初中英语语法全解全练：中考英语语法专项复习代词 18页

中考英语语法专项复习代词代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。中考考纲中主要考查：人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;常见不定代词的一般用法;指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;相互代词的基本用法;疑问代词的基本用法。关系代词的基本用法。卷面中代词所占分值约为4-6分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、语法填空、翻译、任务型阅读及写作中。知识梳理一.人称代词思维导图记知识人称代词第一人称耳第二人称主格复数迂丁〈宾格US主格I单数―《宾格me主格you复数/~z~you主格you单数》亠"~^ou主格they复数X/〈宾格them第三人称王俗ncsneii单数~TT〈冥格himherit三种人称代词并列时顺序单数:二三一(You，she/henndI)复数:一二三(we,youandthey) 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语.Heteaches(we)Chinese.2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为：单数:二，三，一(You,she/heandI)复数:一，二，三(we,youandthey)注:若把责任担，第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时，把第一人称放在最前面.)SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.注：it还有一些特别的用法。1）用作形式主语，常用于“It"s+adj.+todosth.”句型中.2）用在句型:"Itseemsthat..."中.3）用在句型："It"sone"sturntodosth"中.4）用在句型："It"stimetodosth/forsth”中.5）用在句型：“It"s+adj.+that从句”中.6）用作形式宾语，用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj.（名词）+todosth.二•物主代词 思维导图记知识第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词£数my〈复数our、名词性物主代词单数mine〈复数ours形容词性物主代词g/单数your复数your单数yours名词性物主代词◎/«yours单数its/his/her形容词性物主代词辽莎聞单数its/his/hers名词性物主代词碍 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1・形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2.名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of连用。(l)Ourclassroomisasbigas(they)•②Thisisafriendof(my).Key:theirs,mine注：1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.(名词性的物主代词二形容词性的物主代词+名词)2)形容词性的物主代词与own连用时，后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.Myownhouse=ahouseofmyown三•反身代词思维导图记知识反身代词单数myself第一人称€复数ourselves单数yourself弟一人称、复数yourselves单数himselfherselfitself第三人称复数themselves单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门:反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加self•其余都要物主加self；复数ves来把f替.反身代词的常用搭配:enjoyoneself,hurtoneself,teachoneself=learn.・.byoneself（自学）,byoneself（靠自己）=onone"sown,helponeselfto（随便口乞）、lookafteroneself,leavesb.byoneself（把某人单独留下）,saytooneself（自言自语）、foroneself、dressoneself、improveoneself四•指示代词 1.近指：thisthese远指：thatthose2.用法：l)that、those常用来代替前面出现的人或物，以避免重复.，That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词.Those代替复数名词。TheweatherinGuangdongishotterthaninQinghai.Thebooksinthatshoparecheaperthaninthisshop.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.thoseKey:BD2）this,that可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.Hehadabadcold,thatiswhyhedidn^tcome.3）在电话用语中,this代替自己，而that代替对方.ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat? 五・普通不定代词的区别Lone与it的区别One代替同类事物中的一种.而it代替上文中出现的某事物.Thisbookisagoodone・MayIborrowit?2.some与any的区别（一些）一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句，条件句中。但在表委婉语气或表建议的疑问句中，仍用some代替any.常见于could/would/May/Can开头或whatabout/howabout等句中。MayIhavesomewater?Heaskedmeforsomepaper,butIdidn"thaveany.3.many与much的区别（许多的、大量的）Many+可数名词的复数，Much+不可数名词，都相当于alotof/lotsof+复数名词/不可数名词注:alotof不能用于否定句中.否定句中用many/much.4.afew/few/alittle/little的区别表否定（几乎没有）表肯定（有一点/几个） 修饰可数名词fewafew修饰不可数名词littlealittle【同步练习】①Jimmycan"tbuyanythingnowbecausehehasmoneywithhim.②Thispassageisverydifficult.peoplecanunderstandit.③IsyourfriendFrankstillinEngland?Idon"tknow.Ihaveinformationabouthimbecausewehavensseeneachotherforyears.④一Hurryup!Themovieisbeginning.——Don"tworry.Thereisstilltimeleft.⑤Thestoryiseasytoread・Therearenewwordsinif.Key:little,Few,little,afew;alittle;few2.each/every的区别(每一个)each表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.【同步练习】©Therearetreesandflowersonsideofthestreet.②studenthasreadastory.Key:each,Every注:each可以与of连用,eachof作主语时，谓语动词用单数.而every不能与of连用.只能放在名词前作定语.【同步练习】Eachofus(study)hard・Key:studies3.noone与none的区别noone表示没有人，不能与of连用.而noneof+复数名词/代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.【同步练习】Theboyswerealltired,butofthemstoppedtohavearest.Key:none7.both/neither/either/all/none/any的区别都不任何一个两者之间bothneithereither 三者或三者以上allnoneany【同步练习】Therearemanytreesonsideoftheriver.A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.allKey:C注：1).both的否定词是neither,all的否定词是none.2).bothof作主语时，谓语动词用复数.neitherof作主语时，谓语动词用单数.【同步练习】(l)Neitheroftheanswers(be)right・②Bothofmyparents(be)workers.Key:is,are3).相关词组①both...and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数.同义词组:notonly...butalso...反义词组：neither•…nor...NotonlyyoubutalsoshelikeswatchingTV.=BothyouandshelikewatchingTV.②either...or...或者或者,neither...nor...既不也不连接两个主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则.【同步练习】©Neitheryounorhe(be)right.②OneofLilyandLucyisgoingtothepark・=LilyLucyoingtothepark.Key:is,Either,orjsC)either也可用于否定句末，表示“也"。D)neither也可表示“也不",用于倒装句:neither...sb.某人也不怎么样.Ifyoudon"tgothere,neitherI.(我也不去)Key:will4)howmany/howmuch等提问数量:用none回答。 Who的回答:用noone回答。What的回答:用nothing回答。Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?_None•Whocananswerthequestion?.A.NoneB.NooneC.NothingKey:8.everyone与everyone的区别everyone每个，人人，大家不与of连用everyone每个人、物可与of连用Everyoneofushasseenthefilm.Everyoneshoulddotheirbest.六•复合不定代词的用法someanynoeverythingsomething某事anything任何事nothing没有事everything每件事onesomeone某人anyone任何人noone没有人everyone每人bodysomebody某人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每人注：1•复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数・。2.形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。1.动词不定式修饰不定代词时，动词不定式放在不定代词之后。2.复合不定代词用于反意疑问句中，1)指人的不定代词，其反义疑问句中的主语用he或lhey.2)指物的不定代词，其反义疑问句中的主语用it.3.any,anything,anyone,anybody也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何/任何物/任何人"Everythingbegins(begin)togrowinspring,_docsrftit?Isthere_anything_interesting(一些有趣的事)intoday"snewspaper?Iwantsomething_to_eat(eat).六.相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作宾语）Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（作宾语）Weoftenborroweachother"s/oneanother"sbooks・（作定语）Thestudentscorrectedeachothers/oneanother^mistakesintheirhomework.（作定语）七.other，theother,others,theothers与anotherother其他的（泛指，可修饰名词）theother另一个（特指两者中的另一个）；one...theother...一个另一个others其余的；别的（泛指，表示除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩余的全体）；some...others…一此另一此（others=other+名词复数）theothers其余的；别的（特指，指一定范围内除去一部分人或物后，剩余的全部人或物）（theothers=theother4-名词复数）another再一个；另一个（泛指三者或三者以上中的人或物中的另一个）；oneanother（=eachother）互相Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?你还有其他问题吗？Shehastwosons.Oneisateacher;theotherisanengineer.她有两个儿子，一个是老师，另一个是工程师。Someofuslikesinginganddancing;otherslikedrawing.我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，还有的喜欢画画。cTwogirlsinourclasswillgotothepark、andtheotherswillgotothezoo.我彳门班里两个女孩将去公园，其余的将去动物园。【同步练习】•用other,theother,others,another填空.①.1foundoneofyourshoes,butIcouldnYfind・②.一Thecakeissodelicious!CanIhavepiece,please?—ertainly.Hereyouare.③.LiHuaistallerthananyboyinhisclass.④.ThestudentsofClassOnearecleaningtheclassroom.Somearecarryingwaterwhilearesweepingthefloor.⑤.SinceyouYebusytoday,Fllcomeagainsomeday.⑥.1havetwobrothers.Oneisateacher,isanacto匚Key:theother,another,other,other,theother八.疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主语） Whatisthat?（作表语）Whoseumbrellaisthis?（作定语）Whomareyouwaitingfor?（作宾语）九.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语.在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.Fmlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?考点突破考点一：人称代词典例1:【2017•上海】Theretiredccmplehavedecidedtogotocollege.Itstimefortobeginanewlife.A.theyB・themC・theirD・theirs【解析】句意：这对退休的夫妇已决定上大学，是他们开始新生活的时候了。结合句意，此题考查句型it"stimeforsb.todosth.是该某人做某事的时候了，这里指代theretiredcouple,作宾语，要用人称代词宾格them,故选B。【答案】B举一反三1.[2017*江苏苏州】Mrs.SmithoftengoestovisitthoseAIDSpatientsinhospitalstocheerup.A.herB.themC.himD.us2.【2017•广东广州】Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbusiscoming.Wehavetimeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle3・【2017・湖北孝感】—Couldyourecordtoday"sNBAbasketballgameforme?Icanwatchlater.A.oneB・myC.yourD.it 考点二：物主代词典例2:[2017*新疆阜康市】Thesearen"tbooks,Mary.Youleftathome.A・you,yourB.your,yoursC.yours,yourD.your,you【解析】句意：Mary,这些不是你的书，你把你的书忘在家里了结合选项。由于第一个设空处后面有名词，所以应填形容词性物主代词your;第二个设空处后面没有名词，所以应填名词性物主代词yours,故选B【答案】B举一反三4.[2017*贵州黔南州】一AreKateandJoangoodfriends?■一Yes,theyare.Pleaselookafter・A.your;theirB.your;themC.yours;theirsD.you;them5.【2017・四川绵阳】Itisagoodhabitoftoreadsomethingbeforegoingtobed・A.IB.meC.myD.mine6.【2017・辽宁沈阳市】Foryourhomework,Iwantyoutorememberthenamesofalltheplanetsincorrectorder.A.ourB.yourC・itsD.their考点三：指示代词典例3:[2017*吉林长春】—Hello,Lindaspeaking.Who"s?—Hello,thisisMartin•A.itB・oneC.thatD.this【解析】句意：你好，我是琳达。你是谁？你好，我是马丁。根据语境，此处为两人在打电话，称呼对方应用that.【答案】C举一反三7.AsforlearningEnglish,studentswhoreadalotcandomuchbetterthanwhodon".A.thoseB.thatC.theseD・them 考点四：反身代词典例1:【2017•广东惠州]一Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallbylastweek.一-Wow,youaresosmart!D.myselfA.meB.myC・mine【解析】句意：看这个轮船模型，是我上周自己做的。哇，你真是太聪明了。根据句意可知,后半句要构成“靠某人自己byoneself"这个短语。【答案】D举一反三4.[2017*福建龙岩】—Helptosomefish,kids.-Thanks.A.youB.yourC.yourselvesD.yourself5.[2017*四川南充】—youruncleisverygoodatcooking!Howdidhelearnit?—Helearneditby.A.himB.himselfC.herD.herself6.[2017•山东德州】—DidyouenjoyinChengdulastweek?■-Yes,Ihadgreatfunthere.A.myselfB.yourselfC.ourselvesD.themselves7.[2017*湖北荆门】一DoyouknowwhotaughtFrench?—Nobody.Helearneditby.A.his;himselfB.him;himC.him;himselfD.his;him考点五：相互代词典例5:[2017*黑龙江哈尔滨】—WhichofthetwoT-shirtswouldyouliketochoose?—Both.ThenIcangiveonetomybrotherandleavetomyself.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.others【解析】句意：这两件T恤你想要哪件？都要.我可以给我弟弟一件，另一件留给我自己。根据语境可知，这里应为两者中的另一个，考查的是词组：一个…另一个...(one...theother...)o【答案】B举一反三8.(2017-山东日照-28)LiHua"sparentsholddifferentopinionsonwhethertheyshouldhavechild.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother 4.Myfamilyhastwodogs,Oneiswhite,isblack.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others考点六：不定代词典例6:【2017・四川资阳】ThereiswrongwithTom"sleg,weshouldsendhimtohospitalatonce・A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing【解析】句意:Tom的腿有些问题，我们应该马上把他送到医院去。根据后面一句话”weshouldsendhimtohospitalatonce",可知Tom的身体应该出现了一些问题，所以我们才要把他送到医院.句子又为陈述句.【答案】A举一反三5.【2017・湖南长沙】ofuswantstogototheparktoday,becausewehavetofinishsomuchhomework・A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.All15・【2017•山东青岛】Ladiesandgentlemen、attentionplease!Ihaveimportanttotellyou・A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything16.【2017・江苏南京】Helenisnewhere,soweknowabouther.A.nothingB.somethingC・anythingD.everything考点七：关系代词典例7:【2017・江苏南京】IstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachersivisitedinLondonyears“go.A.whatB・whoC.thatD.which【解析】关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which,用来引导定语从句，它们在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表词，另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。who,whom和whose在定语从句中常用来指人，which只指物，that既可扌旨人也可扌旨物。该题句意是：我还记得几年前在伦敦拜访过的那所大学和老师。定语从句所修饰的两个名词thecollegeandtheteachers, 分别表示人和物，只能用关系代词（hat。答案为C。【答案】C举一反三16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that17.（2016・达州）…DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter?…Yes.Heis Peter"sfriend・Theyarecelebratinghisbirthday・A.who,ninthB・that,ninethC./yninethD・which,ninth16.（2016*临沂）Sweetwormwood（青蒿）isacommonplantinChina・TuYouyouisthewomanusedtheplantsspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.A・whichB・whoC・whoseD・/真题在线一、单项选择1.（2017-甘肃白银-9）Didyoudothehomework?A.youB.yourselfC・yourD.yours2.（2017-甘肃兰州•27）1askedtodoschoolworkby.A.him;his;himselfB.her;her;itselfC.her;his;myselfD.him;her;herself3.（2017-湖北随州）Thanksforinvitingtoyourfoodfestival.Wereallyenjoyedourselves.A.weB.theyC・themD・us4.（2017-河北•26）—IsthisKate"sbicycle?—No,_isunderthetree・Sheputittherethismorning・A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours5.（2017・山东滨州・24）—DoyouknowwhotaughtRussian?一Nobody・Helearneditby.A・his;himselfB・him;himC.him;himselfD.his;him6.（2017-山东济宁・17）—Whatelsedoyouneed,sir?—else.Fvegotenough.Thanks.A.NothingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Everything7.（2017-湖南长沙・23）—There"sinthecity.Whynothaveapicnicinthecountryside?一Great.DaweishanMountainsmightbeagoodchoice.A.interestingsomethingB.nothinginterestingC.anythinginteresting8.（2017-湖北咸宁・29）一Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,butin,knivesandforks.—Yousee.Peoplearoundtheworldhavedifferenteatinghabits.A.othersB・otherC.anotherD・all9.（2017-山东东营•24）—Pardon,please.Whomdidyouasktofinishthetask? 一・Youhaveotherthingstodo.A.TheyB.ThemC・TheirsD・Themselves1.（2017-山东德州・27）一DidyouenjoyinChengdulastweek?一Yes,Ihadgreatfunthere.A.myselfB.yourselfC.ourselvesD.themselves2.（2017-山东临沂・17）Paulwenttothebookstorewithsomefriendsof.A.heB.himC.himselfD.his3.（2017-山东临沂・19）一Doyouplantowatchatalentshoworasportsshowtonight?——・Icantstandthem・Iplantowatchasitcom.A.NeitherB.BothC.NoneD.Either4.（2017-湖北十堰-29）MissZhangteachesEnglish.Sheisverystrict.A.ourB.weC・usD.ours5.（2016-湖北襄阳・32）一Wouldyoulikesomemilkorcoffee,sir?—・Justaglassofwater,please.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None6.（2017・山西・21）BeIievinginisaveryimportantruleforyoutogetalongwellwithothers.A.myselfB・himselfC・yourself7.（2017-四川眉山・29）一Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?一.Ijustneedsomewater.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All8.（2017-北京・21）Myfatherisaworker.isverykind.A.HeB.SheC.HisD.It9.（2017-河南-22）HisnameisJames,butheusuallycallsJim.A.heB.himC.hisD.himself10.（2017-重庆B卷・23）FuYuanhuiisfavoriteswimmerbecauseshe"ssofunny.A.IB.myC.meD・mine11.（2017-内蒙古呼和浩特-5）TherearefiftystudentsinClassOne.Twentyofthemareboys;aregirls.A.theotherB.theothersC・othersD.anotherKey:l-5:BADBC6-10:ABABB11-15:BACCC16-20:CADBB模拟演练一•用otherjheother,othersjheothers,another填空.1.SorryJdon"tknowtheway.Youcanasksomepeople.2.Mysisterhastwoskirts.Oneisyellow,isblack. 2.Hehaseatenanapple,buthestillwantsone・4.Someofthemaremyfriends.Thearemyclassmates.5.Theyliveonsideoftheriver.二•用afew,few,alittlejittle填空.1.We"vegotbread.LeCsgotobuysome.2.Wewillhavechickenfordinner.3.Wevegotoranges.Doyouwanttoeatsome?4.Thedoctortellsmetostayinbedfordays.5.Donrteattoomuch.Youarefatnow.6.Jimmycan^buyanythingnowbecausehehasmoneywithhim.7.Thispassageisverydifficult.peoplecanunderstandit.8.一IsyourfriendFrankstill.inEngland?—Idon"tknow.Ihaveinformationabouthimbecausewehaven"tseeneachotherforyears.9.—Hurryup!Themovieisbeginning.——Don"tworry.Thereisstilltimeleft.10.Thereiswaterinthebottle.Wouldyoupleasegoandgetsomeforme?三.用适当的不定代词填空。l.OldM匚Smithliveshappilywithhisthreedogs.ofthemarepartofhisfamily.2.1invitedJohnandLindatodinner,butofthemcame.1.Weonlyneedoneperson,soofyoutwocancometoworkhere.2.ofthetwinsarefondofsports.3.Theywereallverytired,butofthemstoppedtohavearest.4.Fdlikeanotherbanana,butthereisn"tleft.5.Waterisimportantto,sotherearewaterfestivalsaroundtheworld・&一Whatabadday!一Everyonehasoneofthosedayswhengoesright.9.Robotsarereallyuseful.Onedaytheywillhelppeopledoalmost・四.用适当的代词填空.1.OK,Letsmakeacardby(we).2.1shere?No,XiaoWangisinthelibrary.3.1foundimportanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.3.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanofNanjing.4.Yoursonisoldenoughtolookafter.Youneedn"tworryabout.(he)6.1sthisyourbook?No,isinmybag.Perhapsit*s(she).Key:一.other,theotheianother,others,theother二.little,alittle,afew,afew,alittleJittle,Few,little,alittle,little三.All,neither,eithenBoth,neither,anything,everyone,nothing,anything四.us,everyone/everybody,that,himself,him.mine,hers・