小学英语语法小结 7页

小学英语语法小结一、名词：有可数名词和不可数名词。1、可数名词有单数和、复数Z分。名词复数形式的构成规则：I]一般在名词词尾“S”:teacher—teachersegg—eggs以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加"“es"—lassesbox——boxesbus——buseswatch——watches3]以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i加es:story一storieslibrary一librarieshobby一hobbies4]以f,fe结尾的名词，变f,fe为v加es:life——livesleaf—leaveshalf—halvesdictionary—ictionariesknife—kniveswof—wolveswife—wives005••6:I如I如以o结尾的名词英雄芒果土豆西红柿"加es-heroesmango—mangoespotato—potatoestomato—tomatoes其余加szooskilo—kilosradio一radiosphoto——photospiano——pianos[7]不规则名词单复数形式女口：child―hildrenman—menwoman-womenfoot一feettooth一teeth[8]有的可数名词单、复数形式相同如I：JapanesexChinese、sleep.女U：1haveonesleep.Hehastwosleep.2、不可数名词没有复数形式不可数名词有：[1]milk^water>juice^tea^ice;[2]food^rice>meat、fish>chicken、bread>cheese；【3】paperxnewspaper、hair>time>money、homework、housework；不可数名词的的数量常表示如下Twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheeseabigofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater二、：人称代词人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。主格IWCyouhesheitthey宾格meUSyouhimheritthem我你们你、你们他她它他、她、它们Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.ImisseveryoneinChina•Whocanhelpme?Whatishedoing?Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.Shecan5theat.Thisdoghelpsher.TellmemoreabouttheGreatWalk三、物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。名词性物主代词含义 二形容词性物主代词+名词的含义。形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirs我的我们的你的、你们的他的她的它的他、她、它们的Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.Thisishiebag=Thisbagishis.Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.Wesay“Thinkyou^forourfood,familyandfriends.四、疑问词who谁what什么when什么时候where哪里whattime几点why为什么how怎么whose谁的howmuch多少howmany多少howold多大whatcolour什么颜色howlong多长whatday那天1、对人物提问用whoWhogaveittoyou?SimorTsfamilygaveittome.Whocanhelpme?Icanhelpyou.2、对事物或做某事施问用whatWhatdoyouwant?Iwantahotdog.Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatareyougoingtostudy?FmgoingtostudyEnglish.Whatareyougoingtodo?We9regoingtowalkaroundthelake.What^sitabout?It，saboutanimals.3、对时间提问用whenWhenareyougoingtoeat?We"regoingtoeatatha;fpasttwelve.Whenwashebom?Hewasbomin1809.4^对点钟提问用whattimeWhattimeisit?It9stwelve.Whattimedoyougetup?Igetupatsixo，clock・5、对地点提问用whereWherewasheborn?HewasborninFrance.Whereareyou?Iamonthetrain.Whereasyourmum?She^satthesupermarket.6、对原因提问用whyWhyareyouwearingaraincoat?Becauseit，sgoingtorain.7、对身体状态或方式用howHowareyou?Fmfine. Howareyougoingtogotoschool?Fmgoingtogotoschoolbybus.8、对价钱等不可数名词的数量用howmuchHowmuchisit?It^sthirteendollarsandtwenty-fivecents.Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.9、对可数名词的数量提问用howmanyHowmanybooksaretheyonthedesk?Therearethreebooksonthedesk.10、对年龄提问用howoldHowoldareyou?Pmtwelve.11、对“某人的”提问用whoseWhosecapisthis?IFsAmy，scap.Whosepenisthat?It9shispen.12、对颜色提问用whatcolourWhatcolourisit?It"sblack.13、对颜色提问用whatdayWhatdayisittoday?It"sMonday,14、对长度提问用howlongHowlongisit?lVsaboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.特殊疑问句语序：疑问词+—般疑问句语序？例:Howdoyougotoschool?疑问词【做主语】+谓词动词+……？例:Wegaveittoyou?五、时态1•一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生时的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连用。如yesterday【昨天],lastweek【上周Llastmonth【上个月lastyear【去年】，twomothsago【两个月前】等。构成：【1】肯定句：主语+动词过去式+……Hemadeavideo.否定句：主语+didn?t+动词原形+Hedidn，tmakeavideo.~般疑冋句：Did+主语+动词原形+Didhemakeavideo?[2]be动词用was,were.否定句在was,were后加noto一般疑问句把was,were提前道句首。ShewasborninAmerica.ShewasnotborninAmerica.WassheborninAmerica?2、现在进行时 表示现在进行的动作构成：主语+am/is/are+现在分词+Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.否定句在am/is/are后加not.Thebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首Arethebirdssinginginthetrees?3、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动词或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如tomorrow（明天），nextweek（下周）,nextyear（明年）等。构成：（1）主语+will+动词原形+Hewillpickuptheapples.否定句在will后加noteHewillnotpickuptheappleso一般疑问句把will提前到句首。Willhepickuptheapples?（2）主语+begoingto+动词原形+WearegoingtostudyFrencho否定句在am,is,are后加not。WearenotgoingtostudyFrencho。一般疑问句把am,is,are提前到句首。AreyougoingtostudyFrench?4、一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。构成：【1】主语+am/is/are+否定句在am/is/are后加not.—般疑问句把am/is/are提前道句首。HelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforyouandme.[2]肯定句：主语+动词原形……Theduckslikeit.否定句：主语+don,t+动词原形+Theducksdon"tlikeit.一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+?Dotheduckslikeit?[3]肯定句：主语【三单】+动词第三人称形式+……Helikesnoodles.否定句：主语+doesn,t+动词原形+HedoesiTtlikenoodles.一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+Doeshelikenoodles?六、动词过去式形式规则动词的过去式构成1、一般在动词词尾加ed女U：work-workedplay-playedwatch-watched 2、以e结尾动词在词尾加d女口：live—lived3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变i再加ed女Q:study—studiescopy—copiescry—criescarry—carnes4、有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed如：stop-stoppeddrop-dropped不规则动词的过去式规律性不强，需多加记忆。动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketookbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamfallfellrinkdrankrinnrang七、动词ing形式也是现在分词形式现在分词的构成规则1、一般在动词词尾肓接加“ing”sleep—sleepinglook-lookingwear—wearingeat—eatingsend—sendingsing—singinggo—goingjump—jumping2、以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加上“ing”write-writingcome—comingride—ridinguse—usinghave-havingmake—makingtake—takingshine-shining3＞有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”get—gettingput—puttingsit—sittingrun-runningSwim—swimmingskip—skippingshop—shopping八、动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数的构成规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”stop—stopsmake—makesread-readsplay—plays2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,先将“y”变为“i”加“es”fly-fliescarry-carriesstudy-studiesworry-worries3^以“s,x,ch,sh,o"结尾，在词尾加es”teach—teacheswatch-watchesdo—doesgo—goes九、情态动词can过去式could后加动词原形IcanwriteEnglish.Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.否定句在can,could后加notcannot二caiftcouldno匸couldiftWecan，tgonow.Ican?twriteChinese.Shecouldn"tseeandshecouldn"thear. Ican"tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan^thearhim.一般疑问句把can,could提前到句首Canyouswim?YesJcan./NoJcantCanyouspeakEnglish?CanIwritetoyourfriends? long—shortnew—oldtall—shortheavy—lighteasy—hard/difficultearly—latefat—thinwhite—blackdifferent-sameinside-outsidehot-coldgood—badclean-dirtybring—takethese—thosealways—neverwoman—manCanyoubemyChinesepenpal?Yes,ofcourse.十、反义词big-smallyoung—oldup—downcry—laughhappy—sadthis—that十一、同音词for—fourson—sunhour—ourtoo—tworight—writeeye—Iaren^t—auntWhere—weartheir-thereby-buy十二、近义词good—wellstudy—learn十三、缩写形式与完整形式Iam=I5mthatis=that"sson—sunsent-centsee—seaweare=werecannot=can^theis二he，ssheis=she，swhatis=what"sletus=let9stheyare=they5reyouare=you,recouldnot=couldn^tshouldnot=shouldn?titis二ifswillnot二won"tF11=IwillweTl=wewilldonot二dorftdoesnot=doesn5tdidnot=didn9tIthasgot二it，sgotIhavegot=Fvegothavenot=haven51hasnot=hasn，tarenot-aren^isnot=isn9t十四、小学英语分类单词和词组天气：rain下雨snow下雪rainy有雨的snowy有雪的hot炎热的cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的windy有风的sunny晴朗的食物：hamburger汉堡hotdog热狗sandwich三明治chicken鸡肉chip薯条fish鱼肉meat肉noodles面条rice米饭soup汤cake蛋糕bread面包cheese奶酪