英语语法极好---动词过去分词 7页

Knowledgeisameasure，butpractiseisthekeytoit•第第三讲过去分词过去分词的定义动词的・ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2、过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1）过去分词作表语。如：Don"ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们奔进了大楼。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeopl这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess・这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。3）过去分词做状语：过去分词和・ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。女口：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthe struggle.①表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Givenanotherchance,hewi11doitbetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Loveandacoughcannotbehid.Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。②表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。③表方式或伴随情况。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob・我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。4）过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：Whenwi11yougotothehospitaiandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使口己被人听清。当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken・有人发现其中一个杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。特别提醒过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent・当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣.2、动词have后所接的三种宾语补语： 1）havesomebody/somethingdosomething不定式作补语必须省去to,不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。女口：1hadtheworkersdothejobforme.我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆经常让他父亲帮助做家庭作业。2）havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：Followyourowncourse,andletpeopletalk.Theyhadthetractorworkingal1thetime.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。Wewon"thavethechiIdtalkingtohismotherlikethat.3）havesomebody/somethingdone过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。女山Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理发ToLateronthecenterhadagreatmanynewtreesplanted.后來，这个中心让人种了很多树。②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的坏境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。Hehadoneeyelostinthewar.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。3、非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：thebridgetobebui1t将要建造的桥（表示将來的动作）thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）thebridgebuilt造好的桥（表示完成的动作）4、过去分词和・ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而・ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如： Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.很惊讶Thenewsisverysurprising.听到那个消息，我们感到这个消息很令人惊讶。sound.他们听到可怕的声音Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovTheywerefrightenedtohearthefrightening很害怕。edtotears.Amusing,amused；Disappointing,disappointed；Puzzling,puzzledWorrying,worriedPleasing,pleased；encouraging,encouraged；exciting,excited；satisfying,satisfiedtiring,tired；interesting、interested；Astonishing,astonished等。5.过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别:过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面儿组短语:boiledwater开水developedcountries发展的国家家fallenleaves落叶叶子changedcondition改变了的情况boi1ingwater正沸腾的水developingcountries发展中国fallingleaves.正在飘落的changingcondition变化着的情由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。Thinktwicebeforeacting.1.T"mgoingtohavemycar•A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2.What，sthelanguageinGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Fol1owedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfol1owedby4.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking 5.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinvitec.beinginvitedD・inviting&moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenD.HavinggivenGivingB.Togivec.7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8・Thecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose10.TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn"tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedC.firstplaying11.Don"tgetA.tobefirstplayedD・tobefirstplayedintherain.A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD・caught12.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword.A.speakingB.spokenC.tobespokenD.speak13-fromspace,theearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,looks1ikeabluebal1.A.Seen,coveredB.Seen,coveringC.Seeing,coveringD・Seeing,covered14.Ancrowdisawaitingthearrivalofthefilmstar.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly非谓语动词易错题练习()1>Ttisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,andbetteronesofyourown.A.introducesB.tointroduceC. introducingD.introducedDiamondoutssdiamond.Wherethereislife，thereishope.()2、Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbutworkforyoungpeople.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingDprovided()3、Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake()4、thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyouwi111earnalotaboutfirefighting.A.HavingsearchedB.TosearchC.SearchingD.Search()5、Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecentattheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedA.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched()6、Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,their1essonsfortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished()7、Hewrotealotofnovels,noneofthemintoaforeignlanguage-A.translatingB.translatedC.weretranslatedD.hadtranslated()8.liewrotealotofnovels,noneofwhichintoaforeignlanguage.A.translatingB.translatedC.weretranslatedD.hadtranslated()9、Hemadesometoyshislittleson.A.pleaseB.topleaseC.pleasingD.pleased()10、MrBrownaskedustostop,andwestoppedtohimatonce-B.totalk,A.talking,olistentolisten C・talking,listeningD.totalk,listenA.11>Hespentpractiseeveryminutehecould12、BeforeA.improve13>Anyonethepolice.A.findsspokenEnglish.B.topractiseC.practisingD.practicedgoingabroadhedevotedal1hecould_B.toimproveC.improvinghisoralEnglish.D.toimprovingtryingtotakeknivesonboardflightswouldbecaughtbyB.foundC.beingfound)14、Hearingthenews,herushedout,thebookdisappearedintothedistance.D-willfindonthetableandA.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopenedWhateveryoudo,gowithallyourheart.