初中英语语法复习名词ppt培训课件 129页

语法复习：名词名校通初中英语语法复习执教老师:樊老师2011年05月13日1 词语分类实词：名词，代词，数次，动词，形容词，副词虚词：冠词介词连词感叹词兼词：work——名词/动词IlikethisworkIworkeveryday语法复习：名词 熟记已学过的名词；掌握常用名词的数的变化；掌握名词所有格的构成及其变化；掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法。名词复习策略语法复习：名词 1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：family,home,house;work,job等语法复习：名词 一、名词1、名词种类2、名词的数3、名词的主谓一致语法复习：名词 名词概念表示人、食物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词Bananacoke语法复习：名词 英语名词可以分为两大类：普通名词和专有名词。学习英语名词，通常要掌握名词的数（单数、复数）、格（主要是所有格）、主谓一致等几个语法概念。1.普通名词普通名词根据其意义又可以分为四种：个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。语法复习：名词 (1)个体名词个体名词可以指具体的人或物，也可以指一类人或物。例如：desk课桌，book书，student学生，bird鸟，house房子。个体名词有单数和复数之分。我们在使用个体名词时，不能“拿来就用”，而应当考虑到与限定其词义的各种限定词连用。例如：Haveyoufoundthe[your]child?你找到［你的］孩子了吗？Therearemany[some/aboutten/no]birdsinthetree.树上有许多［有一些/有大约10只/没有］鸟。语法复习：名词 (2)集体名词集体名词是指由个体组成的集合体，使用时视为复数名词。family家庭，team团队，police警方，people人民，class班级。例如：Therearealotofpeopleontheplayground.操场上有许多人。Thepolicehavecaughttheheadofthegang.警察抓住了团伙的头目。语法复习：名词 有时，一个名词可以用作个体名词，也可用作集体名词，视具体情况而定。例如：Hisfamilyisnotpooranymore.他家再也不穷了。Ihopeyourfamilyarequitewell.我希望你的家人身体都很好。Weretheremanypeopleatthemeeting?有许多人参加了会议吗？TheChineseareahard-workingpeople.中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。语法复习：名词 (3)物质名词物质名词是指那些不能分成个体的物质，例如：water水，bread面包，metal金属，cotton棉花，silk(蚕)丝，rain雨，air空气。使用物质名词，不可以和数词、不定冠词等表示可数概念的限定词连用，也不可能有复数形式。例如：我们不能说：Thereisabread[aretwobreads]ontheplate.我们只能说：Thereissome[alittle/twopiecesof]breadontheplate.语法复习：名词 如果要给物质名词计数，就要使用量词。例如：apieceofbread一块面包twobottlesoforange两瓶橘子汁threebagsofrice三袋大米语法复习：名词 有些物质名词也可用作个体名词，这时，可以用不定冠词，也可以用复数形式。请比较：Paperismadeofwood.纸是用木材做的。          （物质名词）Haveyoureadtoday’spaper?今天的报纸你看了吗？    （个体名词）语法复习：名词 (4)抽象名词抽象名词是指那些抽象概念的名称，例如：work工作，pleasure乐趣，feeling感觉，health健康，duty责任，weather天气。一般情况下，抽象名词不能和数词、不定冠词等表示可数概念的限定词连用，也不可能有复数形式。例如：Wehadgreatfunplayingwithourgoodfriends.我们和好朋友在一起玩，很开心。（不能说：agreatfun）Whatistheweatherlikeinyourcountry?你们国家的天气怎样？语法复习：名词 有时，抽象名词如果被一个形容词修饰，就具有了特定的性质，这时，可以用不定冠词来限定其意义。例如：Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.昨天夜里下了一场大雨。有些抽象名词也可用作个体名词，这时，可以用不定冠词，也可以用复数形式。请比较：Theinventionofthetelephonetookalongtime.电话的发明花费了很长时间。（抽象名词）Thetelephoneisawonderfulinvention.电话是一项奇妙的发明。（个体名词）语法复习：名词 2.专有名词专有名词是指人名、地名、团体、机构等的名称，月份、星期、节日等名称也是专有名词。专有名词的开头字母要大写。例如：⑴人名：John,Green,Mr.Wang等。⑵民族名：Chinese,English,French,Australian等。⑶团体、机构名称：theUnitedNations联合国，UNESCO联合国教科文组织，WTO世界贸易组织，等。语法复习：名词 ⑷地名：Beijing,London,China,England,YellowRiver,WallStreet等。⑸月份、星期、节日名称：January,Saturday,ChristmasDay,SpringFestival等。⑹对家人的称呼：Dad,Mom/Mum,Auntie,Granny,UncleJohn等。语法复习：名词 名词的单数形式一般可用a来修饰*acar*abook在元音发音开头的单词前用an*anelephant*anapple名词的数语法复习：名词 名词的复数形式1.复数形式的构成方法(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches语法复习：名词 (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys语法复习：名词 要点考点聚焦找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes语法复习：名词 radiosphotos找规律zoospianos语法复习：名词 (4)以o结尾的名词加“s”/z/*radio–radios*zoo–zoos只有potatotomato加“es”构成复数potato–potatoestomato–tomatoeszero---zeros/zeroes。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves注:belief---beliefs（信心）,roof---roofs（屋顶）,safe---safes（保险箱）,gulf---gulfs（海湾）则直接加s语法复习：名词 2.特殊变化的单词(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheepSwiss-Swissyuan–yuandeer–deer(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet语法复习：名词 不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--men语法复习：名词 3.变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans4.其它形式child–childrenmouse–mice语法复习：名词 5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况(1)将中心词变为复数girlfriend–girlfriendsgrandchild–grandchildren(2)man,woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数amandoctor–mendoctorsawomanteacher–womenteachers语法复习：名词 6.常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothespolicecattletrousersglassesgoods这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.*Thepoliceoftencomehere.语法复习：名词 7.可用howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,some，alotof等修饰可数名词复数*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?语法复习：名词 名称　总称(谓语用复数)一个人（单）　　两个人（复）中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes一些国家专有名词复数形式语法复习：名词 ★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词，不可以计数，在句中视为单数，例如：water，rice，fish，meat等。特别记住：workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine语法复习：名词 1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.语法复习：名词 3.常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of前面的名词上，而of后始终是单数*Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.*Threeglassesoforangeareonthedesk.语法复习：名词 (5)可数名词和不可数名词英语名词有可数与不可数之分，可数名词通常是个体名词和集体名词，可以计数，例如：tree–trees,child–children,family–families,class–classes。不可数名词通常是物质名词和抽象名词，water,paper,work,health。语法复习：名词 物质名词转化为可数名词awindarainateaabeeraglass一阵风一场雨一杯茶一杯啤酒一个玻璃杯语法复习：名词 物质名词转化为可数名词rainswoodswindstimeswaterssandsseasglasses大量的雨水森林阵风时代大片水域沙滩海域眼镜语法复习：名词 抽象名词转化为可数名词beautydangersuccesssurpriseworry美人或美丽的事物令人感到危险的人或事成功的人或事令人感到惊讶的人或事令人感到烦恼的人或事 1、给名词分分类A专有名词ChinaBeijing(国家名地名，人名等)B普通名词可数名词个体名词集合名词childmanagergradefamilyclasspeople（民族）不可数名词物质名词抽象名词Milkwater(液态一般不可数),oil,news,information.hate(仇恨)peace(和平) 专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词(CommonNouns）专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。名词的分类总结 1）个体名词（IndividualNouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：apple。2）集体名词（CollectiveNouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词（MaterialNouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：milk。4）抽象名词（AbstractNouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。普通名词又分为四类 1.Several_____aretalking underthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child3.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science4.Pleasegiveme______paper. A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof5.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass典型例题解析 1.Several_____aretalking underthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child3.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science4.Pleasegiveme______paper. A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof5.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass典型例题解析CAADD 6.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies7.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs8.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters9._____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used10.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes 6.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies7.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs8.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters9._____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used10.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoesDBACA 根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.Jimhassome.(knife)12.Howmucharethese?(vegetable) 根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.Jimhassome.(knife)12.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenknivesvegetables 1.Therich_________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.haveD.has2.InBritain,_________areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox3.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country5.Motherbroughtme_________.A.agoodnewsB.apieceofnewsC.manygoodnewsD.twonews 1.Therich_________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.haveD.has2.InBritain,_________areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox3.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country5.Motherbroughtme_________.A.agoodnewsB.apieceofnewsC.manygoodnewsD.twonewsAADAB 6.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few7.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful______inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities8.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat课时训练 6.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few7.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful______inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities8.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat课时训练ABA 9.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I"dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks10.“NightingalPrize”isfor_________.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurse 9.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I"dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks10.“NightingalPrize”isfor_________.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurseCD 名词的主谓一致谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致Be动词TomandTimareright.Threeapplesareonthedesk.Davidisgoingtodosomeexercisers 考点归纳1、主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.Thewaterintheglassisverycold.2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：ClassThreehaveamapofChina. 4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem. 6、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow. 7、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Eitheryouorheisright.NeitheryounorIamgoingthere. 名词在句中可以做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语，同位语和呼语等．如：Yesterdayaboycametoseeyou.(主语)Edisonwasaworld-famousinventor.(表语)Wouldyoulikesomebananas?(宾语)Wechosehimmonitorofourclass.（宾语补足语）Theywillmeetattheschoolgate.(定语)Thenewfilmwilllasttwohours.(状语)MrSmith,myfirstteacher,diedyesterday.(同位语)Boysandgirls,pleaselookattheblackboard.(呼语)名词的句法功能: 1.名词作定语一般用单数。但以下名词woman,man作定语且修饰复数名词时，作定语的名词也用复数。2.“名词作定语”与“名词所有格作定语”名词可以位于另外一名词前作定语。名词作定语在逻辑上表示中心词的用途（职能）、材料、来源（地点）、时间，还可以与中心词构成主语—补语、整体—部分、宾语—动作者等关系。ashoeshop鞋店，astonewall石墙，amountainplant高山植物，Augustweather八月的天气，agirlfriend女朋友， astreetsweeper扫路机，telephonenumber电话号码，eveningdress晚礼服,coffeecup咖啡杯，boystudents男学生，girlplayer女选手；menteachers男老师，womendoctors女医生等。名词所有格是表示一种所有关系。一般来说只有下列名词才有所有格形式：有生命的名词、集体名词、度量（重量、价格、距离、长度、时间等）名词以及国家、城市、地区等名词后可加’s构成所有格。例如:tenminutes’walk10分钟的路程，today’snewspaper今天的报纸，Beijing’sstreet北京的街道，Tom’shome汤姆的家等。 _______turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves2.Hedroppedthe_______andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup3.Ineed_______cloth,forI’mgoingtomake_______clothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot练习题 _______turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves2.Hedroppedthe_______andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup3.Ineed_______cloth,forI’mgoingtomake_______clothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot练习题 4.Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works5.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_______.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material6.You’llfindthismapofgreat_______inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness 4.Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works5.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_______.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material6.You’llfindthismapofgreat_______inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness 7.----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?----_______.A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_______ofliving.A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_______ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol 7.----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?----_______.A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_______ofliving.A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_______ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol 10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_______oftheearthquake.A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers11.Ifyoudon’ttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewon’tbeenough_______formystationery.A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_______.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results 10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_______oftheearthquake.A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers11.Ifyoudon’ttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewon’tbeenough_______formystationery.A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_______.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results 13.Inthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_______ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.variety14.----Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?----No,it’soutof_______.A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent_______.A.elementsB.sectionsC.materialD.realities 13.Inthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_______ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.variety14.----Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?----No,it’soutof_______.A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent_______.A.elementsB.sectionsC.materialD.realities 16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_______.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate17.Toregaintheir______afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health18.IsawBobplaythepianoatJohn’spartyandonthat_______hewassimplybrilliant.A.sceneB.circumstanceC.occasionD.situation 16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_______.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate17.Toregaintheir______afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health18.IsawBobplaythepianoatJohn’spartyandonthat_______hewassimplybrilliant.A.sceneB.circumstanceC.occasionD.situation 19.Itcan’tbea(n)_______thatfourjewelrystoreswererobbedinonenight.A.coincidenceB.accidentC.incidentD.chance20.Accordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkandheartattackisnotnecessarily_______andeffect.A.reasonB.impactC.factD.cause21.----I’msorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.----Thereisno_______forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation 19.Itcan’tbea(n)_______thatfourjewelrystoreswererobbedinonenight.A.coincidenceB.accidentC.incidentD.chance20.Accordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkandheartattackisnotnecessarily_______andeffect.A.reasonB.impactC.factD.cause21.----I’msorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.----Thereisno_______forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation 22.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness________sothecompanyisdoingwell.A．ideaB．senseC．thoughtD．thinking23.Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin______oflittlechildren.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance24.Theenvironmentalistsandwildgoats’_______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance 22.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness________sothecompanyisdoingwell.A．ideaB．senseC．thoughtD．thinking23.Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin______oflittlechildren.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance24.Theenvironmentalistsandwildgoats’_______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance 25.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It‘s_____walk.A.afourhour                B.afourhour"sC.afour-hours               D.afourhours’26.Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn"tmakeany________tome.A.meaning   B.importanceC.sense  D.significance 25.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It‘s_____walk.A.afourhour                B.afourhour"sC.afour-hours               D.afourhours’26.Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn"tmakeany________tome.A.meaning   B.importanceC.sense  D.significance 扩展练习1.Asthemedicinetook,thepatientbecamequieter.A.forceB.powerC.effectD.part答案 扩展练习1.Asthemedicinetook,thepatientbecamequieter.A.forceB.powerC.effectD.part答案C解析考查动词与名词的搭配。takeeffect生效，奏效，起作用；takepower上台，执政，掌权。 2.（2009·湖北，25）Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodforbuilding.A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.character答案 2.（2009·湖北，25）Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodforbuilding.A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.character答案D解析respect尊重；方面；friendship友谊；reputation名声；character性格，品格。句意为：独自远足可能是一件有趣的事，也是对健康有好处的事。它还有利于一个人品格的发展。build培养，发展（思想、品格等）。 3.（2009·湖北，26）Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasaforeveryonetostandup.A.signalB.chanceC.markD.measure答案 3.（2009·湖北，26）Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasaforeveryonetostandup.A.signalB.chanceC.markD.measure答案A解析A项“信号”；B项“机会”；C项“记号”；D项“措施”。句中it代替“铃响时教师合上书”这件事，而“它”正是大家要起立的“信号”。 4.（2009·天津，1）I’mtryingtobreaktheofgettinguptoolate.A.traditionB.convenienceC.habitD.leisure答案 4.（2009·天津，1）I’mtryingtobreaktheofgettinguptoolate.A.traditionB.convenienceC.habitD.leisure答案C解析breakthetradition打破传统；breakthehabitof戒除……的习惯；convenience方便,便利；leisure闲暇，悠闲。句意为：我正试图改掉晚起的习惯。 5.（2009·浙江，6）Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasytothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.A.accessB.passageC.wayD.approach答案 5.（2009·浙江，6）Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasytothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.A.accessB.passageC.wayD.approach答案A解析句意为：这个系统的目的在于让学生们方便快捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。accessto为固定用法，意为“可以利用，可以达到”。 6.IfyoustandwhereIam,youcangetamuchbetterofthelake.A.sightB.viewC.sceneD.scenery答案 6.IfyoustandwhereIam,youcangetamuchbetterofthelake.A.sightB.viewC.sceneD.scenery答案B解析考查意义相近的名词辨析。sight,view,scenery都可指“风光、景色”，但指在某一特定位置观察到的景色时，只用view。scene场景，幕。 7.I’msorry.Ican’tgiveyouthetelephonenumberwithoutMr.Smith’s.A.permissionB.allowingC.agreementD.performance答案 7.I’msorry.Ican’tgiveyouthetelephonenumberwithoutMr.Smith’s.A.permissionB.allowingC.agreementD.performance答案A解析withoutone’spermission未经某人许可。此题易错选C。agreement同意，主要指“意见一致”。 8.(2008·安徽，24）Tosavesomeofthehumanlanguagesbeforetheyareforgotten,thestud-entsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“Saveour”.A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voices答案 8.(2008·安徽，24）Tosavesomeofthehumanlanguagesbeforetheyareforgotten,thestud-entsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“Saveour”.A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voices答案D解析由语境可知,此处指人类的语言,而语言是人类说的,因此用voices,而不用其他选项。 9.(2008·江西，27）—Shallwegooutforawalk?—Sorry.Thisisnottherighttoinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance答案 9.(2008·江西，27）—Shallwegooutforawalk?—Sorry.Thisisnottherighttoinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance答案A解析句意为：——我们出去散散步好吗？——对不起,这不是邀请我的合适的时间,我太累了而不想去散步。A项“某一时刻,片刻”；B项“情形,状况”；C项“地方”；D项“机会”。 10.(2008·湖北，21）Theyoungmanmadeatohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution答案 10.(2008·湖北，21）Theyoungmanmadeatohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution答案B解析句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。makeapromise许诺，答应，其后的that从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词promise的内容，其他选项不合句意。 11.(2008·湖北，22）Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly.A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon答案 11.(2008·湖北，22）Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly.A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon答案A解析句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛，氛围；state状态；situation形势，局面；phenomenon现象。 12.(2008·浙江，15）Dogshaveaverygoodofsmellandareoftenusedtosearchforsurvivorsinanearthquake.A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea答案 12.(2008·浙江，15）Dogshaveaverygoodofsmellandareoftenusedtosearchforsurvivorsinanearthquake.A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea答案A解析asenseofsmell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。 13.(2008·福建，32）What’stheofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan’teat,drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion答案 13.(2008·福建，32）What’stheofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan’teat,drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion答案A解析句意为：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意义；matter问题，麻烦；case情况，问题；opinion意见，看法。四个选项中只能A项符合语境。 14.—Doyouhaveanyoneparticularinforthejob?—Inmyopinion,Tomistherightperson.A.headB.heartC.mindD.brain答案 14.—Doyouhaveanyoneparticularinforthejob?—Inmyopinion,Tomistherightperson.A.headB.heartC.mindD.brain答案C解析近义词辨析题。havesb./sth.inmind为固定短语,意为“在想……，考虑……”。 15.Whathetoldusaboutthesituationsimplydoesn’tmakeany.A.senseB.ideaC.meaningD.mistake答案 15.Whathetoldusaboutthesituationsimplydoesn’tmakeany.A.senseB.ideaC.meaningD.mistake答案A解析makesense有意义，讲得通，notmakeanysense=makenosense。 16.Mymorningincludesjoggingintheparkandreadingnewspapersoverbreakfast.A.drillB.actionC.regulationD.routine答案 16.Mymorningincludesjoggingintheparkandreadingnewspapersoverbreakfast.A.drillB.actionC.regulationD.routine答案D解析A.“操练”；B.“行为”；C.“规则，条例”;D.“惯例，常规”。由句意可知D项正确。 17.Thepracticeofhangingclothesacrossthestreetisacommoninmanypartsofthecity.A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearance答案 17.Thepracticeofhangingclothesacrossthestreetisacommoninmanypartsofthecity.A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearance答案C解析sight意为“风景”；look意为“表情”；sign意为“迹象，现象”；appearance意为“出现，显露”。 18.Despitesuchabigdifferenceintowardswhatoneeats,thereisnodoubtthatpeopleinthewestregardtheChinesefoodassometh-ingspecial.A.pointB.ideaC.attitudeD.sight答案 18.Despitesuchabigdifferenceintowardswhatoneeats,thereisnodoubtthatpeopleinthewestregardtheChinesefoodassometh-ingspecial.A.pointB.ideaC.attitudeD.sight答案C解析句意为：尽管对食物的态度（看法）有如此大的差别，无疑，西方人认为中国食品是很特别的。破解此题的关键点是toward这个词，在这四个选项中，只有attitude与toward或to连用，故选C项。 19.Heandhiswifeareofthesame;theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.A.soulB.spiritC.heartD.mind答案 19.Heandhiswifeareofthesame;theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.A.soulB.spiritC.heartD.mind答案D解析本题考查名词词义辨析。soul“心灵，灵魂”；spirit“精神”；heart“心，心脏”；mind“想法，主意”；beofthesamemind为固定短语，意为“对……看法相同，主意一样”，符合句意。 20.Ofthesevendaysinaweek,Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopularforaweddinginsomecountries.A.wayB.situationC.eventD.choice答案 20.Ofthesevendaysinaweek,Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopularforaweddinginsomecountries.A.wayB.situationC.eventD.choice答案D解析本题考查名词的意思。句意为：在一周七天当中，星期六在一些国家据说是婚礼的最佳之选。way方式，方法；situation情形，局势；event事件，大事；choice选择。 21.—Youarealwaysfullof.Canyoutellmethesecret?—Takingplentyofexerciseeveryday.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy答案 21.—Youarealwaysfullof.Canyoutellmethesecret?—Takingplentyofexerciseeveryday.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy答案D解析本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力，势力；strength力气，优势；force力，武力；energy精力；befullofenergy指“精力旺盛”，符合题意。 22.（2009·合肥二检）—Oh,youhaven’treadmye-mail?—Sorry,Ihaven’thadanytothecomputerthesedays.A.aidsB.basisC.accessD.beliefs答案 22.（2009·合肥二检）—Oh,youhaven’treadmye-mail?—Sorry,Ihaven’thadanytothecomputerthesedays.A.aidsB.basisC.accessD.beliefs答案C解析考查名词辨析。haveaccessto表示“能出入，可以使用”，符合题意。 23.Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyouforaslongasyouwantwhenyoufeellonely.A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend答案”。 23.Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyouforaslongasyouwantwhenyoufeellonely.A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend答案B解析本题考查短语keepsb.company意为“陪伴某人，给某人做伴”。 24.Alwaysreadtheonthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A.explanationsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions答案 24.Alwaysreadtheonthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A.explanationsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions答案B解析explanation解释，讲解；instructions用法说明，操作指南；description描述，描写；introduction介绍。句意为：仔细阅读瓶子上的使用说明，适量用药。 25.—Ifyoulike,Icandosomeshoppingforyou.—That’saverykind.A.offerB.serviceC.pointD.suggestion答案 25.—Ifyoulike,Icandosomeshoppingforyou.—That’saverykind.A.offerB.serviceC.pointD.suggestion答案A解析本题考查名词的用法。offer意为“提议，提供，提出”；service“服务”；point“意义，点”；suggestion“建议”。句意为：——如果你喜欢的话，我可以给你买点东西。——那是个好的提议。 英语作文专题（一）执教老师:樊老师谢谢！129