小学英语语法总结归纳 18页

小学常用语法句型1>be动词包括：am、is、are（l）am用于第一人称I的后而Iam（注意：无论何时都要大写，不管位于句首还是句中）彳列：IamLiMing.Iamaboy.Iamten.FminClass1・⑵is用于第三人称he（他）;she（她）;it（它）及其他单数名词的后面彳列:Heisagoodstudent.Sheismyteacher.Itisablackcat.Adogisonthedesk.（3）are用于第二人称you;第一人称复数we；第三人称复数they及其他复数名词的后面。（注意：第二人称单复数同形，都为you）彳列：Youaremygoodfriend.Weareinthesameclass.Theyaremyfriends.Thebooksareonthedesk.2.Be动词的用法口诀我（I）用am,你（you）用are,Is用于他（ht）她（she）它（it）,单数is,复数are,希望大家都记下。有be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句否定句一be动词后加not一般疑问句一be动词移到主语前肯定和否定回答Iam=Fm....Iamnot-..=Fmnot…Areyou...?Yes,Iam.No,IFnot.Youare...=you9re...Youarenot...=YouarerTt…Areyou...?Yes.Iam.NoJ?mnot.SheHeItis...二She"sHe"sMt"s…SheHeItisnot...二SheHeItisn"t…Issheheit…？Yes,sheheItis.No,sheheItisn"t.Weare=We5reWearenot••—Wearent••Arewe…？Yes,youare.No,youaren^t.Theyare=They"reTheyarenot…=Theyaren^Arethey...?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren^t.注意：上表中划线句子不能缩写，（am和not也不能缩写）无从动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句否定句一般疑问句肯定和否定回答Ilike...Idorftlike...Doyoulike...?Yes,Ido.No,Idon"t.Youlike...Youdon^tlike...Doyoulike...?Yes,Ido.No,Idon"t.HeSheItlikes...HeSheItdoesn"tlike...Doeshesheitlike...Yes,hesheitdoes.No,hesheitdoesn^t.Welike...Wedoiftlike…Dowelike…Yes,youdo.No,youdontTheylike…Theydon"tlike…Dotheylike...Yes,theydo.No,theydon"t.注意：上表中的like可以用其他的动词来替换，比如play,sing,run,sweep...人称代词和物主代词•把下面的句子变一般疑问句并写出肯定与否定回答。Heislikehismom.他长的像他的妈妈。Ishelikehismom?Yes,heisANo,heisn"t.Helikeshismom.他喜欢他的妈妈。Doeshelikehismom?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn"t.Iamastudent.一Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Theyaremyfriends.一Aretheyyourfriends?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent 构成方法读音例词1.在清辅音后读作［s］1.desk一desks[s]2.在浊辅音后读作［z］mapmaps[s]在词尾加-S3在元音后读［Z］2.field-filelds[dz]dog—dogs[z]sea—seas[z]1.class-classes[iz]1.以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加--esbox—boxes[iz]2.如词尾是e,只加-s-(e)s读作[iz]dish—dishes[iz]watch—watchestiz]2.horse—horses[iz]如词尾为-f或-fe,则一般变为-ves-ves读作1.leaf—leaves[vz][VZ]2.knife—knives[vz]以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加--es-ies读作[iz]family—families[iz]以兀音+y结尾的名词，力口-s-s读作[z]boy—boys[z]guy-guys[z]以辅音+o结尾的名词，力口-es-es读作[z]heroheroes]z]［有生命］potato—potatoes[z]tomato—tomatoes[z]以元音+0结尾的名词，力口-SHippo一一hippos【没生命】-s读作[z]radio一radios[z]zoo—zoos[z]photo-photos[z]以-th结尾的名词，加-s1.在长元音后，-ths读作［z］1.bath—baths[z]2.month—months[s]2.在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作［s］ 不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,child-childrcnfoot-feet,tooth-tccth写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsemdwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea 人称代词定义：人称代词用来代替人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。第一人称第：人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs物主代词是表示所有(拥有)关系的一种代词。物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词放在名词前。女口：Thisismybook.这是我的书Herpenisred.她的钢笔是红色的TheirteacherisMi*.Wll他们的老师是武老师。Ihavealovelycat.我有一只可爱的小猫。名词性物主代词起名词的作用，(用来代替前面提到的名词)，后面不可以再接名词。$[1：1.Yourpenisred.Mineisblack.你的钢笔是红色的，我的是黑色的。2.Hedoesn"tlikehispen.Helikesmine.他不喜欢他的钢笔。他喜欢我的钢笔。3.Thatbookishers,notyours.那本书是她的，不是你的。4.Mybookisthick.Yoursisthin.我的书是厚的，你的书是薄的。人称代词和物主代词练习题1.(she)ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit(she)2.Beijingisabigcity.(it)isinthenorthofChina.3.Whatdayis(it)today?(it)isMondaytoday.4.1haveabluebike.Buttheredoneisnot.(my)5.ThesebooksareverygoodBut(they)areveryexpensive.6.Lindaisagirl.(she)isinClassi.(she)sisterisinClass2.7.Tomismyfriend.(he)isagoodboy.8.Whattimeis(it)? 形容词的比较级&最高级一、形容词概念形容词是用来修饰物体的形状，大小，长度，属性，特点等，位于名词的前面。女口：bigfatthicklong...二、形容词比较级和最高级的意义英语中的形容词，在句子里当要表示“比较……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，GP：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。女口：longlongerlongest原级比较级最高级1・Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的钢笔很长。2・Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3・Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。三、比较级的句子结构通常是：形容词比较级用于两个事物或人的比较，比较级后而一般带有单词thano主语+be动词+形容词比较级+than+被比较的名词，Iamtallerthanyou.我比你更高。TomisyoungerthanJack.Tom比Jack大。Mybookisthickerthanyours.我的书比你的书厚。形容词变比较级的规则①一般在词尾+er,如tall-taller,cold-colder,young-younger②以e结尾的，直接+r,如fine-finer,nice-nicer③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+er,女Hfunny-funnier,lovely-lovelier,happy-happier,funny-funnier④重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+er,big--bigger,fat一fatterthin--thinner,hot——hotter,sad-一sadder,（大，胖，瘦，热要双写）⑤多音节词后+more beautiful—morebeautifuhexpensive—moreexpensive不规则形容词比较级：good-better,bad-worse,mdnymuch-more☆注意☆1、比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：Myhairislongerthanyou.（我的头发比你更长。）比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为：Myhairislongerthanyours.或Myhairislongerthanyourhair.四、最高级：形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级后面一般带有in或of的短语。五、形容词变最高级的规则:①一般直接在词尾+est,如tall-tallcst,cold-coldest②以e结尾的，直接+st,女LIfine-finest,nice-nicest③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+est,如1funny-funniestlovely-loveliest,lovely-loveliest④重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+est,big一一biggestfat—fattestthin--thinnest,hot--hottestsad一一saddest,⑤多音节词后+mostbeautiful一一mostbeautiful,expensive一一mostexpensive注意：最高级的单词前必须用the如：Iamthetallestinourclass.我在我们班是最高的。Thispenisthemostexpensiveofthethree・这支钢笔比其余三支都贵。 二、除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的。如:many/much（原形）-more（比较级）-most（最高级）good（原形）-better（比较级）-best（最高级）bad（原形）-worse（比较级）-worst（最高级）far(原形)--further(比较级)--furthest(最高级)little/few(原形)less（比较级）-least（最高级）1.small2.short3.tall4.young5.long6.strong7.1ight8.low9.high10.slow11.fast12.high13.hard14.cheap15.bright16.dark17.cool18.fat19.big20.thin21.hot21.late22.nice23」arge24•heavy25.early26.easy27.busy28.slowly29.pretty30.funny31.dirty32.beautiful33.interesting34.expensive35.important36.different37.excited38.good/well39.bad/ill40.far3.old41.many/much二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。1•Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.2.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.3.Whois(thin),youorHelen?4.Whichpencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.5•Tomjumps(high)thanJack.6.IsLucy(thin)thanHelen?Yes,sheis.7.Myeyesare(big)thanhers.8.Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?9.Whois(early),TimorTom? 6.Whois(pretty)AprilorLily? 11・Todayis(hot)thanyesterday.12.Sunis(fat)thanBird.三、选择。()1.Theyellowshoesarethantheblueones.A.expensiveB.expensiverC.moreexpensive()2.Acowisthanarabbit.A.bigB.biggerC.biggest()3.Who"stheJeanJoanorJennet?A.thinnerB.thinestC-thinnest()4.TimisthanJack.A.funnyB.muchfunnyC-funnier()5.Fmtallerthanothersinmyclass.Fm■A.tallB.tallestC.thetallest()6.WhoisyoungerRose?A.thanB.thenC./()7.1theyoungestinourclass-A.amnotB.wasnotC.donot()8.Hisuncle^shouseisvery•A.oldB.olderC-oldest()9.Mybikeis•buthisbikeis■A.new,newB.new,newerC.new,newest()10.PleasecleanvourroomJt5snow.A.cleanB.dirtyC.tidy现在进行时的动作now.1.现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生2.现在进行时的肯定句结构为：主语+be+现在分词。例如：Heisdoinghishomework3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。例如：Heisnotdoinghishomeworknow. 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。Ishedoinghishomework?肯定回答：Yes,heis.否定回答：No,heisn"t.5.现在进行时的特殊疑问句的结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?如：Whatareyoudoingnow?你现在在干什么？Whatishedoingnow?他正在干什么？动词变现在分词规则1.一般情况下，直接加inggo-going去play-playingSzcsleep-sleeping睡2.dance-dancing跳舞5.ride-riding骑8.move-moving2.以不发3.6.移动/觉eat-eating吃do-doing做音的e结尾，去e加ing1.come-comingclose-closing关4.make-making制］造write-writing写7.take-taking拿走搬9have-having有3.双写加-ing:重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音屮间夹一个元音判断是不是重读闭咅节双写，不仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元咅字母+辅音字母结尾，还要看音标是不是符合辅音+元音+辅音结尾只有都符合才可以双写。1.sit-sitting坐2・stop-stopping停3・swim-swimming游泳4.run-running跑5.cut-cutting切6・put一putting放7.forget-forgetting忘记8.get-getting-M-注意：buy不能双写。buy-buying得9.begin-beginning开始10.hit-hitting撞现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylove1ivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen・Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom・3.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.Whatyou(do)now? 5-Look•They(have)anEnglishlesson•6.They(not,water)theflowersnow・7.Look!thegirls(danee)intheclassroom.&Whatisshedoing?She(listen)tomusic.9・It，s5o"clocknow.We(have)suppernow.10.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.一般现在时般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday•我每天六点起床。 1.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.有be动词的情况：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如I：Tamaboy.我是一个男孩。2•无be动词的情况(即有行为动词):主语+行为动词(+其它)。WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s〃或"-es"。如：HelikesChinese.他喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如I：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它？女［1：-Arcyouastudent?特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2•无be动词(即有行为动词)的变化。否定句：主语+don，t(doesn"t)+动词原形+其它。如：Idon"tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：Hedoesn，tlikebread..一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouplayfootballeveryday?当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词变单三1.一般般情况下，直接+s,如：play-playscome-comes1以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾+es,女口：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,go-goes.do-does2以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i力口es,如：study-studiesfly-fliescry-criesl.Healways(play)footballonMondays.2.Sheoften(go)toschoolat7:30am.3.Itusually(come)tomyhomeinspring.4.LiMingnever(watch)TVonSundays.1.Adog(wash)hisfaceinwate匚6.Nobody(guess)it.7.Everyone(study)Englishatschool.8.Thebabyoften(cry)atnight.一、写岀下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二甬苗击动词的屆離填1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy(be)inClass1.3.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Tom(notgo)tothezooonSundays. 1.they(like)thecat?2.Healways(watch)TVonSundays.3.Whatare(they)name?8.Thegirl(teach)me..9.SheandI(take)likePE.10.There(be)adogandacatinmyroom.11.Jack(1ike)cooking.12.They(have)twobooks.13.Myaunt(look)atme.14.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I(be)notastudent.I(be)atecher.16.She(go)toschooleveryday.17.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.18.Whooften(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang(have)playbasketbal1onSaturdays.20.—Whatday(be)ittoday?—It，sSeiturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.TomwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)2.Tdomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定冋答)3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)4.April1ikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定冋答)5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)8.JolincomesfromEngland.(对划线部分提问) 1.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般疑问句，作杏定回答） 1.SunandStarlikeswimming.（改为否定句）五、改错（划出错误的地方，将止确的写在横线上）1.2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?3.He1ikesplaygamesafterclass.4.Mr.WutcachsusEnglish.5.Shedon，tdoherhomeworkonSundays.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。女U:yesterday,lastweekend,lastSaturdayJusynow，amomentago，段时间+ago等。女U： 动词肯定式否定式有beIwas…Iwasnot(wasn5t)•••He(She,It)was…He(She,It)wasnot(wasn"t)•••We(You,They)were…We(You.They)werenotweren^t…无beI,You,He,SheJt,We,TheyworkedI,You,He,She,It,We,Theydidinaschool.not(didrTt)workedina(work)school.疑问句和简略答语动词第一人称第二人称第三人称有beWasI•••?Wereyou•••?Washe(she/it)•••?Yes,youwere.Yes,Twas•Yes,he(she/it)was.No,youweren，t.No,Iwasn，t•No,he(she/it)wasr/t•Werewe•••?Wereyou…？Werethey…？Yes,we(you)were.Yes,wewere.Yes,theywere.No,we(you)weren，t.No,wewcrcn"t.No,theyweren，t.无beDidIwork•••?Didyouwork•••?Didhe(she,it)work•••?Yes,youdid.Yes,Idid.Yes,he(she,it)did•No,youdidt.No,Ididnt・No,he(she,it)didn"t.Didwework•••?Didyouwork•••?Didtheywork•••?Yes,we(you)did.Yes,wedid.Yes,theydid.No,we(you)didn，t.No,wedidrft.No,theydidn"t.动词变过去式规则一般过去时，动词要用过去式，规则动词过去式的变化规则如下:构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形末尾加looklookedplayplayed -edvisitvisited词尾是e的动词加・dlivehopeuselovelivedhopedusedloved末尾只有-个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加・edstopplantripstoppedplannedtrippeds以“辅音字母+厂结尾的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加・edstudycarrywoiTycrystudiedcarriedworriedcried动词词尾・ed的读咅:读音例词在浊辅音和元音后面/d/played/pleid/cleaned/kli:nd/在清辅音后面/t/helpedcooked/helpt//kukt/looked/lukt/在/t/,/d/音后面/id/visitedvizitid/needed/ni:did/1.部分不规则动词的过去式come—came,go-went5leave-left,amis-was5are-were,do-did5read-read,put-put.fly-flew,buy-bought,teach-taught,bring-brought,draw-drew单项选择：从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。do)()1.Myfatherillyesterday.A.isn，tB.aren，tC.wasn，tD.weren"t()2.yourparentsathomelastweek?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were()3.TheboysinDalianlastyear.TheyherenowA.are;wereB.were;areC.was;areD.were;was()4.LindaandTplayedyesterday.A.wereB.IsC.WasD.are用适当的形式填空1・Iyesterdayafternoon.(dance)1.Italittlehillyesterday.(be)2.Mymotheryesterdayevening.(leave)3.Itothemusicyesterdaymorning.(listen) 1.Myfathertoworklastweekend.(go)2.Iabookeveryday.(read)3.Sheakitethismorning.(fly)4.Hehishomeworkeveryday.(do)写出下列单词的过去式am/isaredo/doesgoseecaneathave/hasmaketellhearreadput二把下列句子变成一般疑问句和否定句。1.1wasanursetwoyearsago.2.Shewasateacherin19903.1sawabiglioninthezooyesterday.4.1workedinaschoollastyea匚2.Thereweremanytreeslastyea匚3.Thereweremanypeopleintheparkyesterday.改错题(20)1・HowisJaneyesterday?1.Hegotoschoolbybuslastweek・2.Heoftengoeshomeat6:00lastmonth・3.Icanflykitessevenyearsago.