英语语法十大难点、重点 11页

英语语法十大难点.重点1.时态（将来完成时.过去完成时、情态动词完成式.非谓语动词完成式）1)Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedhadbeenproduced.2)BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedinEuropefortwoweeks・3)MypainmuslhavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:"Areyoufeelingallright?”4)ThelocalhealthorganizationisreportedtohavebeensetuptwentyfiveyearsagowhenDr.Audonbecameitsfirstpresident.5)Youcan"haveseenherinherofficelastFriday;she^sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks・FurtherPractice1)IwouldgladlylendyouthemoneybutIreallyhaveit.A.couldn^tB.didn"tC.haven"tD.don"t2)Withthedevelopmentofproductionandscience,radioawideapplicationinashorttime.A.foundB.findsC.havefoundD.hasfound3)Wecangowhentheground.D.willdryD.willdryA.driesB.hasdriedC・dried4)Ithereforfiveyearswhenthenewleadercame.A.hadworkedB.workedC・wasworking5)…What"sthematter,Ali?Youlookedsad.■一Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,Iofmyfriendsbackhome・A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC・wasjustthinkingD.havejustthought6)Theymoreenthusiasticabouttheirworksincetheirteachertreturn.A.areB.wereC.hadbeenD.havebeen7)Sheonthisessayfortwentyminutesbutshehaswrittenonlyaboutahundredwords.A.willbeworkingB・workedC・hasbeenworkingD.willhaveworked8)Alicewasveryirritablebecause・A.shewasnotfeelingwellC.shedidn^tfeelwellB.shedoesn^tfeelwellD・shewasnffeelinggood9)“CouldyougivethesebookstoMr.Mackintosh?""Certainly.himaboutsomethingelseinanycase,soitwon"tbeanybother.A.FllhaveseenB.IseeC.IcanseeD.F1Ibeseeing10)Henrywillnotbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecause・A.hemustteachaclassB.hewillbeteachingaclassC.heteachesaclassD.hewillhavebeenteachingaclass11)Fmafraidthere"snomorebread・Weitall.Inanyway,itstale(不新鲜).A.ate.••wentB.ate••.wasgoingC・haveeaten...wentD・haveeaten...wasgoing12)WechangeourprogramsthemomentwehaveanyfuHhe「newsofthesituation.13)Shehasdiedfortenyears,butsheisstillrememberedbyallwhoknewher.14)EversincetheCivilWar,thestatusofwomenwasalivesocialissueinthiscountry・15)Hewasstandingquietlywhenpresentlyayoungwoman,whohadbeencombingherhairand watchedhim,approachedandaskedhimfordirections.1)Thecostofgroceriesrosesorapidlyduringthepastseveralyearsthatlower-incomefamiliescan scarcelybuywhattheyneed.1)Thisisthesecondtimeyoubreakacup;youbrokeoneyesterday,Ineverbreakanything・2)Lewishadtotravelbybusashiscarhadbeendamagedinanaccidentsomedaybeforeandhewasunabletogetifrepaired.3)Latethateveningwearrivedatthehotel,whichwasourhomeforthenextfortnight.4)IfthevolumeofBritishinvestmentistobeincreased,otherdemandsonnationalresourceshadtobereducedoreliminated.1.非谓语动词(哪些动词后必须接动名词或/和动词不定式作宾语；如动词后即可跟动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语，其区别是什么，如：stop，remember,forget,regret,goon9try,need,want,;作定语；分词的独立主格作状语；动词不定式完成式在句中作复合谓语结构；let,makehave,see,hear,lookat等动词后面接不带to不定式作宾补，但在被动语态中作为主语补足语的不定实则要带to;常跟不定式作定语的名词中，有一部分是由常跟不定式作宾语的动词和常与不定式一起构成复合谓语结构的形容词转化或派生而来的；不定式的逻辑主语：for或of+名词；donothing/anything/everythingbut/except+不带to的动词不定式；see,hear,feel,notice,watch等感官动词即可跟现在分词也可跟不定式作复合宾语，二者的区别是什么；非谓语动词的”体”式和语态〉1)ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebuttocallinthepolice・2)Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.3)Thearrestedmurdererwillbetriedsoon.4)Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.5)Theworklefteveryoneexhausted.6)Askedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.7)Somebossesdislikeallowingpeopletosharetheirresponsibilities;theykeepallimportantmatterstightlyintheirownhands.8)Howmanyofus,say,attendingameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?9)Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.10)Shefoundituselessarguingwithhim.11)Doyouconsideritwisetryingagain?12)TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecentlygivingwhathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic・13)ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,lhalmanbeingPrinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury・14)Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpointincontrastwiththeothe匚FurtherPractice1)Moderntransportationfacilitiesmaketravellingthroughouttheworldinafewweeks.D.possibleofD.thatyouaskhimA.itpossibleB・possibleC.itispossible2)Itisnogoodtocomenow.Heisbusy.A.askinghimB.toaskhimC.ifyouaskhim3)Itisimportantyoutogetthereintime.A.thatB.forC.ofD.whether4)Itiswisethecasethatway. 1)Ivaguelyremembersomethinglike(hat.A.hissayingB.forhimtosayC・himhavingsaidD・thathesay2)Thequestiontomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased・A.tobedebatedB.todebateC.debatedD.thatitwillbedebated3)Therobberwasbroughttothejudge,・A.hishandswerefasttiedB.hishandstobefasttiedC.hishandshavingbeenfasttiedD.hishandsfasttied4),hehadaskedthreepersonsbeforehegotthere.A.NotknowingwherewasthebookstoreB.KnowingnotwherethebookstorewasC.NotknowingwherethebookstorewasD.Nottoknowwherethebookstorewas5)Hisparents,theorphanisnowtakencareofbythegovernment.A.havediedB・deadC・dyingD.havingdied6)Theriotissaidbythegovernment"snegligenceofthepeople"swelfare.A.tohavebeencausedB・beingcausedC・tobecausedD.tocause7)Suchthecase,therewerenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.A.wasB・hadbeenC.wouldbeD.being8)Havingfinishedhistermpaperbeforethedeadline,itwasdeliveredtotheprofessorbeforetheclass.9)Hairy"sadvisorpersuadedhimtakingseveralcourseswhichdidnotinvolvemuchknowledgeofmathematics.10)Doctorsoftensludyfilmrecordsofcomplexoperationsforimprovingtheirownknowledgeandskill.11)Theactualquantityoffolicacid(叶酉芟)requiringinthedailydietisnotknown.12)TheinternationallawoftheSeaConferenceisanattemptofresolvingmajordifferencesamongcountrieswithconflictinginterests.13)HarvardCollegewasoneofthefirstinstitmionsofhigherlearning[obeesUiblishcdinthecolonies.14)Inmanystates,thelawforbidscitizensfromcarryingpistolsorrifleswithoutfirsthavingobtainedaspecialpermit,15)No,Idon"tthinkByronisburiedhere・QueenVictoriathoughthewassoimmoraltobeburiedintheAbbey.16)HaveyoureadintheColumbiaSpectatorthatJefftlegwasbrokenwhileplayingfootball?17)TheTeacher^lectureonthepastparticiplewasthreehourslongandConradfeltveryboring.1.虚拟语气(混合虚拟语气；特殊形式的虚拟语气，如用于表示请求、建议、要求、命令等的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中；含蓄虚拟条件句；表示愿望的虚拟形式等)I.条件句主句现在If主语+动词过去式或were...,主语+should(或would,could,might)+动词原形将来If主语+should或wereto…，主语+should(或、vould,could，might)+动词原形过去If主语+had+过去分词…，主语+should(或would,could,might)+have+过去分词II.wish表示现在或过去的愿望，动词形式与if条件句中的谓语动词形式相对应；表示将来的愿望，动词形式与主句中的谓语动词形式相对应，见例句4)至7)。Notes:1)Ifonly=HowIwish 2)asif(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句也要求用虚拟语气，其动词形式与wish宾语从句中的动词形式相同。I.在表示要求、建议、命令等的主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句中药用虚拟语气，其形式为 (should)+动词原形I.would,could,should,might等+have+过去分词见例句16)至20)I)It"shightimethatwebegantowork.2)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.3)Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.4)Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.5)Iwishthattherainwouldstop・6)Hewishedthathehadacar.7)Iwishthatheweren"tsocrazy.8)Ifonlyyouhadn"toffendedhim!9)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere/asifhewereaRoman.10)Shelooksasifshewouldcry.II)Itwasorderedthatthemedicinesbesentherebyplane・12)Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.13)Theyrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.14)Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.15)Theirdemandisthattheirwagesbeincreasedby20%・16)Youshould(oughtto)haveturnedinyourpaperearlie匚/Youshouldn"t(oughtn"tto)haveletthebabyplaywiththescissors.17)Couldtheyhavearrivedtherealready?/Hecan"thavegonetoBeijing.Isawhimonlyawhileago.18)Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet./1thinkmylettermusthavebeenmiscarried.19)Thetrainmayhaveleftalready・/Theymighthavebeentherebefore・20)IwouldhavecomebutIwasverybusythen.21)Fdratheryouwentbytrain,becauseIcan"theartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.22)Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.23)JeanWagner"smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference・24)Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway・25)ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday・26)Undermorefavorableconditions,theproductionwouldhavegoneupstillmorerapidly.27)Havingknownintime，wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.28)Bomtendaysearlier,theboycouldhaveseenhislatefathe匚29)TohearhimspeakEnglish,youwouldtakehimforanEnglishman/30)Alessdifficultproblemwouldhavealreadybeensolved.31)Anhonestmanwouldn^tdosuchathing.32)Ajudiciousmanwouldn^thavecommittedsuicide.33)Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharde匚34)Onestepfurtherandyouwouldhavefallenovertheprecipice.35)Allthingsconsideredthepricewouldbereasonable.36)Anyonewhohadbeeninyourpositionwouldhavedonethesame.37)Anationwhichstoppedworkingwouldbedeadinafortnight.38)Youcouldhaveavoidedmakingsuchamistake,butyoudidn"ttakeheradvice・39)Asafelyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger;Unfortunately、itwasneverdone. 12)Saywepaidtheminadvanee,wouldtheydoit? 12)SupposeIacceptedhisoffer,whatwouldyousay?FurtherPractice1)Itisstrangethatthecar(break)downatexactlythesameplacewhereit(break)downyesterday.2)Hetalkedasifhe(do)alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandI(do)mostofit.3)Henrywouldratherthathisbrother(work)inthesamedepartmentashedoes・4)We(invite)hertothepartybutwedidn"tknowthatshe(already,come)backfromabroad.5)Today"sindustrialproduction(be)impossiblewithoutthecontributionmadebythescienceofphysics・6)Ihadn7texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped・A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmeC.himtocallmeD.thathecallme7)Iwishitbutitdid.A.occurrednotB・didnotoccurC.hadnotoccurredD.wouldnotoccur8)Thehousemasterwasverystrict.Heaskedthatwetelevisiononweeknights.A.notwatchB.shouldnothavewatchedC・mustnotwatchD.notbewatching9)JohnwouldratherJanetothepartyyesterdayevening.A.didnotgoB.notgoC・hadnotgoneD.wouldn"tgone10)"Wherehaveyoubeen?"、"Igotcaughtinthetraffic;notbewatchingIwouldhavebeenheresooner/5A.howeverB.althoughC.anywayD・otherwise11)1shouldbemosthappytogodownwithyouifIhadnotbeenbusythen.12)Noonewouldhaveattendedthelectureifyoutoldthetruthabouttheguestspeaker.13)Thelawyeraskedthatthecasewouldbepostponedforonemonth.14)ItwassuggestedthatPedrostudiesthematerialmorethoroughlybeforengtopasstheexamination.15)Theysaidi(wasimperativethathewouldbeUikentohospitalatonce.16)Isn"titprobablyabouttimethatwehaveourcarserviced?17)Ifithadn"tbeenforthedoctor"scare,Ishouldnothavebeenspeakingtoyounow.18)HisrecommendationthattheAirForceinvestigatestheUFOsightingwasapprovedbythecommissionandreferredtotheappropriatecommittee.19)ItisimportantlhathewillconfirmhisreservationsbeforeFriday.20)IfhergreatgrandfatherwouldhavelivedIhreemoreclayshewouldhavebeen100yearsold.1.特殊形式的比较结构(notmore…than,not…anymorethan,otherthan，nolessthan,notmorethan,notsostillless.—,justasgoodasorbetterthan,halfthatof)1)Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.2)Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,anymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.3)Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleambition.4)Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimeslessthantheearth;inconsequence,theforceofgravityatthemoorfssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth"ssurface・5)MercuryvelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarthsthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimethattakestheEarthtocompleteone.6)Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoftenasgoodasorbetterthananactual performance.1)Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear"smarathonwashalfthatoflastyear"s.2)Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,soistheatmosphere・3)ThespeakerclaimedthatnoothermodernnationdevotessosmallaportionofitswealthtopublicassistanceandhealththantheUnitedStatesdoes・5・从句的引导词(关联词、关系代词、由于词类转化引起的副词、名词充当连词等〉1)Asisgenerallyaccepted,economicalgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.2)Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthanexistsinthepublicmind.3)Publishedasitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention・4)Theprojectrequiresmorelaborlhanhasbeenputinbecauseitisextremelydifficult.5)Mercury"svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth"sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone・6)Ifindividualsareawakenedeachtimetheybeginadreamphaseofsleep,theyarelikelytobecomeirritableeventhoughtheirtotalamountofsleephasbeensufficient.7)Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm・8)IhavekeptthatportraitwhereIcanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysinLondon.9)Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,whensomethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.10)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.6.特殊表达法1)Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent・2)Itisn"tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJirrfscaroutquitesafely.3)Therebeingnofurtherdiscussion,thechairmanclosedthemeeting.4)Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.5)TomasteraforeignlanguagelikeEnglishrequireshardwork,soyoucan，tstudytoohard.6)Thomassaidthathewouldcomehereifneedbe.7)Cancerissecondonlyloheartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.7.特殊形式的倒装结构1)MuchasIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob・2)Tryashemight,hecouldnotfulfilthetaskalone.3)Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem.wentquitesmoothly.4)Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersdothepupilsbecomethattheirleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames- 1)NevershallIforgetthislesson.2)Onlyinthiswaywanyousolvethisproblem.3)Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagaindidwerealizethattherewasamistake.4)InnosensedoesEnglishreplacetheculturalheritageandemotionaltiesofthefirstlanguage...5)Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.6)Hetraveledagreatdealasdidmostofhisfriends.7)Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,butneitherhaditactedresponsibly.6.否定句/所有格/名词+数词作定语的复合结构1)Despitethewonderfulactingandwell-developedplotthethree-hourmovie...2)Nobodycanhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.7.一致(主谓一致，名词和代词的一致，主语和逻辑主语的一致，同动成分的一致)1)Thefootballteamconsistsof20players.2)Thefootballteamarehavingtheirdinner.3)Earlytobeandearlytoriseisagoodhabit・4)Eithertheprincipalorhisassistantsaretoattendthemeeting.5)Allweresilent./Allwassilent.6)Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.7)Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowasgivenaprize.8)Thoseofuswhoareoverfiftyyearsoldshouldgetourbloodpressurecheckedregularly.9)Inspiteoftheirsmallsize,thesecamerascantakeverygoodpictures・10)Havingbeendelayedbyheavytraffic,shefounditimpossibletoarriveontime.11)Collectingstamps,playingchessandcatchingbutterfliesareMaryashobbies.12)Theworkersinthatfactoryarefewerthanthoseinourfactory・13)TheclimateofTaiyuanisnotsopleasantasthatofXi，an.L固定搭配(介词与动词、形容词、副词的搭配)1)Thisticketentitlesyoutoafreemealinournewrestaurant.2)Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinallycalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.3)ThereareotherproblemswhichIdon^tproposetogointoatthemoment.4)Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecancountontotakecareofproblemsinhisabsence・综合练习1.2.3.4.5.6.D.anyoneD.thatD.OnIwillgivethisdictionarytowantstohaveit.A.whomeverB・someoneC.whoeverAfterhavinggonefar,Georgedidnotwanttoturnback.A.enoughB・muchC・suchallourkindnesstohelpher,Sarahrefusedtolistentous.A.AtB.ForC.InInthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesinthehome・A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD・wereworkingIdorftwanttolendanymoremoneytohim;he"salreadyindebtme.A.toB.forC.ofD.withThebusinessofeachday,sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.A.itbeingB・beitC・wasitD.itwas7.Careydidn"tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshethebabyforhersisteruntil9:30. A.musthavelookedafterC・hadtolookafterB.wouldhavetolookafterD.shouldhavelookedafter7.,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes・A.AshelikeshermuchC・ThoughmuchhelikesherB.MuchthoughhelikesherD.Muchashelikesher9・Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield・A.inviewB.inquestionC・incaseD・ineffect6.Thelong-awaitedHubbleSpaceTelescope,toorbittheEarthnextMarch,willobservesomeoftheoldeststarsinthesky.A.subjectB.owingC・availableD.due11・oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.A.TobefreeB.FreeingC.TofreeD.Freed12.Willyouthispassagetoseeifthereisanymisprint?A.lookupB.gooverC・dwellonD.workout13.Thepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoputthem.A.correctB.straightC.rightD.well14.Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguspreparethedinner,hewasactuallytheway.A.inB.byC.offD.on15.,morethan200housesandbuildingsareheatedbysolarenergy,nottomentionthebigcitiesintheregion.A.AloneinthesmalltownC・InthealonesmalltownB.InthesmallalonetownD・Inthesmalltownalone16.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.toberobbedC・tohavebeenrobbedB.robbedD.havingbeenrobbed17.Theengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject,theexpenseshaverisen.A.eventhoughB.justbecauseC・nowthatD.asthough18.Althoughwehadtoldthemnottokeepuswaiting,theymadenotospeedupdeliveries.A.trialB.attemptC・actionD.progress19.Waterwillcontinuetobeitistoday—nextinimportaneetooxygen.A.howB.whichC.asD.what20.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow・A.musthavebeenC・wereB・wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe21.1liketogotothecinemawhenIamintheforit.A.motiveB-mindC・moodD.notion22.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthanbecauseitisextremelydifficult.A.hasbeenputinC・beingputinB.havebeenputinD.tobeputin23.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.A.tobedesertedC・tohavebeendesertedB・havingdesertedD・havingbeendeserted