词练习()1.Johnis____universitystudent.A.someB.anyC.aD.an()2.Hegavemysister____usefulbookyesterday.A.anB.aC./D.the()3.Ihave___Uncle.HeisgoodatmendingTVstes.A.anB.aC./D.the()4.Thereis___“s”intheword“smile”.A.aB.anC.theD./()5.MrSmithalwaysgivesme___handwhenIamintrouble.A.aB.anC.theD./()6.Thecartoon“Mulan”is___interestingfilmand___storyhappenedinChina.A.a;theB.an;theC.the;aD.an;a()7.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay____basketball.A.aB.anC.theD./()8.----Where’sXiaoMing?-----He’shaving___restoverthere.A.aB.anC.theD./··
·()9.Thereis___“h”intheword“hour”.A.aB.anC.theD./()10.____earthweliveonisbiggerthan_____moon.A.The;aB.The;theC.An;aD.An;the()11.Thescientistsfrom___UnitedStateslivein__NinthStreet.A.the;theB./;theC./;/D.the;/()12.---What’sthematterwithyou?----Icaught____badcoldandhadtostayin____bed.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the()13.Johnlikesplaying____football.Buthedoesn’tlkeplaying___piano.A.the;theB./;theC./;/D.the;/()14.Sheisoneof___mostpopularteachersinthisschool.A.aB.theC./D.much()15.Tomhas___highfeverandhismotherislookingafterhim.A.aB.theC.anD./()16.Thisisastoryabout____one—eyeddog.A.aB.theC.anD./()17.---Haveyougot__E--mailaddress?---Oh,yes,mineiswjb@yahoo.com.A.theB.anC.aD./()18.Wecan’tsee___sunonarainyday.A.aB.theC./D.an()19.Thehousein___frontoftheriverison____fire.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;a()20.---Whatcoloris____orange?----It’s____orange.A.an,anB.an,theC.an,/D./,the()21.Everyyear___Mother’sDayison__secondSundayinMay.A.the,theB./,theC.the,/D./,/()22.---Areyouhaving___goodtime?---Yes,butI’mfeelingalittletired.Iwanttohave____rest.A.a,/B./,aC.a,aD.the,a()23.Wecan’tsee___sunat__night.A.a,/B.a,theC.the,/D.the,the()24.Heisveryrich.However,heoftensays___richshouldhelp___poor.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD./;/()25.__GreatWallis__longestwallintheworld．A．A；aB.The；theC．A；theDThe；a()26．Billis_______Englishteacher．Helikesplaying_______football．A．a；theB．an；theC．a；／D．an；／27．Themuseumisquitefar．Itwilltakeyouhalf____hourtogetthereby___bus．A．an；／B．an；aC．a；／D．／；／28._____BlacksaregoingtotheparkthisSunday.Whydon’twegofor___walk?A.A,aB.An,/C.The,aD./,a29.Heisveryrich.However,heoftensays___richshouldhelp___poor.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD./;/30.Janeis___tallerofthetwo.A.theB.aC.anD./31_______womanoverthereis______popularteacherinourschool．A．A；anB．The；aC．The；theD．A；the32．Ishe_____Americanboy？A．anB．aC．oneD．／33．Theypassedourschool___daybeforeyesterday．A．anB．oneC．aD．the34．Australiais___English-speakingcountry．A．aB．anC．theD．／35．Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall．36．Thisis_______usefulbook．I"vereaditfor_______hour．专题三代词一.人称代词人称代词所有格称为物主代词。物主代词分为两类：①形容词性的，如my,her,your,their等；②名词性的，如mine，hers，yours，theirs等。由于受汉语影响，我们常犯以下两种错误：1)漏用代词，主要是形容词性的物主代词，因为汉语中常常将它省略。例如：Ihavedonemyhomework.（不能说*Ihavedonehomework.）Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.（不能说*Wecleanclassroomeveryday．）二.反身代词1.“反身”用法反身代词作句中宾语时，表示动作返回到主语本身。或者说，句子的主语和宾语是同一个人或物。例如：Hehurthimself．（作动词宾语）Dickboughthimselfanewcoat.（作间接宾语）IheardJanetalktoherself.（作介词宾语）2.强调用法：反身代词用作同位语时，在句中起强调作用，其位置也比较灵活。例如：Iwenttoseethechairmanmyself．（强调主语）Wespoketothemayorhimself．（强调宾语）Themayorhimselfmetusatthedoor.（紧随主语之后）Themayormetusatthedoorhimself.（在句末）三.不定代词··
·1.用some还是用any1)一般说来，some用于肯定；any用于否定，例如：Therearesomelettersforyou.Therearen"tanylettersforme．2.either与neithereither指“两者之中任何一个”，neither指“两者都不”通常与单数动词连用。但在非正式英语中也可与复数动词连用。例如：You"vegottwoanswers.Eitheriscorrect.Neitheriswrong．3.nobody,noone,nothing和nonenobody和noone指人，作单数，后面不能接of短语,例如：Nobody／Nooneknowswhyshewaslateagain．nothing指物，作单数；none指人或物，作单救或复数均可。none既可用于可数名词，也可用于不可数名词,例如：Noneofthemoneyonthetableismine.4.every与eachevery强调的是“全体”；each则强调的是具体“每一个”。例如：Onevery／eachsideofthesquarethereweresoldiers.此外，each可作名词性代词，如：Eachhastwobooks.（each作主语）Weeacharesatisfiedwithourownrooms.(each作同位语，常位于主语和谓语动词之间，谓语动词及代词等应与主语一致。)Wearesatisfiedwithourownroomseach.(each作同位语时，也可置于句末。)5.other,theother和another1)other表示“另外的（人或物）”，“其他的（人或物）”，其复数形式为others。例如：Thereareotherwaysofdoingthisexercise．LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohe1pothers.2)theother表示两者之中的“另一个（人或物）”，其复数形式为theothers，例如：Hehasapeninonehandandabookintheother.。Onlythreeofthestudentswereintheclassroom；theotherswereallontheplayground.当other泛指“别人”时，前面不加定冠词：Wemustalwaysbereadytohelpothers.3)another表示不定数目中的“另一个或类似的下个（人或物）”，还可与数词连用，表示“再，又”的意思。例如：Howaboutanothercupoftea？Thestrikemaylastanothertwoweeks.6.one1)one只可用于指代可数名词，其复数形式是ones。例如：Ifyoucan"tfindyourpen，usetheoneonthetable.Whatniceshirts！whichone／onesshallwebuy？2)one／ones通常不能直接用在their，my，his等物主代词以及a（n），own，several和名词所有格后面。例如：Hisknifeseemssharperthanmine.（不能用myone代替mine）Theydon"tlikethistown；theywantverymuchtogobacktotheirown.（不能用*theirownone代替theirown或theirowncountry）但是，当one／ones前面还带有形容词时，则例外。如：Haveyouanyknives？Ineedasharpone.Myolddictionaryisn"tasgoodasJohn"snewone．3)the／this／thatone与that：that可以指代不可数名词，而one不能。如：TheweatherinWuhanismuchwarmerthanthatinTianjing.（that不能用theone取代）that后面常接of短语。例如：Thisdictionaryismoreexpensivethanthatone.（thatone＝thatdictionary.one一般不省略）Thewindowofyourroomismuchbiggerthanthatofmine.（that＝thewindow，它后面有of短语，一般不用theone替代）有时候theone和that可以互相取代，如：Thegoldringisinthatbox---theone（＝that）withthekeyinthelock.4)one可以泛指人，相当于you，we，people，其所有格为one"s。例如：Oneshoulddoone"s／hisduty．专题四指示代词和不定代词一.指示代词1.this和these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物；that和those表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。··
·如：Thisisapenandthatisaruler.这是一支钢笔，那是一把尺子2.向别人介绍某个人时，要说“Thisis...”，介绍两个人时，先用“Thisis...”介绍一个人，然后用“Thatis...”介绍另一个人。如：Thisismybrotherandthatismysister.这是我哥哥那是我妹妹3.that和those还可以指前文中的事物，this和these指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。如：Igotuplate,that"swhyImissedthebus. 我起床迟了，这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。4.one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。 Ican"tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone. （不定） 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。 ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought. （同类但不同个） 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 Ican"tfindmyhat.Idon"tknowwhereIputit. （同一物） 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了一.不定代词不定代词，即不指明代替某特定名词或形容词的代词1.常用不定代词有all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,noone,none,everybody,everyone等2.除every和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。 Ihavenoideaaboutit. 3.all都，指三者以上。 all的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。 Allgoeswell. 一切进展得很好。 all通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说allthebook，而说thewholebook。 both 都，指两者。 4.neither 两者都不 a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 b.作定语与单数名词连用，但neither…nor用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。 either（两者中任何一个），neither（两者都不）。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。 5.some某些，一些，某个 1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。 2)当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。 注意： (1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。 (2)some用于其他句式中: a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。 Wouldyoulike句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffee? b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：Ifyouneedsomehelp，letmeknow. c.some位于主语部分,Somestudentshaven"tbeentherebefore. 6.none无人或无 不定代词none的含义和all相反，和noone，notany同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如： noneoftheproblemsis/areeasytosolve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语，代替可数名词） 7.every和each 1) every强调全体的概念，each强调个体概念。 Everystudentinourschoolworkshard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。 Eachstudentmayhaveonebook.. 每个学生都可有一本书。 2) every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 3) every只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。 Everystudenthastotakeone.Eachboyhastotakeone.Eachoftheboyshastotakeone. 4) every与not连用，表示部分否定；each和not连用表示全部否定。 Everymanisnothonest.并非每个人都诚实。Eachmanisnothonest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。.8.one/another/theother 1)泛指另一个用another。 2)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the··
·other。 3)一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one(another)，第三个可用theother，athird。 4)一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用theothers。 5)泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。9.Many，much都意为"许多"，many+可数名词，much+不可数名词。 Howmanypeoplearethereatthemeeting?Howmuchtimehasweleft? 10.few,little,afew,alittle(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词afew/alittle为肯定含义，还有一点few/little 为否定含义，没有多少了 Hehasafewfriends. 他有几个朋友。Hehasfewfriends. 他几乎没有朋友。 Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了专题五形容词和副词一.形容词1.定义用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质2.用法：1.作定语。例如：Thisisaoldhouse.2.作表语.例如：Iamsorrytohearthat.3.作宾语补足语。例如：Shemadehermotherangry.3.某些形容词前加上定冠词the，可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。例如：（1）Theoldarelookedafterwell.(2)Weshouldhelpthepoor.二.副词1.定义用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句。2.用法：1.作状语。例如：(1)Theyworkhard.(副词修饰动词)(2)Theyarequiteright(副词修饰形容词)(3)Heparkthecarveryeasily.(副词修饰副词)(4)Unfortunately,hewasout.(副词修饰整个句子)三.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化单音节词和部分双音节词(1)一般在词尾加er，est。hard---harder----hardestgreat----greater-----greatest(2)以字母e结尾的加r，st。nice---nicer---nicest(3)重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er，est.big---bigger---biggestfat--fatter--fattestthin--thinner--thinnest(4)多音节词和部分双音节词在其前加more，most.interesting--moreinteresting--mostinterestingcarefully--morecarefully--mostcarefullyquickly--morequickly--mostquicklyhappily--morehappily--mosthappily表示"较不..."和"最不..."时，可用less和leastdifficult---lessdifficult---leastdifficultbeautiful---lessbeautiful---leastbeautiful（5）部分特别词的变化：good---better----bestwell---better---bestbad/ill---worse---worstmany/much---more---mostlittle---less---leastfar---farther/further---farthest/furthestold---older/elder---oldest/eldest四.用法：1.两者之间的比较用比较级:(1)Herunsfasterthanhisfriend.(2)Whoisyounger,TomorJohn?2.三者或三者以上之间进行比较用最高级(1)Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.(2)Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?3.比较级前可以用much,alittle,even,still,alot来修饰如；Ourschoolismuchmorebeautifulthanyourschool.4.在一些含有比较级的句子里，常用that或those来代替前面所提到的词。如：(1)TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinShanghai.(2)Theboysinourclassaremorethanthoseinyourclass.5.形容词比较级前加the或“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越...”(1)Themore,thebetter.越多越好(2)Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越感到开心(3)Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.天气变得越来越冷6.副词的最高级可以不用定冠词the，如：Theboywritesmostcarefullyinhisclass.··
·五.原级比较：1.结构......as+原级+as.......（前者与后者一样）；......notas/so+原级+as.......（前者不如后者那么...）如：(1)Thecoatisasoldasthatone.(2)TheweatherinBeijingisnotas/sohotasthatinShanghai.2..原级的特殊用法：1.表示“是...的几倍”。句型是.....times+as+原级+as...Thishouseisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.这座房子是那座房子的三倍大2.表示“尽可能.....”句型：...as+原级+aspossible/onecan.Weshouldgetupasearlyaspossible/wecan我们应该尽可能的早起。配套习题：形容词与副词的比较级与最高级(一)：翻译句子：1．这本书跟那本书一样有趣。Thisbookis_______________thatone.2．你游泳没有你弟弟好。Youcan’tswim_______________yourbrother.3．今天比昨天冷的多。Itis___________today______itwasyesterday.4．对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。Thisstoryis_________________thanthatone.5．他比我大两岁。Heis_________________thanI.6．这个故事不如那个有趣。Thisstoryis_______________thanthatone.7．她的身体状况一天天好起来。Heisgetting_________________everyday.8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。Heisbecoming_____________________________English.9.他吃的越多，人越胖。Themoreheeats,the_______hegets.10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Yourquestionis___________________oftwo.David(四)：用所给词的正确形式填空：1.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe_moreclever______(clever).2.Gold(黄金)is_less_(little)usefulthaniron(铁).3.Mysisteristwoyears___older____(old)thanI.4.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_youngest____(young)child.5.The___cheapest__(cheap)bagsarethenotusuallythebestones.6.Theshortoneisbyfar__more_____expensiveofthefive.7.Theboyisnotso____interested__(interesting)ashisbrother.8.Dicksings___well__(well),shesings___better___(well)thanJohn,butMarysings___best___(well)inherclass.9.Shewillbemuch____happier__(happy)inhermewhouse.10.Thisdressis__twiceasmoreexpensiveas____that.(twice,as…as…,expensive)二．单行选择：（）1.Ithinkscienceis_thanJapanese.A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportant（）2Thispencilis___thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong（）3Thesechildrenare____thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller（）4Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis___today.A.evenhotterB.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhot（）5Ourclassroomis____largerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much（）6Thisfilmis_____interestingthanthatone.A.moreB.muchC.veryD.themost（）7Chinaislargerthan____inAfricaA.anyothercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryD.anycountry（）8Tomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.A.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy（）9Whenspringcomes,itgets____.A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter（）10Byandby,____studentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.A.moreandmoreB.muchandmuchC.manyandmanyD.lessandleast（）11Atlasthebegantocry___.··
·A.hardandhardB.morehardandmorehardC.harderandharderD.lesshardandlessharder（）12Whenspringcomesthedaysget____andnights____.A.short;longB.long;shortC.longer;shorterD.shorter;longer（）13___Ilookatthepicture,____Ilikeit.A.Thebest;themoreB.Themore;thelessC.Themore;lessD.More;themore（）14___hereadthebook,____hegotinit.A.Themore;themoreinterestingB.Theless;themoreinterestingC.Themore;themoreinterestedD.More;moreinterested（）15Whichdoyoulike___,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most（）16Whichdoyouthinktastes____,thechickenorthefish?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well（）17Whojumped____ofall?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfar（）18LiLeiis___studentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest（）19Thefifthorangeis____ofall.Giveittothatsmallchild.A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggerD.thebiggest（）20Whois---ofyouthree?A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldestD.older（）21Tomisoneof____boysinourclass.A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallestB.thetall（）22Thetreeis___inthegarden.A.thetallerB.thetallestC.tallerthanof-allD.tall.（）23Whichis___,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strongB.strongestC.strongerD.thestrongest（）24Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorJapanese?A.easyB.themosteasyC.theeasiestoD.muchmoreeasy（）25Whichis____interesting,science,mathsorEnglish？A.moreB.themostC.veryD.too（）26Whichcityis____,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.muchmorebeautifulD.themostbeautiful（）27Whichmonthis____,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottest（）28Iamtwelve;Mikeisfourteen;Maryisthirteen.SoMikeisthe___ofthethree.A.oldB.olderC.oldestD.theoldest（）29My____brotheristhreeyears____thanI.A.elder;elderB.older;oldestC.elder;olderD.older;elder（）30His____sonoftengotoseehimonSunday.A.eldestB.olderC.theeldestD.theolder（）31Heistwoyears___thanI.A.elderB.smallerC.youngerD.Less专题六动词时态一、一般现在时：（1）概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况，以及客观真理。（2）时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom,never,every…，onceaweek，onSundays，etc.例如：wedon’tgotoschoolonSundays.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.二、一般过去时： (1)概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。(2)时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek（year，night，month…），in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，（longlong，twodays）ago，onceuponatime，etc.例如：Wheredidyougojustnow?WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.三、一般将来时： （1）概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 （2）时间状语：tomorrow，nextday（week，month，year…），soon，inafewminutes，thedayaftertomorrow，thisevening,in2012,bytheyear2012，etc. （3）基本结构：①am/is/are/goingto+do；②will/shall+do.例如：Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you"dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.四、现在进行时： (1)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。(2)时间状语：now，listen，look，atthistime，thesedays，etc.··
· (3)基本结构：am/is/are+doing例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovelthesedays.It"sgettingwarmerandwarmer.五、过去进行时：（1）概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。（2）时间状语：atthistimeyesterday，atseveno’clockyesterdayevening,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。(3)基本结构：was/were+doing例如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.六、现在完成时： (1)概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 (2)时间状语：for接时间段，since接时间点或时间状语从句，just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（已经），once（一次），twice（两次），manytimes（很多次），howmanytimes（多少次），sofar（迄今为止），duringthepast（last）threeyears（最近三年来）(3)基本结构：have/has+done例如：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.七、过去完成时： (1)概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 (2)时间状语：bylastweek,by theendoflastyear（term，month…），bythetimeetc.(3)基本结构：had+done.例如：HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.配套习题：时态复习练习题一．单行选择：（）1.----Isthisyourcoat,sir?----No,mine___overtherenearthewindow.A.hangsB.ishangingC.hungD.hashung（）2.Couldyoupleasetellmehowsoon___?A.isyourbrotherbackfromBritainB.yourbrotherisbackfromBritainC.willyourbrotherbebackfromBritainD.yourbrotherwillbebackfromBritain（）3.Badluck!We___MountEmeiwhenitrainedheavily.A.climbedB.wereclimbingC.areclimbingD.haveclimbed（）4.----IsthatJackspeaking?----Sorry,heisn’tinrightnow.He___thecinemawithhisaunt.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto（）5.----WhendidyouborrowtheEnglishstory-book?----Iborroweditlastweek.I___itforaweek.A.haveboughtB.havekeptC.haveborrowedD.had （）6.----MayIspeaktoMrGreen?----Sorry,he___London.Buthe’llbackintwodays.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.wentto（）7.Mr.ReadknowsTaizhouverywell.He___heremanytimes.A.isB.willcomeC.cameD.hasbeen（）8.Myfriend___thearmyin1989.A.joinsB.joinC.joinedDhasjoined（）9.There___abasketballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.wouldbe（）10.Don’tmakeanynoise.Grandma___.A.hassleptB.issleptC.willsleepD.issleeping（）11.----___yourbrother___anewwatch?----Notyet.A.Have;boughtB.Did;buyC.Has;boughtD.will;buy（）12.He___herein1980.He___ateacherforovertenyears.A.came;wasB.came;hasbeenC.hascome;isD.hascome;hasbeen（）13.She___thedictionarytoAliceyet.A.hasreturnedB.hasn’treturnedC.wouldreturnD.returned（）14.BillwaslisteningtotheradiowhileAnn___TV.A.watchedB.haswatchedC.waswatchingD.watch（）15.AssoonasIgetthereI___you.A.telephoneB.telephonedC.havetelephonedD.willtelephone··
·（）16.Theteachersaidtheearth___aroundthesun.A.moveB.movedC.movingD.moves（）17.I’llcometoseeyouassoonasI___back.A.willbeB.ambeingC.wasD.am（）18.I’lltellMrsGreenaboutitassoonasshe___back.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.comesD.came（）19.You____mewaitingfortwohours.I____foryousincefiveA.kept…waitedB.havekept…waitedC.kept…havewaitedD.havekept…havewaited（）20.Where______John_______?Tothelibrary.He_________thereforanhour.A.has…been…hasgoneB.has…gone…hasbeenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went（）21.______thebabystill_____?No,it_______crying.A.Has…cried…hasstoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did…cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…hasstopped（）22.I_______theway.I________hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…havelivedC.knew…liveC.know…havelivedD.know…live（）23._____youever_____America?Yes,Ihave.A.Have…gonetoB.Have…goneinC.Have…beentoD.Have…beenin二．综合填空：Ih_______aletterfrommysisteryesterday.ShelivesinNigeria.Inherl_____,shesaidthatshew_____cometoEnglandnextyear.Ifshec_______,shewillgetasurprise.Wearenowl_______inabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.Workonithadbegunbeforemysisterleft.Theh_____wascompletedfivemonthsago.Inmyletter,Itoldherthatshecouldstayw_____us.Thehousehasmanylarger______andthereisalovelyg______.Itisaverymodernhouse,soitlooksstrangetosomep______.Itmustbetheonlymodernhouseinthedistrict.专题七被动语态一.总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice)和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二.被动语态的结构：be+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)三.主动句变被动句万能口诀：抓.看.变.1.抓宾语2.看时态3.变动词四.被动语态的基本时态变化：1.一般现在时的被动语态.：（构成：am/is/are+动词的过去分词） Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina. 2.一般过去式的被动语态:（构成：was/were+动词的过去分词） Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928. 3.现在进行时的被动语态:（构成：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词） Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark. 4.过去进行时的被动语态:（构成：was/were+being+动词的过去分词） Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime. SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear. 5.一般将来时的被动语态:构成：(1)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词(2)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词. Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour. 6.现在完成时的被动语态:（构成：have/has+been+动词的过去分词） Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready. 7.含情态动词的被动式：（构成：can/may/must/should+be+done） 例如：Hecannotbefound.Imustbepaidforthis.五.被动语态的特殊结构形式1.有些动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，可以分别把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。（常见的接双宾语的动词有：send,pass,give,post,bring,buy,show,take）··
· 主动句：Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.被动句：Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.或Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.2.在使役动词let,make,have,以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,listento等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 Someonesawastrangerwalkontheroad.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkontheroad.3.主动结构表示被动意义：（1）英语中有很多动词如drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 Thiskindofshirtsellswell.这种样式的裙子卖的很好。 (2)look,taste,smell,seem,sound等系动词用主动结构表示被动意义。Thesouptastesgood.Shelooksverybeautifultoday.(3)只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。如:happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto，last.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometown.配套习题：英语被动语态练习题（）1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is，built B.Was,built C.Does;build D.Did;build（） 2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened（） 3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow（） 4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited（） 5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek. A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives（） 6.Alotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow. A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendone D.willbedone（） 7.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn"tsent B.hasn"tbeensent C.won"tbesent D.wasn"tsent（） 8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______? --Lastyear.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used（） 9.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written（） 10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedto B.wasaskedto C.isasked D.asksto（） 11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus （）12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump（） 13.Olderpeople____well. A.looksafter B.mustbelookedafter C.mustlookafter D.lookedafter（） 14.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedto B.shouldbelisten C.belistened D.islistened（） 15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isserved C.serves D.served（） 16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.A.hasbeen B.hadbeen C.has D.had（） 17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompleted B.willbecompleted C.hadbeencompleted D.isbeingcompleted（） 18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfounded B.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;founded D.tookplace;founded（）19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy? —Shehas_______byherclassmates.A.laughed B.laughedat C.beenlaughed D.beenlaughedat（） 20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.need B.areneeding C.areneeded D.willneed（）21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencare B.betakencareof C.takecare D.takecareof（） 22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengiven B.given C.togive D.begiven（） 23.I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gave B.wasgiven C.wasgiving D.hadgiven（） 24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfrom B.preventedfrom C.bepreventedfrom D.topreventfrom··
·（） 25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D.bebuilding（） 26.Thisbike________lastyear.A.bought B.hasbeenbought C.wasbought D.hadbeenbought（） 27.Didyouseethehousethat___byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroying B.destroyed C.woulddestroy D.wasdestroyed（）28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn’tbeendecided B.isn’tdeciding C.doesn’tdecide D.hasn’tdecided（） 29.Thepen____me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongto B.wasn’tbelongto C.doesn’tbelongto D.didn’tbelongto（） 30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepaired C.willrepair D.wasrepairing（） 31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.A.wasexpected;heard B.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hear D.washoped;heard（） 32．-Thewindowisdirty. —Iknow.It_____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleaned B.didn’tclean C.wasn’tcleaned D.hasn’tbeencleaned（） 33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.A.wouldbecompleted B.wasbeingcompleted C.hasbeencompleted D.hadbeencompleted（） 34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?—Since1990. A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployed D.willyoubeemployed（） 35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?—_______.A.Theyweredestroyedintheearthquake B.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem （）36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killed B.iskilled C.waskilled D.waskilling （）37.Rainforests ______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cut B.arecut C.arebeingcut D.hadbeencut（） 38.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.A.haschanging B.haschanged.C.willhavechanged D.willchange （） 39.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willlose（） 40.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuilt B.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt[参考答案]1-5 BDACC 6-10BBBBB 11-15BDBAB 16-20BBADC21-25BABCB 26-30BDACB 31-35ADDBA 36-40CCABD专题八：动词不定式一.概念：动词不定式属于非谓语动词形式的一种.不定式的形式：todosth不定式可以在句子中做主语.表语.宾语.定语.状语.补语，具有名词、形容词和副词的功能。二.动词不定式的用法：1、用途一：具有名词特征，可以在句子中作主语作主语时，要记住：谓语动词要使用单数的动词形式。例如： Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.说的容易，做来难。 Totravelinspacewillcometrue.在太空旅行即将成为现实。在充当主语的位置上可用it替代不定式，这时句子意思不变。Itwillcometruetotravelinspace.在太空旅行即将成为现实。在使用不定式作主语时，记住典型句型是Itis/was+形容词+todosth如：ItishardtolearnEnglishwell.2、用途二：具有名词特征.可以在及物动词之后作宾语。常见动词有：··
·begin(开始)，decide(决定)，hate(憎恨)，like(喜欢)，love(喜爱)，refer(宁愿)，start(开始)，want(想要)，wish(希望)等。例如：HebegantolearnEnglishattheageofthirteen.他十三岁时开始学习英语的。Shedecidedtoleavehereatonce.她决定立即离开这里。在believe(相信),feel(感到)，find(发现)，guess(猜想)，think(想)等动词之后作宾语时，若后面再有补语时，可用it作形式宾语。例如：Ifinditdifficulttoplayfootballwell.我发现踢好足球很难。 Ithinkitveryinterestingtoplaycomputergames.我想玩电脑游戏很有趣。 另外，还可以和除why以外的疑问词连用，以“疑问词+todosth.”的形式作动词的宾语。例如：Idon’tdecidewhat/which/whomtochoose.我没有决定选择什么/哪一个/谁。 Heexplainshowtousethecomputer.他解释如何使用电脑。 Iwonderwhenandwheretovisitthefashionshow.我想知道什么时候，在哪里参观那个时装表演。还可以和whether连用，如：Hehasn’ttoldmewhethertodothejob.他没告诉我是否做那工作。3、用途三：可以作宾语补足语：用不定式作宾语补足语的动词如：ask(请求)，advise(建议)，beg(祈求)，invite(邀请)，order(命令)，tell(告诉)，warn(警告)，wish(希望)等。这时的句型是：动词+sb+todosth例如：IaskedJimtoteachmeEnglish.我请吉姆教我英语。 Mr.Greeninvitedmetohavedinnerwithhim.格林先生邀请我和他一起吃饭。Hetellsmenottoopenthewindow.他告诉我不要打开窗户。在某些动词后作宾语补足语时，需接不带to的不定式，常见动词如feel(感觉)，hear(听见)，listento(听……)，see(看见)，watch(观看)，lookat(看……)，notice(注意)，smell(闻)，make(使)，have(使)，let(让)hadbetter(最好)等。例如：Ihearsomeoneknockatthedoor.我听见有人敲门了。 Thebossmadeusworktwelvehoursaday.老板每天让我们工作十二小时。但是上述动词在变为被动语态以后，需要加上to.例如：Weweremadetoworktwelvehoursaday.我们每天被要求工作十二小时。 Shewasnoticedtowaitforabusjustnow.有人注意到她刚才在等公共汽车了。4、用途四：可以在句子中作状语。跟在不及物动词之后，表示动作的行为、目的、原因、方式等等，常见的动词如：come(来)，go(去)，stop(停下来)等等，例如： Hecametolearnhowtousethecomputer.他来学习如何使用电脑。 Let’sstoptohavearest.咱们停下来休息吧。 记住在glad,pleased,surprised,sorry等形容词后可以接句子。例如： Iamsurprisedtohearwhatyousaid.听了你的话我感到很惊讶。 I’msorrytofailinthedrivingexam.我很遗憾没有通过这次驾驶考试。5、用途五：在句子中可以作定语：在句子中修饰名词或代词，作定语使用。中心词要放在不定式的前面，两者具有动宾关系。例如：Hehasalotofworktodo.他有很多工作要做。 Shehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.她有一个重要的会议要参加。6、用途六：可以用在连系（be）动词后做表语。例如：Herjobistolookaftertheoldman.她的工作是照看这位老人。 Mywishistobuymyselfahouse.我的愿望是给自己买一栋房子。配套习题：动词不定式练习题一，单项选择：（）1.Herwishis_____afamoussinger.A.becomeB.becameC.becomesD.tobecome（）2.Ourmonitorisalwaysready_____others.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping（）3.Haveyoudecided_____foryourholidays?A.gowhereB.wheretogoC.togowhereD.wherego（）4.Wouldyouplease_____meachair_____?A.give;tositonB.give;tositC.giving;sitD.togive;siton（）5.Thereisnodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon’tknow_____.A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat（）6.Thoughhehadoftenmadehissister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhissister.··
·A.cry;cryingB.crying;cryingC.cry;tocryD.tocry;cry（）7.–Whyareyougoingshoppingifyoudon’t_____?-Mywifewants_____withher.A.wantto;IgoB.want;megoingC.wantto;metogoD.want;togo（）8.Weareoftentold_____peopleintrouble.A.tosmilingB.nottosmileC.tolaughD.nottolaughat（）9.Youlooksotired.Whynot_____arest?A.stophavingB.tostophaveC.stoptohaveD.tostoptohave（）10.Marywent___aftershefinished___herwork.A.swim;doingB.toswim;todoC.toswim;doingD.swimming;todo（）11.Afridgeisusedfor_____vegetableandfoodcool.A.keptB.keepingC.tokeepD.keeps（）12..Thefarmersonthefarmarebusy_____applesonthetrees.A.pickingB.topickC.pickD.picked（）13.OnedaywhenEdisonwasfiveyearsold,hisfathersawhim_____someeggs.A.satB.tositC.sittingD.wassitting（）14.Shehasnopaper____A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingonD.towriteon（）15.Whenclassbegan,westopped_____totheteachercarefully.A.listeningB.listenC.listensD.tolisten（）16.Therearesomanykindsofradiosintheshop.Ican’tdecide____A.tobuywhatB.tobuywhichC.whattobuyD.whichtobuy（）17.–DoyouoftenhearJohn_____inhisroom?-Listen!Nowwecanhearhim_____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing（）18.Iusuallyforget_____thedoor,butIremembered_____itwhenIleftyesterday.A.closing;closingB.toclose;tocloseC.closing;tocloseD.toclose;closing（）19.Mymotheroftenasksme____early.A.getup B.gotup C.gettingup D.togetup（）20.Heistooold_____thebox..A.tocarry B.carrying C.carry D.carries（）21.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,Thefathermadethechildren____intheroom.A.tostay B.stay C.staying D.stayed二，完形填空：Aladyoncewrotealongstory.Shesentittoafamouseditor(编辑).After___1___weekstheeditor___2___thestorytoher.Theladywas___3___.Shewrotebacktotheeditor:"DearSir,Yesterdayyousentbackastoryofmine.___4___doyouknowthatthestoryisnotgood?Youdidnotreadit.___5___Isentyouthestory,Ipasted(粘贴)togetherpages18,19and20.Thiswasa___6___toseewhetheryouwouldreadthestory.Whenthestorycamebackyesterday,thepageswere___7___pastedtogether.Isthisthe___8___youreadallthestoriesthataresenttoyou?"Theeditorwroteback:"DearMadam,___9___breakfastthenIhaveanegg.I___10___eatthewholeegginordertodiscover(发现)thatitisbad."()1.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle()2.A.gaveB.camebackC.handedD.returned()3.A.angryB.happyC.satisfiedD.glad()4.A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.Where()5.A.AfterB.UntilC.BeforeD.Since()6.A.lessonB.testC.questionD.thing()7.A.alreadyB.stillC.evenD.yet()8.A.workB.checkC.roadD.way()9.A.OnB.OntheC.AtD.Atthe()10.A.mustnotB.havenottoC.neednottoD.don"thaveto专题九：动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 1、动名词作主语 Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Smokingmaycausecancer.吸烟可能导致癌症。 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如： It"snicetalkingwithyou. 和你谈话很高兴。 It"snousearguingwithhim. 跟他争论没用。 “There+be+no+-ing”结构，如： Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。 Thereisnoharmindoingso. 这样做没有害处。 2、动名词作表语 Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 3、动名词作宾语··
· Yourshoesneedpolishing.你的皮鞋该擦了。 Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。 Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。 有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如： ⑴chancetodo碰巧去做某事chancedoing冒险试一试做某事 ⑵forgettodo忘记要去做某事 forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事 ⑶goontodo接着又做另一件事 goondoing继续做同一件事 ⑷remembertodo记得要去做某事 rememberdoing记得曾做过某事 ⑸stoptodo停下来去做某事 stopdoing停止做某事 ⑹trytodo努力做某事 trydoing试一试做某事 ⑺regrettodo对将要做的事表示遗憾 regretdoing对做过的事表示遗憾 ⑻meantodo打算／想做某事 meandoing意味着／意思是做某事 4、动名词作宾语补语 Ifoundtheparadequiteinterestingtowatch. 这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中，后接宾语然后加上-ing分词，构成复合宾语结构，动名词充当宾补成分。 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see,hear,feel,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等。如： TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。 Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor. 我听见有人在敲门。 在有些动词(如：regard,describe,accept,thinkof,quote等)之后，可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如： Theyregardedthecontractasbeinginvalid. 他们认为合同无效。 Theydescribedthechildasbeingveryclever. 他们描述这孩子非常聪明。 使役动词，如：set,keep,have,get,leave,catch等。如： Canyougetmywatchgoingagain? 你能使我的表再走起来吗？ Thissetsmethinking. 这使我思考。 5、动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Havingcleanedtheroomswebegantoweedthegarden.(时间) 打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。 Comingintotheroom,shesaweverybodyalreadyattheirwork.(时间) 进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。 Beingill,hecouldn"tgotoschool.(原因) 因为生病，他不能去上学。 Workingdiligently,youwillcertainlysucceed.(条件)只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。 Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.(结果)我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。 Travelingbytrain,wevisitedanumberofcities.(方式) 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。 Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.(伴随) 玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。 6、动名词作定语 动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如:asmilingface笑脸 aleadingfigure领导人物动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-goingman好说话的人 swimmingpool游泳池 sleeping-pill安眠药片dining-car餐车专题十：连词和并列句并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常见的并列连词有and,but,so和or。这不,弟兄四个人聚在一起，煞有介事地开起会来了。那咱们就来听听吧！and自述———我的意思是“和”，有我的并列句表示联合关系。如：彼得踢足球，并踢得很好。Peterplaysfootball,andheisgoodatit.··
·but自述———我的意思是“但是”，和我在一起的并列句当然是表示转折的关系了。在使用时，千万要注意我有一个冤家，它是though或although（虽然，尽管），有它没我，有我没它！如：虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。Itrainedheavily,butIstillwenttoschool.so自述———我的意思是“所以”，有我的并列句表示因果关系。我呢，也有一个不能出现的死对头，because（因为）。在使用时，你可要小心了。如：因为没有车了，所以我不得不走着回家。Ihadtowalkhomebecausetherewasnobus.Therewasnobus,soIhadtowalkhome.or自述———我有两个意思，“或者”或“否则”，和我在一起的并列句表示选择关系。如：你可以待在家里，或者跟我们去钓鱼。Youcanstayathome,orgofishingwithus.好好学习吧，否则你就落后于其他人了。Workhard,oryou’llfallbehindothers.怎么样，听完了四兄弟的自述，对并列句掌握的怎么样了呢？来“并列句操练场”大显身手吧！ 配套习题： 从方框中所给的并列词中，选出正确的一个，完成句子。andorsobutbecausethough1.Openthedoor_________letthecoolairin.2.Therearefewnewwordsinthearticle,_________wecouldn’tunderstandit.3.Ilikebeef,__________myfatherdoesn’tlikeit.4.Wefinishedthehomeworkquickly_______itwasveryeasy.5.Bemorecareful,_______you’llhaveanaccident.6.It’srainingveryhard,________we’dbetterstayhere.7.Clairewantedtobuyacar,_______hedidn’thaveenoughmoney.8.He’salwaysverycareful,______henevermakesanymistakes.9.Takearaincoatwithyou,________you’llgetwet.10.Hekeptonworkingoutside,_________itwascolderandcolder. Keys:1.and2.but3.but4.because5.or6.so7.but8.so9.or10.though专题十一：宾语从句宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：一，引导词： A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong. B在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。例：Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对) C在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) D,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例：Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.··
· l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导.例：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。 2宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot. 3和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided. E,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。 例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语) Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)二，宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon. HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.三，宾语从句的时态：宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent. 2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek. 3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready. 4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish. l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry. 2.Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum? 3由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。 例：Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.==Idon’tknowwhattodonext. Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.==Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.配套习题：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。（）1.Idon"tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I"lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If（）2.Idon"tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe"llcome（）3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where（）4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended（）5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter（）6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive（）7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves（）8.Idon"tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare（）9.Thesmallchildrendon"tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings（）10.Ican"tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansII.按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）··
·→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句）→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp．3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）。Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.III.能力提升训练（）1.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?Doyouknow?(合并成一个句子)Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan?（）3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?_Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextdayA.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit（）4.Hedidn’tknow_____A.what’sthematterB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas（）5.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwas（）6.Iwanttoknow_____A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis（）7.---Couldyoutellme___sheislookingfor?---Hercousin,susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which8.Doyouknow___________?(谁正在唱歌)9.Doyouknow___________?(她正在和谁谈话)10.Doyouknow___________?(昨天发生了什么事)宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.1.if／whether;enjoys2.if／whether;needed3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5.didn"t;until6.whether;cameThekeys:1A.2if,comes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B9whoissinging10whosheistalkingwith11whathappenedyesterday专题十二：状语从句一.概念：用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。二.状语从句的分类：1.时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的词有when,before,after,until,assoonas,while等， （1）when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如： Whenhecamein,hismotherwascooking. When(While)wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday. （2）While表示时间段,因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如： Pleasedon"ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking. （3）As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有"随着……"或"一边……一边……"之意。如：Asyougetolder,yougetmoreknowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多（4）before意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如： Wecleanedtheclassroombeforeweleftschoolyesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。··
· （5）after意为“在……之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如： Afteryouuseplasticbags,youmustn"tthrowthemabout.在你用过塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。 （6）since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。eg. Wehaven"tseeneachothersinceweparted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。 注：常用句型：Itis+时间段+since从句 译为：自从……有多长时间了。eg. Itissixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。 （7）until意为“直到……时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。从句常用否定形式not...until...意为“直到……才……”例如： I"llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.我会呆在这里，直到你回来。 Hedidn"tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(8).assoonas意为“一……就……”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如： I"lltellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。.2.条件状语从句:由if引导的条件状语从句。if译为“如果”例如： Ifitdoesn"traintomorrow,wewillgotherebybike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。 IfIgetthereearly,Icanseethedoctorquickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。3.地点状语从句：常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）eg. Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。 Wewillgowhereverthemotherlandneedus.我们要到祖国需要的地方去。4.原因状语从句：Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因,着重点在主句，常译成"由于"；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成"既然"。如：Waterisveryimportantbecausewecan"tlivewithoutit. Hedidn"tcomeyesterdayashismotherwasill.I"lldoitforyousinceyouarebusy.5.目的状语从句：常用的引导连词有sothat和inorderthat译为：以便，为了，目的是。eg.Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanmakefullnotes.请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。Isenttheletterbyairmailinorderthatitmightreachhimintime.这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。6.结果状语从句such…that,so…that,sothat引导的区别：译为：如此……以至于。其结构如下： 1)such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that……1）so+形容词+that……. 2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+that……2)so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词+that…… 3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that……。如： 例如：ThiswassuchagoodfilmthatIwenttoseeitseveraltimes. Itwassuchgoodbooksthattheysellwell. ItwassuchbadweatherthatIhadtostayathome. HespokesofastthatIcouldn"tfollowhim. Heissolovelyaboythatwealllikehim.7.让步状语从句：是由though,although引导的状语从句。though,although和but不能同时使用。如：Though/Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.配套习题：状语从句练习题一．选择：（）1.Themeetingdidn"tstart___everyonewasthere.A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if（）2.He___backuntilthework___done.A.isn"t;willbeB.isn"t;isC.won"tbe;willbeD.won"tbe;is（）3.He___home___shewassatisfied___hisansweryesterday.A.didn"tgo;until;withB.wasn"tgo;after;toC.doesn"tgo;before;withD.didn"tgo;until;to（）4.Tomwillcallmeassoonashe___Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachC.arrivesinD.getto（）5.Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashe___back.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.cam（）6.Whenhegottothestation,thetrain___.A.leftB.hadleftC.leavesD.haslef（）7.Theboytoldhisfatherwhathe___inthestreet.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.see··
·（）8.We___TVwhenthetelephone____.A.watched;wasringingB.werewatching;rangC.watch;ringsD.arewatching;rang （）9.Bettydidn"tgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.becauseB.butC.untilD.if（）10.___youworkhard,youwillcertainlysucceed.A.ThoughB.IfC.BecauseD.For（）11.___hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.After（）12.I"dliketogoswimming_____thewaterisnottoocold.A.forB.unlessC.ifD.whether（）13.Iwanttoknow___sheisgoingtoseeafilm.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.which（）14.___youstudyharder,you"llneverpassthefinalexam.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.Except（）15.Pleaseanswerthequestioninaloudenoughvoice___alltheclassmayhear.A.so,thatB.orC.inorderthatD.and（）16.Weshouldgobybus___wecangetthereearlier.A.assoonasB.whereC.inorderthatD.as（）17.Thedictionaryissoexpensive___Ican"tbuyit.A.becauseB.whenC.thatD.if（）18.Igotthere___late___Ididn"tseehim.A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.so;as（）19.Itis___hotintheroom___wehavetogooutforawalk.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.as;asD.such;as（）20.Hehas___aninterestingbookthatwewanttoreadit.A.soB.suchC.thesameD.as二．完形填空：WhenafriendwasvisitingDavid,itbegan___1___.SoDavidtoldhim___2___thatnight."Youmaystayhere___3___night,"hesaid."OK,"answeredhisfriend.But___4___minutes___5___,thefriendwentout.Hedidn"ttellDavidwhere___6___goingnor(也没有)didheaskforanumbrella.WhenDavidwasabout___7___,hisfriend___8___.Hewasallwetthrough."Where___9___you___9___?"askedDavid."Ihavebeen___10___,"answeredthefriend,"totellmymotherthatI"llnotgohometonightbecauseoftherain."()1.ArainingB.torainC.rainD.rains()2.A.togonothomeB.don"ttogohomeC.nottogohomeD.doesn"ttogohome()3.A.forB.toC.ofD.up()4.A.fewB.littleC.alittleD.afew()5.A.lateB.afterC.latelyD.later()6.A.hewasB.washeC.heisD.ishe()7.A.togotosleepB.togotobedC.goingtobedD.gotobed()8.A.returnedB.returnsC.toreturnD.returning()9.A.have,goneB.have,beentoC.has,goneD.have,been()10.A.tohomeB.hometoC.homeD.homed专题十三：定语从句一．概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二.定语从句的关系词：引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why，等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、关系代词的用法： 1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Marylikesmusicthatisquietand··
·gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语） 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（which作主语） Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（which作宾语） 3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语或宾语，whom只用作宾语。Who和whom作宾语可省略。例如： ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who作主语） Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom作宾语） 注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。 PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。 （3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。 （4）关系词只能用that的情况： a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： IcanrememberthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5)引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如： Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。 （3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。配套习题：一．选择最佳答案填空： ()1.Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday? A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose ()2.That"sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what ()3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday? A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,··
·them ()4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar. A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen ()5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which ()6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who"sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich ()7.____cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho ()8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which ()9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister. A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was ()10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_____lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.Which()11.I"vereadallthebooks_____yougaveme.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that()12.Thereisn"tmuch____Icando.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how()13.Hekeepsarecordofeverything___hehadseenthere.A.heB.thatC.whichD.what()14.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____aredifferentfromours.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom()15.MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity___hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what()16.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone___Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that()17.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,____aconferencewastobeheld.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where()18.Isthisthemuseum__youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone()19.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear__NewChinawasfounded.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.where()20.Thisistheveryfilm__I"velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom()21.Thereisnodifficulty____can"tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what()22.Whoistheperson__isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom()23.Thiswasthesupermarket___Iboughtthiskindoftin.A.whereB.thatC.whoD.which()24.Thehouse___thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.wherC.whatD.when()25.Thisisthelasttime___Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what()26.Thehouseweliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that()27Myneighbursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,__wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom()28.All___glittersisnotgoldA.thatB.whichC.／D.what()29.InowknowwhyMaoimpresseseveryonewhomeetshimtheway____hedoes.A.whichB.whatC.／D.now()30.Beijing,___isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.A.thatB.itC.whichD.／()31.Shewasnolongerthewoman___shewas.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who()32.That"sthehotellastyear.A.whichwestayedB.atthatwestayedC.WherewestayedatD.wherewestayed()33.Thedoctordidall____tosavethewoundedboy.A.whathecouldB.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecouldD.forwhichhecoulddo()34.Anyone___thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst()35.Theplace___youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when()36.ou"vemadethesamemistake___youmadelasttime.A.asB.likeC.whichD.that()37.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine___Ithought.A.asB.thatC.whichD.／()38._____youknow,heisafamousmusician.A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.／()39.MrZhou,____nativelanguagewasChinese,couldreadandwriteseveralforeignlanguages.··
·A.whoseB.hisC.whichD.that()40.Doyouknowtheactor__yousawplayingHamletisnowdoingKingLear?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which()41.ItookmyfriendtotheSummerPalace,wehadsomephotostaken.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.／()42.Doyouremembertheday____yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?A.whichB.onwhichC.aboutwhichD.／()43.Thebus,_____wasalreadyfull,wassurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.whichofmostB.mostofwhichC.whichofthemostD.mostofthat()44.Weallrememberthedays____westudiedtogetheratschool.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.／()45.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn"tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.why()46.Ishowedthedoctortheplace____Ifeltthepain.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when()47.Heistheonlyoneofthethree___gotthenewidea.A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad()48.I"moneofthestudents_____wellinEnglishinmyclass.A.whodoesB.whodoC.whichdoesD.whodid()49.Thisisthebaby____tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter()50.Thisisthefastesttrain____isgoingtoNanjing.A.thatB.whatC.whereD.／二、请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek._______________________________________________2.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking._______________________________________________3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo._______________________________________________4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall._______________________________________________5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.______________________________________________________________6.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.______________________________________________________________7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.______________________________________________________________8.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.______________________________________________________________________________9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest._______________________________________________10.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied._______________________________________________11.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.13.Theboy,hismotherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.14.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors.15.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork.18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.··
·19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehairs?20.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagood timetogetheratthesea.第十四天教案-----中考单项选择专讲、专练.2005年天津市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷二、单项填空（）31.It’sverynice-youtogivemethechance.AofBforCtoDat（）32.Jackboughtusefulbook.Bookisalsoveryinteresting.Aan;TheBa;TheCan;ADa;A（）33.Billsaidtheywouldhaveholiday.Aatwo-monthBtwomonthsCtwo-monthsDtwo-month’s（）34.TomregardsTianjinashissecondbecausehehasbeenhereforovertenyears.AfamilyBhouseCroomDhome（）35.----whotaught___________French?-----Nobody.Shelearnedallby__________.Aherself;herBshe;herselfCher;herselfDher;she（）36.Studyhard,___________youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.AorBandCforDbut（）37.ThepopulationofTianjinis__________thanthatofShanghai.AlargerBlessCsmallerDfewer（）38.It’sraining_________.Wehavetostayathomeinsteadofgoingfishing.AbadlyBhardlyCheavilyDstrongly（）39.Againandagainthedoctor_________thecryinggirl,buthecouldn’tfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.··
·AlookedoverBlookedafterClookedforDlookedout（）40.Theflowers________everyday.Orthey’lldie.AmustwaterBcanbewateredCshouldwaterDmustbewatered（）41.Weareoftentold______atpeopleintrouble.AnottosmileBtosmileCnottolaughDtolaugh（）42.---whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?----I_______yet.Ahaven’tdecidedBwon’tdecideChavedecidedDdidn’tdecide（）43.Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.AwhatmanlookslikeBwhatwillmanlooklikeCmanwilllooklikewhatDwhatmanwilllooklike（）44.Thesportsmeetwillcontinue_____itrainsthisafternoon.AifBsinceCassoonasDunless（）45.Theyounglady_____wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.AwhatBwhoseCwhomDwhich2006年天津市初中毕业生英语试卷二、单项填空（）31.Atthefootofthehillyoucouldhearnothingbutthe_____oftherunningwater.A.shoutB.noiseC.voiceD.sound（）32.Yourdigitalwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy_____？Iwanttobuy_____，too.A.one；oneB.it；itC.it；oneD.one；it（）33.Heilongjiangisinthe_______ofChina.A.northeastB.northeasternC.northwestD.northwestern（）34.____aplayer，I"mlookingforward_____the2008OlympicGames.A.For；atB.As；toC.With；forD.Of；to（）35.Itwassnowinghard_______wehadtostayathomeandwatchTV.A.thatB.soC.butD.because（）36.TheexpertsthinkthatIndia"spopulationmaybe_______thanChina"s______2020.A.much；byB.more;inC.larger；byD.larger；on（）37.Itis______niceofyoutosayso.A.trulyB.trueC.reallyD.real（）38.一Doyou.Know_______ladyinblue?一Yes.Sheisateacherofauniversity.A.theB.aC.anD.不填（）39.WiththehelpoftheInternet，newscan_______everycorneroftheworld.A.arriveB.reachC.goD.get（）40.一Haveyoumendedyourshoes，Bob?一Yes，I______themtwentyminutesago.A.havemendedB.mendC.hadmendedD,mended（）41.Thiskindoffood_____cool,cleananddryaccordingtotheinstruction.A.shouldbecarriedB.mustbeputC.shouldbeplacedD.mustbekept（）42.It"simportant______thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying（）43.Iwanttoknow______dotohelpmyneighbour.A.whatIcanB.whatcanIC.howIcanD.howcanI（）44.Don"tbeafraidofaskingforinformation______itisneeded.A.whenB.afterC.althoughD.unless（）45.一Isthegirl______isinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?一Yes，sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whomB.whichC.whoD,whose天津市2007年初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷二.单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）（）31.—Whoissingingintheclassroom? —mustbeSusan.A.SheB.ItC.ThisD.He（）32.TheygotmuchontheInternet.A.photoB.ideasC.messageD.information（）33.Alotofmeetingswerebecauseofthedangerousdisease.A.turnedoffB.setoffC.putoffD.takenoff（）34.IhavejustheardontheradiothatNanjingRoadisjammedcars.A.inB.onC.withD.at（）35.Don’tgetoffthebusithasstopped.A.untilB.ifC.toD.for（）36.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives（）37.Remembertoe-mailme.Allofushopetohearfromyou.A.quicklyB.soonC.fastD.quick（）38.—Willyougettherebytrain? —No,I’lltaketaxi.A./;aB.a;theC./;/D.the;a（）39.Mrs.Liuiskindandalwaysherhelptoothers.A.sharesB.receivesC.makesD.offers（）40.Thebusierheis,thehefeels.A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.morehappy（）41.Inthepastfewyearstheregreatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are··
·（）42.It’sverynicepicturesforme.A.ofyoutodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawingD.ofyoudrawing（）43.—CanyouguesstheMP4playeryesterday? —Sorry,I’venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayforB.howcanhegetC.howmuchhepaidforD.howhehasgot（）44.ThisisIwanted.A.theonewhatB.whichC.onewhichD.theone（）45.Hemetmanyproblemshewasgoingoverhislessons.A.beforeB.assoonasC.sinceD.while2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷二、单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，计15分）（）31.—Ishere?—No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.everybody（）32.Mr.Smithlivesthatbuilding.Hishouseisthefifthfloor.A.in,onB.of,toC.on,inD.to,at（）33.Hey!Ifyouwanttofindaboutnewcartoons,havealookatthis.It’sgreat.A.timeB.websiteC.photoD.rock（）34.JackenjoyswatchingTV,whileTomisinterestedinlisteningtomusic.A.theB./C.aD.an（）35.BeforeMozartwas6,hetheviolin,pianoandorgan.A.carriedB.madeC.playedD.created（）36.LastweekImetmyfriendLiMingbutIforgothistelephonenumber.A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask（）37.TonygototheoperaonSaturdaybecauseheisgoingtohaveameeting.A.can’tB.mightC.mustn’tD.should（）38.Help!WangQianganaccident.A.washavingB.hadhadC.hashadD.willhave（）39.ThetelephonebyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.A.wasinventedB.hasbeeninventedC.isinventedD.willbeinvented（）40.Thealsowroteofbeautifulpiecesofmusicfortheorchestra.A.hundredB.sixhundredC.ahundredD.hundreds（）41.TheChiangJiangriverisabout6300kilometers.A.longB.tallC.wideD.high（）42.—Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatch?—Wonderful.Theyhaveneverplayed.A.bestB.betterC.worseD.worst（）43.—Canyoutellme?—Yesterday.A.whendidhebuythecarB.wheredidhebuythecarC.whenheboughtthecarD.whereheboughtthecar（）44.theyarrivedearlyattheairport,theynevermissedtheflight.A.IfB.becauseC.AssoonasD.although（）45.ThecamelIrodehadabadtemper,andIgottired.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.where第十四天教案-----中考完型填空专讲、专练··
·2005年天津市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷三．完形填空（共10小题；每题1分）Buildingahouseisanoperationwhichcostsquitealotofmoney.Supposeyouplanto46ahouse,yourfirststepistofindasuitablepieceof47,Youwillprobablytrytofindasunnyplace,ina48situation,nearstoresandbusstops,nottoofarfromyourfriendsandtheplacewhereyouwork.Nextyouwillfindan49builder.Andtogetherwiththebuilderyouwillmakea50,Thebuilderwilldrawit.Thebuilderwillalso51thecostofyourhouse.Hewillestimate(估计)thecostofthewood,theglass,andeverythingelsethathemustuseinbuildingthehouse.Lateron,whenhestartstobuild,thisestimatemust52,becausethepricesmaythepricesmay53,andmanyotherthingmayhappenbetweenthetimewhenhemakestheestimateandthetimewhenhebuildsthehouse.54thebuildergivesyouhisestimate,youmaywishtochangeyourplan.Youmayfindthatsomeofthethingsyouwantedatfirstcosttoomuch,orthatyoucan55alittlemoreandaddsomethingtoyouroriginalplan.()46.AbuyBdecorateCbuildDfind()47.AfloorBplaceClandDplayground()48.AmysteriousBsurprisedCpleasedDpleasant()49.AexcitedBexperiencedCinterestingDextra()50.AmapBplanCdecisionDdiscussion()51.AfindoutBcarryonCworkoutDworkon()52.AbecorrectedBbecopiedCbereadDbewritten()53.AswapBchangeCexistDinfluence()54.AWhenBWhileCUntilDSince()55.AcostBspendCtakeDpayfor2006年天津市初中毕业生英语试卷三、完形填空｛共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryistheworld.Itisover7，000kilometersfromthe46coast（海岸）totheeast.It47sixtimezones.48itis9a.m.inVancouveronthewestcoast，itisI：30p,m.inStJohn"sontheeastcoastEnglishandFrench49thetwomainlanguagesinCanada.About60percentof50peoplespeakEnglish,andabout25··
·percentspeakFrench.More5170percentofitspopulationliveincitiesneartheUSborder（边境）．Ottawaisthecapital.Everyyearmillionsoftouristsgothereto52museumsandtakepartinthecultural（文化的）activities.Torontoisthelargestcityofthecountry53about2.5millionpeople.Montrealis54secondbiggestFrench-speakingcityintheworld.ThemapleleafisthenationalsymbolofCanada.TheCanadianflaghasaredmapleleafonared55whitebackground.()46.A.westB.eastC.southD.north()47.A.isB.hadC.hasD.have()48.A.WhichB.WhatC.WhereD.When()49.A.areB.isC.willbeD.hasbeen()50.A.theirB.hisC.itsD.our()51.A.upB.overC.aboutD.than()52.A.seeB.visitC.lookD.find()53.A.withB.forC.fromD.at()54.A.aB.anC.theD.不填()55.A.orB.andC.butD.however天津市2007年初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷三.完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Manhasinventedfourkindsofsatellites.Thefirstkindofsatellitestudiesthe46oftheearth.Theyareusedtomakemaps.Theyalsohelpcountriestoseewheretheymay47oilorgold.Thesecondkindofsatelliteisusedtoguideshipsandplanes.Ashiporaplanecan48amessagetothesatellite,andsatellitecanfindout49theshiportheplaneis.Thethirdkindstudiestheweather.Thesesatellites50cloudsandstrongwindsmovingacrosstheearth.Theywarncountriestomakepreparationswhenvery51weatheriscoming.52kindisusedforcommunication.Telephonecalls53countriescanbesentbythesesatellites.Somecancarryhundredsofcallsatthesametime.Thecallissenttothesatellite,thenthe54sendsittoastationinthecountryandthiscountryisbeingphoned.Thesesatellitesalsocarrypictures;theycanreceiveandsendabouteight55atatime.()46.A.physicsB.chemistryC.biologyD.geography()47.A.carryB.findC.keepD.choose()48.A.writeB.takeC.sendD.bring()49.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.that()50.A.haveB.watchC.noticeD.see()51.A.sunnyB.coolC.badD.fine()52.A.ThelastB.AnotherC.OneD.Anyother()53.A.amongB.alongC.betweenD.of()54.A.TVB.telegraphC.telephoneD.satellite()55.A.playsB.programmesC.filmsD.languages2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）Thepictureshoweighteen–year-oldKatyRossinNepal,smallcountryinnorthIndia.Katy46school8monthsagoandsoonshewillgotouniversity.ShelovestravelinganddecidedtovisitAsia47shegoestouniversity.KatyislivingwithafamilyinthecapitalofNepal.Shehas48alotaboutthecountrysinceshearrived4monthsago.Thefamilyhastwochildrenbutmanyunclesandcousinslivewith49intheirbighouse.TheyhavetakenKatytomanyparties.Katyteachesforfourhoursadayatsmall50.AlltheclassesareinEnglishandthepupilshavespokenEnglishsincethe51ofsix.TheolderchildrenspeakEnglishvery52.Katyhastaughtwriting,grammarandart,allinEnglish.Sheenjoysartthemost.Andshethinksthechildrenlikethelessonsbest,too.Katyhasnotalotoftimeto53Nepal,butsoonshewillstopteachingandtravelaroundNepal54afriend.“Afterthat”Katysays,“wewillvisitmorecountriesinAsia.We’renot55whichonesyet.”()46.A.leftB.foundC.visitedD.reached()47.beforeB.whenC.afterD.while()48.A.usedB.taughtC.madeD.learnt()49.A.usB.himC.herD.them()50.A.shopB.cinemaC.schoolD.factory()51.A.lifeB.ageC.numberD.amount()52.A.hadB.goodC.fineD.well()53.A.seeB.hearC.lookD.smell()54.A.ofB.onC.withD.in()55.A.tiredB.sureC.afraidD.happy家庭作业：Whatisthebestwaytostudy?Thisisaveryimportantquestion.SomeChinesestudentsoften1veryhard2long··
·hours.Thisisa3habit(习惯),butitisnotabetterwaytostudy.Agoodstudentmust4enoughsleep,enoughfoodandenoughrest.Every5you6totakeawalkorplaybasketballorping-pongorsingasong.Whenyou7toyourstudies,you’llfindyourself8thanbeforeandyou’llleanmore.Perhapswecan9thatlearningEnglishisliketakingChinesemedicine,wemeanthatlikeChinesemedicine,theeffects(效果)ofyourstudy10slowlybutsurely.LearneverydayandeffectswillcomejustlikeChinesemedicine.（）1.A.playB.studyC.sleepD.think（）2.A.atB.inC.forD.with（）3.A.bestB.betterC.goodD.bad（）4.A.haveB.doC.wantD.make（）5.A.monthB.weekC.hourD.day（）6.A.wantB.hopeC.needD.wish（）7.A.beginB.returnC.goD.are（）8.A.strongerB.weakerC.strongD.week（）9.A.sayB.guessC.talkD.know（）10.A.returnB.comeC.giveD.get第十五天教案-----中考阅读理解专讲、专练2005年天津市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷··
·IfanAmericanissatisfiedwithyou,hewillputhisthumbandforefinger(食指)intoacircle.ThatmeansOK.ButinBrazil,theverysignisconsideredtoberude.InPoland,aguestusuallypresentsflowerstohishostess.Thenumbermustbeanodd(奇数)one.Besides,thehostessisn’texpectedtoremovethecoverofthebunchofflowers.Andusually,theredroseisasignoflove.Usuallywenodtoexpressouragreementandshakeourheadstoshowdisapproval(不赞成).TooursurprisethesebodymovementsmeantheoppositeinBulgaria(保加利亚).Thedifferencesincustomsandculturesintheworldarereallynoticeable.Weshouldlearnmoreaboutthemtoavoidembarrassment(窘迫),Then,wouldyoupleaseremember:WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.（）66.InPoland,ifamangivessomeoddredrosestoawomanasapresent,itmeansthathe____.A.willinvitehertoadinnerpartyB.hasnotbeeninlovewithherC.willinvitehertoapartyD.hasfalleninlovewithher（）67.IfaBrazilianputshisthumbandforefingerintoacircle,itshowsthathe_____you.A.willbefriendswithB.isnotbeeninlovewithherC.iswillingtohelpD.issatisfiedwith（）68.InPoland,itis_____forthehostesstoremovethecoverofthebunchofflowerssomebodyhaspresentedtoher.A.impoliteB.politeC.strangeD.popular（）69.InBulgaria,ifamannods,itmeansthathe_____withyou.A.willhaveatalkB.disagreesC.willshakehandsD.agrees（）70.Thesentence“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Meansthat______.A.weshouldlearnfromtheRomansB.weshouldworkastheRomansdoC.weshouldobeyitscustomswhenweareinaforeigncountryD.wehavebeenRomans2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷WhenIwas16yearsagoaboygavemeanimportantgift.Itwasasmile.Itwastheearlyautumnofmyfirstyearatajuniorhighschool,andmyoldschoolwasfaraway.Asaresult,nooneknewwhoIwas.Iwasverylonely,andafraidtomakefriendswithanyone.EverytimeIheardtheotherstudentstalkingandlaughing,Ifeltmyheartbreak.Icouldn’ttalkaboutanyonewithmyproblems.AndIdidn’tmyparentstoworryaboutme.Thenoneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends,butIsatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.Atthatmoment,aboyenteredtheclassroom.Ididn’tknowwhohewas.Hepassedmeandthenturnedback.Helookedatme,withoutaword,asmile.Suddenly,Ifeltthetouchofsomethingbrightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm.Thatsmilechangedmylife.Istartedtotalkwithotherstudentsandmadefriends.Daybyday,Ibecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.Theboywiththeluckysmilehasbecomemybestfriendnow.OnedayIaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthecouldn’tremembersmilingatme!Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseallthedarkdayshavegone.Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.Ifyouthinkitlonely,youmightalwaysbealone.Sosmileatworldanditwillsmileback.（）56.Whywasthesmileanimportantgift?A.Becausethewriter’soldschoolwasfaraway.B.Becausethewriterdidn’tknowwhotheboywas.C.Becausethesmiledidn’tmeananythingtotheboy.D.Becauseitmadethewriterfeelhappy,livelyandwarm.（）57.Thewriterdidn’ttalktoanyoneinhernewschoolaboutherproblembecause.A.shewasalwaysunhappyB.shedidn’thaveanyfriendsthereC.shewasinthefirstyearatthejuniorhighschoolD.shedidn’twantherparentstoworryabouther（）58.Howdidthesmilechangeherlife?A.Shestartedtomakefriends.B.Shebecamethebestfriendwiththeboy.C.Herparentsdidn’tworryaboutheranymore.D.Sherealizedthatshewaslonely.（）59.Wheredoesshenowthinkherfeelingofunhappinesscamefrom?A.Fromheroldschool.B.Fromherparents.C.FromherselfD.Fromherclassmateatthenewschool··
·Whenweaskedstudentswhattheywanttobe,theyoftentalkaboutunusualjobs,thingsliketeachersanddoctors.Butifyouthinkaboutit,manypeopledon’tplantodotheirjobs.Theyjuststartdoingthembyaccident.Wehavetalkedtotwopeoplewithunusualjobs.Emilyisadentistbutshedoesn’tworkwithpeople.Sheworkswithhorses.Afteruniversityshetookcareofanimal’shealthforseveralyears,butshenoticesthattherewerefewpeoplewhocouldhelphorses’teeth.Shedeicidetogotocollegeandstudyagain.Thenshehadtobuyspecialtools,butsheisneveroutofwork.She’dalwaysverybusytakingcareofhorses’teeth.“Icouldn’tbeadentistforpeoplenow,”Emilysaid,“becauseIreallyenjoyworkingwithhorses.”AssoonasDavidcouldread,hereadbooksaboutrobots,buttherobotshebuildtodaydon’tlooklikethestrangerobotpeopleinhisbooks.Hebuildrobotsforindustry.Earlyonehemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputerssothathecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering.“Someofthemathisverydifficult.”sayDavid,“butyoumuststudymathtobeanengineer.”Fortunatelyhegottopmarksinallhismathexams.（）60.Emilydoesn’twanttobeadentistbecause.A.thepayislowB.shehastobuyspecialtoolsC.shewillbeoutofworkD.shelikesworkingwithhorses（）61.Tobecomearobotengineer,David.A.needtoworryB.boughtalotofrobotsC.hadtostudyhardD.didn’thavetogotocollege（）62.Davidgottopmarksinallhismathexams,although.A.mathwasnoteasytostudyB.hehastostudymathtobeanengineerC.hecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineeringD.hemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputers阅读理解(判断正误)：1.ThanksgivingDayisonthelastThursdayofNovember.OnThanksgivingDay,peopleintheUSAgettogetherwiththefamilyandfriends.ThefirstThanksgivingDaywasin1621.ThanksgivingDayisadaywithmanytraditions.Peopleeatfoodsliketurkeysandpumpkinpies.OnThanksgivingDaytheysing,danceandplaygamesattheparty.ManyfamilieslikewatchingtheThanksgivingDayparadeonTV.Theyhaveagoodtime.()1.ThelastTuesdayofNovemberisThanksgivingDay.()2.Onthatday,thepeopleinAmericagotothepark.()3.ThanksgivingDayisadaywithalotoftraditions.()4.Manyfamilieslikewatchingballgames.()5.ThepeoplehavealotoffunonThanksgivingDay.2.TheDragonBoatFestivalisinMayorJune.Therearedragonboatraceseverywhere.Peopleoftengowatchingtheraces.Andpeopleusuallyeatricedumplingsonthatday.Wecallthemas"zongzi".Theyareoftenmadeofriceandmeat.Theyareverydelicious.LastDragonBoatFestival,Iwenttomyuncle"shouseandeatalotof"zongzi".AndIwatchedaveryexcitingdragonboatsracethere.()1.TheDragonBoatFestivalisinMay.()2.Peopleoftengowatchingthedragonboatsraceandeatricedumplings.()3."zongzi"isoftenmadeofriceandmeat.()4.LastDragonBoatFestival,Iwenttomyfriend"shouse.()5.Iatelotsofricedumplingsandwatchedaveryexcitingdragonboatsracethere.3.Amanisgoingtoseehisfriend.Hetakessomesandwicheswithhimbecausehisfriend"shomeisveryfar.Onhisway,hesaystohimself,"Myfriendisgoingtogivemeaverygoodlunch."Thenhethrowsthemaway.Hegoesonandcomestoariver.There"snoboatontheriver.Hecan"tcrossit.Hestartstogohome.Heisveryhungrynow.Andhetriestofindhissandwiches."Oh,mygod,Adoghasthem."Hequicklygoesup,butthedogrunsaway.Heisstillhungryandhegoesbackhome.··
·()1.Hisfriend"shomeisfar.()2.Hetakessomecakesonhisway.()3.Hecan"tfindaboatontheriver.()4.Themancan"tfindhissandwichesatlast.()5.Heisfullandhegoesbackhome.1.It"sMondaymorning.Timislateforschoolforalongtime.Whenhegetstoschool,histeacheraskshim,"Whathappenedtoyou?""Iwasrobbedonthewaytoschool."Timanswers."Oh,dear!Whatwereyourobbed?"theteacherasks."Onlymyhomework."Timanswerssadly.()1.Timgetstoschoolearly.()2.Timislateforclassforalongtime.()3.Theteacherwasrobbedonthewaytoschool.()4.Tim"smoneywasrobbed.()5.Timdoesn"tfinishhishomework.课文翻译：TheSecondWorldWarhadbegun,andJohnwantedtojointhearmy,buthewasonly16yearsold,andboyswereallowedtojoinonlyiftheywereover18.Sowhenthearmydoctorexaminedhim,hesaidthathewas18.ButJohn"sbrotherhadjoinedthearmyafewdaysbefore,andthesamedoctorhadexaminedhimtoo.Thisdoctorrememberedtheolderboy"sfamilyname,sowhenhesawJohn"spapershewassurprised."Howoldareyou?"hesaid."Eighteen,sir,"saidJohn."Butyourbrotherwaseighteen,too,"saidthedoctor."Areyoutwins?""Oh,no,sir,"saidJohn,andhisfacewentred."MybrotherisfivemonthsolderthanIam."译文：。第16天教案-----中考首字母填空专讲、专练··
·2005年天津市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷七、综合填空（共10小题；每小题1分）OnlyMotherLoveistruelove.Itgiveseverybodyeverythingallh(86)life.Whenyouarestillababy,mothertakesgoodcareofyouasp(87).Inyourw(88)hoursshealwaysholdsyouinherarms.Whenyouareill,shestopsherworkrightnowtolookafteryoudayandnighta(89)forgetsaboutherself.Whenyouaregrowingupdayb(90)day,shefeelsveryhappy.Whenyouareoldenoughtogotoschool,motherstilllooksafteryouallthetime.Oncoldwinterdays,shealwaystellsyoutoputonmoreclothes.Shealwaysstandsinthewindw(91)foryoubackfromschool.Whenyouhurrytoleavehomeforschoolwithlittlebreakfast,sheyoubackfromschool.Whenyouhurrytoleavehomeforschoolwithlittlebreakfast,shealwaysfeelsw(92)aboutyouathome.Sheusuallyknowsaboutyourstudyandspendsmuchmoneyonyourschoolthings.Whenyoudowellatschool,youwillseethebrightestsmileonherface.Motherisalwaysreadytogiveeverythingsheh(93)toherchildren,n(94)toreceive.Whattruelovethatisinthew(95)!WewillrememberMotherLoveforever!2006年天津市初中毕业生英语试卷··
·八、综合填空（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。Willitmatterifyoudon"ttakeyourbreakfast?Ashorttimeago，atestw（83）givenintheUnitedStates.Peopleofdifferenta（84），from12to83，wereaskedtohaveatest.Duringthetest，thesepeopleweregivenallkindsofbreakfastsands（85）theygotnobreakfastatall.Scientistswantedtoseehowwellt（86）bodiesworkedwhentheyhadhaddifferentkindsofbreakfasts.Theresultsshowthatifapersone（87）arightbreakfast，heorshewillworkbetterthanifheorshehasnobreakfast.Ifastudenthasfruit，eggs，breadandmilkb（88）goingtoschool，hewilllearnmorequicklya（89）listenmorecarefullyinclass.Theresultsa（90）showthathavingnobreakfastwillnoth（91）youloseweight.Thisisbecausepeoplebecomesoh（92）atnoonthattheyeattoomuchforlunch.Sotheywillgainweightinsteadoflosingweight.天津市2007年初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷八.综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。Knowinghowtouseacomputerisanessentialskillforeveryonew（81）wantstosucceedintoday’sworld.Onebasiccomputerprogramthateveryoneshouldlearntouseisthewordprocessingprogram.Mosttypesofwritingaree（82）producedwithawordprocessingprogram.Fore（83）,everyonemustsometimeswriteabusinessletter.Usingacomputerallowsyoutoarrange（整理、排列）andrearrangeinformationeasily,makingyourwritingmorec（84）andexactlycorrect.Wordprocessingprogramscanhelpyoucheckyours（85）andgrammar.Acomputermakesiteasytocorrectm（86）.Computerscanbeu（87）formuchmorethanwordprocessing,however.Otherareasarepicturedesign,programming,andcreatingnewg（88）.Jobsi（89）thecomputerfieldaregrowing,andstrongcomputerskillscans（90）youwellnowandintothefuture.天津市2008年初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷八、综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）根据短文及首字母提示，填写所确单词，使短文意思完整。Therearetwomainkindsofsports.Thesetwokindsofsportsareteamsportsandindividual(个人的)sports.Teamsportsaresuchasbaseball,basketballandv(81).Teamsportsr(82)twoseparate(独立的)teams.Theteamsplayagainsteachother.Theycompeteagainsteachotherinordertogethighs(83).Forexample,inafootballgame,ifteamAget7pointsandteamBget3points,teamAwinsthegame.Teamsportsaresometimesc(84)competitivesports.Besidesteamsports,thereisa(85)maintype,orkind,ofsportingactivities.Thisisindividualsports.Inindividualsports,thereisn(86)teams.Thereisn’tanycompetition.Peopleplayindividualsportsinordertogetexercise.Theydon’tplayindividualsportsforcompetition.G(87),theywanttogetsomeexercise,nottowinagame.Individualsportsaresuchsportsasswimming,skiing,andr(88).Ofcourseitispossibletocompeteinindividualsports.Itispossibletokeepascoreinindividualsports.Themaindifference,however,b(89)teamssportsandindividualsportsisthatindividualsportscanbeperformedalone.Teamsportsneedmorethano(90)person.家庭作业：Passage1Peoplefromallovertheworldregardtheirhealthasoneofthemostimportantthings.Tokeeph___________,somepeopledoexericseeverydaywhilesomepeoplehaveabalanceddiet.Differentpeoplehaved___________waysofkeepingfit.W__________yourways?Forme,itisnothardtobehealthy,thatis,h__________agoodmood(心境).Ononehad,nom__________whoyouare,nomatterhowoldyouare,youcannotalwaysbealuckyguyandyoumusthavedadsometroublesorbadexperiences(经历).Ifyoujuststayath__________,thinkingaboutyourtroubles,howcanyouhaveabalanceddietordailyexercise?Thenyouwillbeinbadhealth.Ontheo_________hand,doctorshavedonesomesurveys(调查)aboutmood.Theytellus··
·thatwhensomeoneisinab_________mood,hewillbecometoweaktokeepdiseases(疾病)away.That"sw__________peopleareeasiertocatchacoldwhenyouareunhappy.Soifyouwanttobereallyhealthy,donotf_________tobehapy.Passage2Onceuponatime,therewasafoxlivedinaforestwithherfivebabies.Onesummermorning,shet__________herbabiesoutforawalk.Thelittlefoxesweresoexcitedt_________theyplayedtogetherhappily.Atthes________time,alionwithherbabycame.Themotherfoxgreetedtothel_______andasked,"Oh,lookatyourlonelybaby.H_______poorheis!Whyn________havemorechildren,mydear?""Lookatmyhealtyandnumerous(大量的)childrenhere,andyoukown,ifyouarea_________tohavesomanychildren,whataproud(骄傲的)motheryouwillbe!"Thefoxadded.Theliona_______ithasmile,"Yes,Ihaveonlyonechild.Butjuntlookatyourbeautifulbabies.Whatarethey?Foxes!Howaboutm_________?Pleasedoremember,heisa_________lion."Passage3InBritaintheweatherenevergetstoohotortoocold.Thereisnotagrestdifferenceb_________summerandwinter.W________?Britainhasaw_________Winterandacoolsummerbecauseitisani___________country.Inwintertheseaiswarmerthanthel__________.Thewindsfromtheseab_________warmairtoBritain.INsunmmertheseaisc_________thantheland.Thewindsfromthes______bringcoolairtoBritain.Thewindsfromtheweatb_________overBritain.Britainhasalotofrainalltheyear.ThewestofBritainisweatterthanthee_________.Passage4Someonesaid,"Timeismoney."ButIthinktimeisevenm__________importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyiss________,wecangetitback.H__________,whentimeisgone,it"llneverreturn.Thatiswhywem_________wastetime.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthetimteisusuallyl____________.Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefullu_________ofourtimetodosomethinguseful.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotkowntheimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmokingandplaying.Theydonotkownthatw________timemeanswastingpartoftheirownlife.Inaw________,Weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn"tleavetoday"sworkf__________tomorrow.Rememberwehavenotimetol__________.Passage5MarkTwain,thefamousewinterandspeaker,likedtopalyjokesonothers.Butonceajokewasplayedo__________him.OnedayMarkTwaingavealectureinasmalltown.Atlunchayoungmant_________himthathisuncleneverlaughed.Nobodyandn__________couldmakeisunclelaugh.ButTwainsaidhewassurehecouldmakehiml___________.Heaskedtheyoungmantob_________hisuncletohishouse.ThateveningMarkTwaintoldsomeinterestingstories.Everyonetherelaughed,b_______theoldmanneverevensmiled.Twaintoldthefunnieststories,buttheoldmandidnotlaugh,e__________.Atlast,hestopped.Hewasveryt____________.Somedayslater,MarkTwaintoldafriendofh_________aboutthisstory.Hisfriendlaughedandsaidthatheknewthatoldman.Hewasd___________.Passage6TheoldOlympicGamesbeganaroundtheyear776BCinGreece.Manyofthesportswerethes__________astheyarenow.Butthenwomennotallowedtot______Partinthegames.Thef________OlympidGamesinmodrentimeshappenedin1896.Thewereh__________inGreece,w_________thegameswereborn.BoththeSummerandWinterOlympicsarehelde__________fouryears.TheWinterOlympicsareusuallyheldtwoyearsb____________theSummerOlympics.The24thSummerOlympicswereheldin1988inLosAngeles(洛杉矶).ThecompetitorsfromthePeople"sRepublicofChinaj__________inthegamesforthefirsttime.TheChinesecompetitorshaveownmanymedalss_________then.Butmostofthemedalswerewonbywomen.Wehopemenwilldothierb_______towinmoremedals.T:David第17天教案-----中考写作专讲、专练··
·中考英语作文预测-----十大考点：一.时事新闻,国家政策,家乡变化1.书面表达(本题15分)从2006年起，我国政府(govemment)让所有儿童都有机会免费入学，但很多乡村的儿童学习条件还很艰苦。假设你叫Sam,请给你们学校的学生会(StudentUnion)写一封信，提一些建议。要求语方通顺，建议合理，80词左右。（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；卷面整洁，书写工整）内容包括：阅读短文后，谈谈你的感想；建议学生会组织同学们为当地一所乡村小学筹款，增添图书和教学设备；希望乡村的孩子们能受到很好的教育，长大后为乡村服务。DearStudentUnion,Ihavejustreadanarticleon“HopeProject”inanEnglishnewspaper.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yourstruly,SamDearStudentUnionIhavejustreadanarticleon“HopeProject”inanEnglishnewspaper.AgirlnamedXiaoJuanwassopoorthatshecouldn’tgotoschool.HopeProjectmadeherwishofstudycometrue.Butdoyouknowtherearemanythousandsofchildrenwhocannotgotoschool.IthinkStudentUnionorganizethestudentsandraisemoneyforaprimaryschoolinthe··
·localvillage,andgiveawaysomebooksandTeachingequipments.Ihopethechildrentherecangetbettereducation,andworkforthevillagewhentheygrowup.Bestwishes!二.健康问题 健康问题是中考常考的话题，出题形式多样，有必要下苦功掌握。典型例句1.Itisveryimportanttokeephealthy。2.Howcanwekeephealthy?3.Wecan’tgotosleeptoolate.Wecan’tgetuptoolate。4.Weshouldeatthefoodhealthily。5.Weshoulddomoreexercise。6.LastTuesdayIgotacoldandhadapaininmyhead。7.Ididn’tfeellikeeatinganything。8.Idecidedtoseethedoctor。9.Inthedoctor’soffice,thedoctorlooksovermecarefully。10.Hesaid:"Nothingserious."Andhetoldmetotakearestanddrinkmorewater。11.Anursegavemeaninjection.Itwasalittlepainful。12.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday。13.Afewdayslater,Ifeltbetter.FromthenonIbelievethatkeepinghealthyisthemostimportantthingintheworld。1.书面表达。（15分）健康一直是人们关注的问题，我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会,请根据以下内容谈谈你的看法。(1)、保持健康的重要性； (2)、保持健康的方法：.多吃水果蔬菜；每天锻炼一小时；再睡早起；勤洗手； （3）、自己的看法（至少一条）。注意：1.文中不能出现校名和自己的姓名；2.内容可适当扩展。3.字数为60—80词；4.文章开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Boysandgirls,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thankyou.OnepossibleversionItisveryimportantforusstudentstokeephealthy.Therearemanywaystobehealthy.We’dbettereatmorefruitsandvegetables.Takeexerciseforatleastonehoureveryday.Weneedenoughsleepandrestsoitisimportanttogotobedearlyandgetupearly.Besides,weshouldwashourhandsasoftenaspossible.Inmyopinion,wemustn"tdrinkwineorsmoke.Theyarebadforourhealth.三.关于环境保护问题：环境保护问题是中考热门话题，出现频率高，难度较大，必须掌握。典型句子1. It’s our duty to save water2. As we know , water is very important to man, 3.we can’t live without water. 4.The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less. ··
·5.But some people don’t care about it .6.Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution. 7.It’sourdutytoprotectourenvironment。8.Itisveryimportanttotakecareofourenvironment9.Weshouldnotthrowlitterontotheground10.Weshouldnotspitinapublicplace/ cutdownthetrees11.Weshouldplantmoreflowersandtrees。12.Wemustpickupsomerubbishandthrowitintoadustbin13.Ifeveryonemakescontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful。15.Trees are very helpful and important for us. 17.We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future. It’s everyone’s duty to love and protect the environment.1.书面表达（满分15分）地球是我们人类共同的家园。“低碳、环保”已成为当今时代主题。目前，我市英语学会准备在全市中学生中开展以“Save(拯救）ourearth”为主题的英文征文活动。现请你根据以下三个方面的提示，写一篇70词左右的短文参评。1.重要性：只有一个地球2.主要问题：污染、疾病、灾难3.措施：停止污染、保护大自然参考词汇：disastern.灾难protectV.保护注意：(1)文中不能出现真实姓名、校名；(2)文章标题已给出，但不计入总词数；(3)可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。Let’sDoSomethingtoSaveOurEnvironmentItisrecentlyreportedthatsomeriversandlakeshavedriedupinSouthChina.Alotoffishesdied.Thebottomsoftheriversandlakeshavebecomegrassland.Thewaterisbecominglessandlessbecauseofthebadweather.Soeveryoneshoulddosomethingtosaveourenvironment.First,weshouldsaveeverydropofwater,suchasturningoffthetapsafterusingitandrecyclingthewater.Forexample,wecanwatertheplantsandcleantherestroomwithourusedwater.Second,weshouldsaveenergy,suchaslessturningonthelightsandturningoffthelightswhenweleave；domorewalking,morebicyclingandlessdrivingandsoon.Third,weshouldaskourgovernmenttocontrolthepollutionfromthefactories.Let’sactnowfromeverythingtosaveourenvironment.Don’tletourtearsbethelastdropofwaterintheworld!四.语言学习 ：这是中考中的老话题，近几年常考，形式多样。典型例句:1.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish。2.MorethanthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish。3.Itisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld。4.ChinahasjoinedtheWTOandtheOlympicGameswillbeheldinChina.Englishbecomesmoreandmoreuseful。5.SoEnglishisveryimportantandIlikeEnglishverymuch。6.WehavealotoffunintheEnglishclass。7.OurEnglishteacheroftenmakesushappyintheEnglishclass。8.IhopeIcangoabroadoneday,andthenIcanspeaktoforeignersinEnglish。9.IlikeEnglishandtrymybesttolearnit。1.书面表达（满分15分）假如你是张华，你的加拿大朋友Dave来信向你了解学习汉语的方法，清根据以下要点用英语写封回信。除以下外再提出一条建议。要点：1.加入汉语班学习，可向老师学习并与同学练习汉语；2.看中文电视、读中文书、报纸、杂志；3.听、唱汉语歌，有助于汉语词汇；··
·4.交中国朋友，即可练习口语又可了解中国。要求：1.要点齐全，可适当发挥；80词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2.文中不能出现自己的地址、姓名及所在学校名称。DearDave,I’mgladtogetyourletteraskingformyadviceonhowtolearnChinesewell.Hereismyadvice.First,Asaforeign,youneedtogoandjoinaChineselearningactivitygroup,the3mostimportantthingistorememberasmanyChinesewordsaspossible.Second,ifyouwanttoimproveyourlisteningability,you’dbetterreadChinesebooks,listentothetapesandradioprogramsinChinese.YoucanwatchtheChineseTVprogramsorDVDs.Third,youmakesomeChinesefriends.YourfriendscanteachyoualotofChinesesongsandintroducesomeChinesefestivalstoyou,too.Ithinkwewillhaveagoodtime.writetomesoon.YoursZhangHua五.写人记事篇：这是中考出项频率最高的话题，其特点是难度相对较小，学生都有话可写，但掌握一些基本句子和模仿范文对夺取高分非常必要。典型例句1.HisnameisJack。2.HewasborninLondonin1982。3.Heis1.68meterstallandweighs52kilos。4.Heis20yearsold。5.HecomesfromEngland。6.Heisagoodping-pongplayer。7.Heismediumbuild。8.Hehasshorthair。9.Heisoutgoing.Everyonelikestotalkwithhim.Hegetsonwellwithus。10.HeteachesEnglishverywell。11.Heworksveryhard.HeworksinNo.5MiddleSchool。12.Heloveswatchingfootballgamesafterwork。13.HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish。14.Attheageofsix,hebegantoplaytabletennis。1.书面表达(本题15分)紧张而又忙碌的初中生活即将结束，请以“Myunforgettable(难忘的)MiddleSchoolLife”为题写一篇短文。短文首句已给出。要求：1.文中不得出现真实人名和校名等相关信息；2.词数80-100.短文题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：learn,spend,beinterestedin,bebusywith，MyUnforgettableMiddleSchoolLifeHowtimeflies!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Howtimeflies!Mymiddleschoollifeiscomingtoanend.Ican’tforgetthehappytimethatI’vespentwithmyclassmatesandteachers.Atschool,Iambusywithmystudies.I’minterestedinEnglish,becausemyEnglishteacher,MissWang,iskindandhelpful.··
·Ilikeplayingbasketballandreadingbooks.Afterclass,Ijoinsomeclubsatschool.Inthisway,I’vegotmoreknowledgeandimprovedmylife.Ilearnhowtofacedifficulties,andIalsolearnhowtogetonwellwithfriends.Myschoollifeismeaningfulandcolorful.Inaword,itisunforgettable,isn’tit?六.旅游和介绍地方篇七.新生事物评价八.梦想和未来九. 烦恼篇十.社会准则,公共道德（开学继续讲）2013/7/10（完稿）T:David结业考试试卷--------2011年天津市初中毕业生学业考试Name：Marks：一、单项填空（共15分）从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()31.FormyhomeworkIhavetowritea(n)aboutthewondersoftheworld.A.musicB.pictureC.compositionD.exam()32.Weusuallygotoschoolonweekdays,andsometimesgotocinemaatweekends.A.不填;theB.the;theC.the;不填D.不填；不填()33.—Isthisruler?—No.isoverthere.A.her;HerB.her;HersC.hers;HersD.hers;Her()34.Isomeofmyfreetimeplayingbasketballformyschoolteam.A.spendB.costC.takeD.pay()35.DoyouthinkmathsisthanEnglish?A.difficultB.asdifficultC.moredifficultD.mostdifficult()36.MygrandmotheralotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.A.seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseen()37.Ifitisdark,thelights,please.A.pickupB.lookatC.turnonD.playwith()38.Tom’smothertoldhimeatingtoomuchmeat.A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped()39.Todayalotofinformationcanonline.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving()40.—WillyoupleasegivethedictionarytoJane?—Sure.I’llgiveittohershearriveshere.A.beforeB.untilC.becauseD.assoonas()41.I’dliketobuyabigandmodernhouse.,Ihopeit’sinaquiteneighborhood.A.AfterallB.AboveallC.AsaresultD.Atthatmoment()42.—Ihopeyou’llhaveagoodjourney.—.A.WelldoneB.Don’tmentionitC.CertainlyD.Thankyouverymuch()43.We’llplanttreestomorrow,andIdon’tknowTomwillcomeandjoinus.A.ifB.whichC.whatD.where()44.Johnistheboylegswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which()45.—I’msorryIbrokeyourcoffeecup.—.A.You’rewelcomeB.Idon’tknowC.You’rerightD.Itdoesn’tmatter二、完形填空（，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。NormanBethuneisoneofChina’smostfamousheroes,buthewasn’tChinese—hewasCanadian.Hegavehislifetohelping··
·Chinesepeople.NormanBethune46bornin1890.Hebecamea47in1916,andhewenttothefronttolookafterinjuredsoldiersintheFirstWorldWar.Hesawmanysoldiersdieinthewar.Laterheinventednewtreatmentsto48soldiers,andmedicaltoolstouseoutsidehospitals.In1938hecametoChinatotreattheChinesesoldiersinthemountainsnorthofYan’an.Therewere49doctors,sohehadtoworkveryhard.Heopenedhospitalstogivetreatmenttolocalpeopleandsoldiers,andtotraindoctorsandnurses.Healsowrotebookssothatdoctorscanlearnaboutnewtreatments.DrBethuneworkedveryhardwithoutstoppingto50.Once,heperformedoperations5169hourswithoutstopping,andsaved112people.He52workinginspiteofcuttinghishandduringanoperation.Intheend,hediedbecausehedidnottakecareofhis53.DrBethune’sworkwiththeChinesesoldiersmade54aheroinChina.Therearebooksandfilmsabouthim,andheis55rememberedinbothCanadaandChina.()46.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.be()47.A.doctorB.nurseC.teacherD.worker()48.A.understandB.believedC.helpD.count()49.A.littleB.fewC.muchD.many()50.A.restB.actC.withD.for()51.A.fromB.sinceC.withD.for()52.A.allowedB.continuedC.forgotD.stopped()53.A.faceB.legC.footD.hand()54.A.hisB.heC.himD.one()55.A.stillB.neverC.hardlyD.regularly三、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(MeganandKylearetalkingbeforeclassbegins.)Megan:Hey,Kyle,areyoureadyforthebigtesttoday?Istudiedthatlistofwordsandthedefinitions(释义)fortwohourslastnight.Kyle:Oh,butIdidn’tstudyatall.Ijustwrotealltheanswersonthepalm(手掌)ofmyhand,see?Megan:Kyle!Youcan’tdothat!That’scheating(作弊)！Kyle:Hey,don’tworry.Iwon’tbecaught.MrsKingwillneverknow.(MrsKingcomesinandpassesoutthetestpapers.)MrsKing:Okay,nomoretalking.Youmaybegin.(Kylelookssthishandwhentheteacherisn’tlooking.)Joe:(raisinghishand)MrsKing,mayIhaveadrink?Ihavethehiccups(打嗝).MrsKing:Yes,youmay.Kyle:(raisinghishand)MrsKing,mayIgetadrink,too?MrsKing:Kyle,whatisthatonyourhand?Ithinkyouhadbettercometomydesk.Kyle:Ohno…(Afterthis,Kylerealizeshismistakeandnevercheatsinexamsagain.)()56.Wheredidthestorypossiblytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthelibrary.C.Ontheplayground.D.Inthereadingroom.()57.WheredidKylewritetheanswers?A.Onhisdesk.B.Inhisnotebook.C.Megantoldhisclassmateseverything.D.JoetoldMrsKingaboutKyle’scheating.ManystudentsaskforadviceaboutimprovingtheirEnglish.Therearethreebasicquestions.ThefirstquestionisaboutrealEnglish.LiHaofromHubeiwrote,“IenjoywatchingEnglishfilmsandlisteningtorealEnglishsongs.Butittakesalongtime.Whatdoyouthink?”ThisisagreatwaytolearnEnglish!Talkaboutthefilmorsongwithyourfriends,andguessthemeaningofthenewwords.Justenjoyyourself!Thesecondquestionisaboutspeaking.Sam,fromSuzhouwrote,“Ourschoolhasaforeignteacher.ButI’mshyandcan’tspeaktoher.WhatshouldIdo?”WhenIvisitChina,lotsofpeopleinthestreetsay,“Hello!Howareyou?Whereareyoufrom?DoyoulikeChina?”Thesearegoodquestionstostartaconversation.ManypeopleareshywhentheyspeakEnglish,sobeforeyoubegin,takeadeepbreathandsmile!Smilingalwayshelps.Thethirdquestionisaboutvocabulary.Olive,fromAnhuiwrote,“Iwanttorememberallthenewwords.Iwrotethemdown,butIforgetthemquickly.WhatshouldIdo?”Trytoremembereightorninewordsaday.Writethemonpiecesofpaperandplacetheminyourbedroom.Saythewordswhenyouseethem,andchangethemeveryday.Andwhenyou’reshopping,howaboutcountingtheEnglishwords,orsayingtheEnglishnamesforeverythingyousee?()59.Howmanybasicquestionsdothestudentsoftenask?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.()60.WhatshouldyoudoifyouareshytospeakEnglish?A.WatchEnglishfilms.B.Writedownthewordsfirst.C.ListentorealEnglishsongs.D.Takeadeepbreathandsmilebeforeyoubegin?()61.WhatisOliver’sproblem?A.He’stooshytotalkwithothers.B.He’snotabletocountEnglishwords.C.Hecan’tremembernewwords.D.Hedoesn’tknowwhatrealEnglishis.()62.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?··
·A.HowtolearnEnglishB.TalkingaboutEnglishfilmsC.AdviceaboutEnglishwritingD.ThewayofbeginninganEnglishconversationIsitatree?Isitabear?Ifyou’relookingatatreeintheshapeofabear,it’satopiary(林木雕塑).Atopiaryisatreeorabush(灌木)thatistrainedintoashape.Growingatopiarygardentakesbothtimeandskills.Atopiarygardenershouldmakeadrawingfirst.Thedrawingshowsthefinalshapethatthegardenerlikes.Thegardenerthenchoosesabushforthetopiary.Itmaybeonethatjustplantedoronethatisalreadyinplace.InJuneoftheplant’sfirstyear,thegardenerlooksfornewleaves.Whentheleavesgrow,it’stimetoshape(给……造型)thebottomofthebush.Itneedsaboutfiveyears.Thetopisnottrimmedduringthistime.Inthefifthyear,thebushgrowstallenoughforshaping.Thenthegardenerbeginstoshapethewholebush.Onceatopiaryhasbeenstarted,itneedscareallyear.Inthesummeritmustbecutmanytimestokeepitsshape.Thiscuttingalsohelpsthebushgrow.Inthewinterthebushesdon’tgrow.Thegardenershavetobrushsnowoftheplants,orsnowmayhurtsomepartsofthem.Topiarygardeningisveryoldart.TheRomansdiditinthefirstCentury.Inthesixteenthcentury,peopleinEuropeliketopiariestoo.Bythelate1600s,topiarieswerealsogrowninAmerica.Todayit’spopularinmanypartsoftheworld.()63.Putthefollowingintherightorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Thegardenerchoosesabushforthetopiary.b.Thewholebushgrowstallenoughforshaping.c.Thegardenerbeginstoshapethebottomofthebush.d.Thegardenerdrawstheshapeofatopiary.A.d→a→b→cB.b→c→a→dC.a→d→c→bD.d→a→c→b()64.Inwhichpartoftheworlddidthetopiarygardeningbeginfirst?A.InRome.B.InEurope.C.InAmerica.D.InAfrica.四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。66.我叫醒了大明，让他早点起床。IDamingandaskedhimtogetupearly.67.如果你想保持身体健康，就不要放弃锻炼。Don’texerciseifyouwanttostayfit.68.我们究竟能为改善环境做些什么呢？Whatcanwedotoimproveourenvironment?69.每年都有数以百万计的人观看莎士比亚的戏剧。Shakespeare’splaysareseenbypeopleeveryyear.70.如果你对这个俱乐部感兴趣，请填写这张申请表.Ifyouareinterestedinthisclub,pleasethisapplicationform.五、综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。BillandSimonweregoodfriends.Onesummertheywereonh.TheywantedtosailaroundtheCaribbeanSeaintheirboatfortwoweeks.Duringtheirtrip,theysawmanywhales.BillandSimonwereveryebecausetheyhadwantedtoseethemverymuch.Unluckily,wtheywerewatchingthem,thewhalesbegantohitthesideoftheboat.Suddenly,wstartedcomingin,andtheyrealizedthattheywereintrouble.Theyqjumpedintothelifeboatbeforethesank(沉没),andwatcheditdisappearunderthesea.Luckily,theyhadenoughfoodandwaterforabouttwentyd.Theyalsohadafishinglineandamachinewhichcouldchangeseawateridrinkingwater.Thesetwothingshelpedthemtosurvive(存活)duringtheirterribleexperience.Forthenextfiftydaystheycaughtabouttenfishadayandathem.Theysawabouttwentyships,butalthoughtheywavedandshoutedwhentheshipswerepassing,nsawthem.Theywerebecomingweakerandweaker.Then,justastheywerebeginningtolhope,afishingboatsavedthem.六、书面表达（本大题共15分）假如你是某中学的一名学生。6月3日，是星期五，在放学回家的公交车上，你所经历的一件事让你印象深刻。请你根据以下要点用英语写一篇日记。要点：1.一位老爷爷和十来岁的孙子上了车，老人拿着书包和小提琴；2.你给老人让座，老人的孙子却坐了下来，老人只得站在旁边；3.孩子大声喊着向老人要水喝，并将空水瓶扔到车上；4.你认为孩子应该尊敬、照顾老人，保持环境卫生。参考词汇：孙子grandson空水瓶emptybottle保持……干净keep…clean··
·要求：1.词数：80~100个。2.日记开头已给出，不计入总词数。3.要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。June3,FridayFineOnmywayhomeonthebus,Isaw··
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