初中英语语法全解全练：中考英语语法专项复习定语从句 8页

中考英语语法专项复习定语从句思维导图记知识点定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目，同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点。综观近年来各地的中考英语试题，定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面：一是考查指物的关系代词的用法，二是考查指人的关系代词的用法。另外，它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面，但相对考得比较少。who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语（口语中也可做宾语），修饰表示人的先行词whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语，修饰表示人的先行词whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词lhat引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词由when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语由where引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行扁，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语一、定语从句概述:在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,thato引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why。关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。二、关系代词的用法 1、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语（口语中也可做宾语），修饰表示人的先行词。2、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语，修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。（固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后olookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff...）3、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。4、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.（that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which）5、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。三、关系副词的用法1、由when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.（介词+which可以代替when）2、由where引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.（介词+which可以代替where）3、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.（for-I-which可以代替why）Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathewasill.四、关系代词的主谓一致关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。ThestudentwhoisgoodatEnglishstudieshard.ThestudentswhoaregoodatEnglishstudyhard.五、只能用Ihnl的情况小结：1.在there+be的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要读的有两本小说。2.当先行词为主句的表语 Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.这就是昨天买的书。3.以Hereis（are）开头的句子时。Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。4.Itis(high)time+定语从句中。Itistimethatweshouldhavearest.我们应该休息了。5.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者inwhich在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。7.当先行词被thelast,thevery和theonly修饰时。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的钢笔。&在强调句子中，并且以who,which,what开头时。Whowasitthatwaslost?究竟是谁迷路了？9.当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfo匚你是我要见的第一个人。10.当先行词被all,every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修饰时，ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.这就是我在会上要说的。11.当先行词既指人又指物时。TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.12.当先行词为anythingseverything>nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时，用which或者that均可。EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。13.当先行词是疑问代词who时。Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？六、定语从句分类定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义 就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词(不用逗号隔开)如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.①非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。ThiswastheAmericanCivilWar,whichlasted4yearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend. 考点一：考查指物的关系代词的用法典例1一Whatareyoulookingfor?一I"mlookingfortheringmyhusbandboughtmelastyear.（山东滨州中考题）A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it【解析】考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词ring（戒指）是“物"，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that,故选A。【答案】A举一反三1.Peopleoftenlikeclothescanmakethemlookyoung.（湖南株洲中考题）A.whenB.whoC.that2.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarymyfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue•（江苏母j京中考题）A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that3.Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresentwouldbesenttohisteache匚（呼和浩特中考题）A.whoB./C.whatD.that考点二：考查指人的关系代词的用法当先行词为指人的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应用that,who,whomthat和who可用作主语或宾语，而whom只用作宾语。这是各地中考英语命题涉及相当多的一个知识点（从数量上看，比考查指物的关系代词的用法要少一些）。如：典例2:Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.（山东泰安中考题）A.whoB.whichC・whoseD・whom【解析】考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词people（人们）是“人"，同时关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以要用who,故选A。【答案】A举一反三1.Moststudentsliketheteachersunderstandthemwell.（浙江嘉兴中考题） A.whoB.whenC・whatD.which1.Successwillbelongtothoseneversay“impossiblc,（河南中考题）A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which2.—Doyouknowthegirlishelpingtheoldwoman.一Oh,thafsmysister.（贵州黔东南州中考题）A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.where考点三：考查关系副词的用法典例5:ThisistheprimaryschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago•（四川宜宾中考题）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which【解析】由于受定语从句修饰的名词theprimaryschool（小学）表示地点，所以定语从句用where来引导（同时where在定语从句中用作地点状语）。句意为：这就是我三年前就读的小学。【答案】A举一反三1.Therewillbeaflowershowintheparkwevisitedlastweek•（广东中考题）A.whoB.whereC.whatD.which2.1stillrememberthetimewespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear.（湖北黄石中考题）A.whenB.whatC.whoD.which考点四:综合考查关系代词和其他知识典例4:.—DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?—No,Iprefersongsloud.（四川达州中考题）A.thatisB.whichisC.thatareD.whatare【解析】由于先行词songs指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词可用that或which,但A、C均符合此要求，而不同的是，它们后面所接的谓语动词不同。那么到底该用is还是“re呢？同学们此时就要注意先行词是单数还是复数了。对于此题而言，由于先行词songs是复数，所以其后定语从句的谓语也要用复数，故选C。【答案】C举一反三1•Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacherhappenedinourschoollastweek.（湖北咸宁中考题）A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what2.（2017-辽宁丹东-40）Mycousinisaboylotsoftroubletohisparents. A・whobringB・whichbringsC.whobringsD.thatbring真题在线■BbhI■1・（2017•四丿H成都・39）AkindofsharedbikeiscalledbluegogoisgettingmoreandmorepopularinChengdu・A.itB.whoC.which2.（2017-湖南岳阳・28）WeshouldlookuptothosescientistssentTianzhou-1CargoSpaceship（天舟一号货运飞船）lospace.A.whichB.whoC・what3.（2017•山东滨州-32）rdliketotellyouaboutthetablemannersyoushouldknowwhenyouvisitFrance・A.whichB.whoC.whatD・how4.（2017•山东临沂•28）RoaldDahlwasagreatchildren"swriter.Hisdarkpasthelpedhimpaintapicturewasdifferenttomostotherwriters.A.thatB.whoC./D・whom5.（2017-山东泰安・33）YesterdayM匚Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhousehewasbornin.A.whichB.whereC・whatD.it6.（2017-福建•34）—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReaderyonCCTV?—Sure.It"sagreatTVprogrammebringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic・A.whoB.thatC・what7.（2017-河南・33）1hatethedogsliveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.A.whoB・thatC-whatD.whom8.（2017-吉林-29）OdetoJoy（欢乐颂）isaTVplaymanypeoplelike.A.whyB.thatC.who9.（2017-贵州黔西南・22）1knowtheladyissingingoverthere.SheisourChineseteacher.A.whichB・whoC・whomD・whose10.（2017-广西来宾・45）IliketheTVshowsmakemelaughhappily.A.whoB.whatC・whomD・that11.（2017-辽宁丹东・40）Mycousinisaboylotsoftroubletohisparents.A・whobringB.whichbringsC.whobringsD・thatbring12.（2017-辽宁营口•10）—Doyouknowtheboyisunderthetree?一Oh,heismycousin. A.whoB.whoseC・whomD.which2.（2017-四川资阳・30）—Doesanyoneknowthefamousscientistwasborn?一Iknow!InNewYork.A.whenB・whyC・whetherD.where3.（2017-湖北咸宁・31）一CCTVhasproducedaTVshow—ChinesePoetryCompetition.Haveyouseenit?一Sure.WuYishuJ6,studiesaltheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoFudan,isthewinne匚A.whichB.whereC・whoD.whom15・（2017•甘肃天水•34）TuYouyouisthewomanusedtheplant"sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.A.whichB.whoC・whoseD./Key:l-5:CBAAA6-10:CBBBD11-15:CADCB1.Thisisaheartwarmingstoryaboutaboysavedhismother"slife.A.whichB.whoC・whoseD.whom2.Accordingtoasurvey,peopleareabletospeaktwolanguagescanmanagetwothingsatthesametimemoreeasily.A.whichB.whomC・whoseD.who3・一TomusuallyhelpsotherswithmathproblemandMr.Lioftenpraiseshimforit.—Iagree.Astudentisalwayshelpingothersisworthpraise.A.whomB.whichC・whoD・whose1.—WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVprogrammecalledReaders?一Wonderful!ItisthebestprogrammeIhaveeverwatched.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.who2.JourneytotheWestisabookinfluencesteenagersalot.Itisverypopula匚A.whoB.whenC・whichD.what3.—HaveyouheardofHanselandGretel?——Yes・Hanselisasmartboyoftencomesupwithagoodidea・A.whoB.whomC・whereD.which7.Sheoftenparkshercarnearthehouseshecaneasilygetto.A・whereB.whoC・whichD・what&一Whyareyousoworried?一I"velostthewatchmydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A.whatB.whoC・whoseD.whichKey:BDCDCACD