英语语法专题--时态学案 10页

形式时间一般进行完成现在dodoesamisdoingarehavedonehas过去didwasdoingwerehaddone将来shalldowill过去将来shoulddowould一般现在时1.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在的状态或经常的习惯性动作，常和always,often,usually,everyday,onSundays,sometimes等时间的状语连用。Igotoschoolat6everymorning.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.表示永恒的真理或者客观事实。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。3.表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。常用的这类动词有：come,go,begin,start,leave,arrive,return,be,stop等。Thefilmbeginsat7:30.电影7:30开始。Thenextbusleavesat11:00.下一辆公共汽车11:00离开。4.在时间或者条件状语从句中，主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句谓语动词用一般现在时。“主将从现”。I"lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.5.否定形式：Idon’tlikeplayingfootball.Hedoesn’tlikereadingbooks.6.一般疑问句：Doyoulikereadingbooks?Yes,Ido/No,Idon’tDoeshelikereadingbooks?Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn’t即学即练1.用动词的适当形式填空1.Doeshe_________(like)______________(jump)?2._________youstudyEnglishatschool?Yes,I___________.(do)3.We_________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.4.Mike________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning5.Ican________(draw)manybeautifulpictures.6.I________(write)toyouassoonasI_______(get)toLondon.10 2.改写句子Ihavemanybooks.改为否定句：_______________________________________________________改为一般疑问句+肯定回答_______________________________________________主语改为she:__________________________________________________________对划线部分提问：______________________________________________________一般过去时1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。常用时间状语有：yesterdaymorning/afternoon,lastnight/month/year,threedaysago,in1999,justnow,atthattime等。例：Iwasastudenttwoyearsago.两年前我是一个学生。2.一般过去时的句式结构：肯定句式：主语+过去式否定句式：主语+助动词didn"t+动词原形疑问句式：助动词Did+主语+动词原形？特殊疑问句式：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？3.—般过去时的用法：(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Wesawherinashopthismorning.今天早上我们看见她在一家商店里。(2)表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。Heusuallywenttoschoolbybikelastyear.他去年通常骑自行车去学校。Mybrotherwasoftenlateforschoollastweek.上个星期我弟弟经常上学迟到。(3)表示刚刚发生的事情。Whatdidyousay?你说什么？训练第一关：小小单词难不到我。请写出下列动词的过去式。  want      __     arrive       __    enjoy        ___    go     ___       buy     __   _   see        ___ _   break  _   __     put    ____          训练第二关：生病的句子能奈我何？请在仔细诊断每个句子后，把正确的句子写在横线上。1.Wegotoschoolearlyyesterday.___________________________________________2.Shebuyedadresslastweek.___________________________________________3.Didyoulikedplayingfootball?___________________________________________4.Wedidn’tflewkiteslastmonth.___________________________________________训练第三关：用所给动词的适当形式填空10 1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?4.______he_______(fly)akiteonSundays?Yes,he______.5.GaoShan_______(put)upthepicturelastnight.现在进行时1.基本结构：1）陈述句：am/is/are+doing2）否定句：am/is/are+not+doing3）一般疑问句：Am/is/are+主语+其他成分?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be。否定回答：No,主语+be+not。They’rehavingameeting.他们在开会。　　I’mstudyingataneveningschool.我在上夜校。　　IsMikecominghomeonThursday？迈克星期四回来吗？　　They’rehavingapartynextweek.下星期他们将开一个晚会。Sheisnotworkingforthecompanynow。她现在已经不在这家公司上班了2.用法1）“说话、写文章的当下”正在发生的动作。例如：　　Theyarehavingafootballmatch.他们正在赛足球。。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。　　HeispreparingforCET-6.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。　　Howareyougettingalongwithyournewjob？你那份新工作干得怎么样？3）有时，现在进行时也与always等副词连用，表示反复出现的习惯性动作，用以表达说话人赞扬，讨厌等情绪。例如：Heisalwaysthinkingofothers,notofhimself.他总是为他人着想，而不为自己（表示赞许）。　Oneofmyroommatesisconstantlyleavingthingsabout.我的一个室友老是乱扔东西（表示不满）。　Somesellersareoftenknockingatourdoorandpromotingtheirproductstous.有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品（表示不喜欢）。3.特殊用法现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：　　I’mleavingtomorrow.我明天走。　　They’regettingmarriednextmonth.他们下个月结婚。现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来，区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，强调计划性；而一般现在时表示将来，则多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况：10 eg.I’mnotgoingoutthisevening.今晚我不准备出去。eg.Whattimedoesthetrainleave?火车什么时候开?4.即学即练：1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.　否定句：___________________________________________________________　一般疑问句：_______________________________________________________　肯定回答：_________________________________________________________　否定回答：_________________________________________________________　对Theboy提问：____________________________________________________2.用所给动词的正确形式填空1）．Mr.Zhen_______________(read)abooknow.2).Therabbits_________________(jump)now.3).Look!TomandJohn________________(swim).过去进行时1.基本结构：1）陈述句：主语+was/were+doing2）否定句：主语+was/werenot+doing3）一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+doing?肯定回答：yes,主语+was/were否定回答：No，主语+was/were+notIwashavingatalkwithLiHuaatthattime.那时，我正在跟李华谈话。Wewerehavingsupperwhenthephonerang.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了｡ThistimeyesterdayJackwasnotwatchingTV.昨天这个时候杰克不是看电视。Washerepairinghisbike?他当时是在修理自行车吗？2.用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如：Hefellasleepwhenhewasreading.他看书时睡着了3.特殊用法表示过去将来要发生的动作。例如：WhenNationalDaywascomingnear,theybegantomakeaplanfortheholiday.国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。ShetoldmethatshewasgoingtoHainanforherholiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。4.即学即练：用所给动词的正确形式填空1）A:Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?B:Yes,hewas.He_____(listen)totheradio.2）A:What_____you___(do)atthattime?B:We_____(watch)TV.单项选择1.I______amealwhenyou_____me.10 A.cooked,wereringingB.wascooking,rangC.wascooking,wereringingD.cooked,rang2.Hesaidhe_____todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.A.triesB.triedC.wastryingD.willtry综合练习：一．用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Listen!Someone_________________(come).2.They___________________(catch)butterfliesyesterday.3.He______________________(do)anexperimenttomorrow.4.Tom__________________(watch)TVinthediningroomat8lastnight.5.Comeon.They_________________(leave)now.6.We_______________________(eat)fishtonight.7.Myfather__________________(work)forthecompany二．单项选择1.Whileshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroom.A.waswatching,washearingB.watched,washearingC.watched,heardD.waswatching,heard2.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_____backA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came3.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,____?_____,hedoes.A.doeshe…NoB.doeshe…YesC.doesn"the…NoD.doesn"the…Yes4.They_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.A.werewatchingB.watchC.watchedDarewatching5.Whatbook____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoon?A.did,read,wasseeingB.did,read,sawC.were,reading,sawD.were,reading,wasseeing6.______asportsmeetlastSunday?Yes,they______.A.Didtheyhave…didB.Didtheyhave…hadC.Hadthey…hadD.Hadthey…did7.I_____tothecinema.I______thereeverySunday.A.go…goB.amgoing…goC.go…amgoingD.amgoing…amgoing8.____you_____outforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I______.A.Did…went…wentB.Did…go…wentC.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did9.LeiFeng_____always_____ofotherswhenhe______inthearmy.A.is,thinking,wasB.was,thinking,isC.did,think,isD.was,thinking,was10.Heoften_________supperat6:00inthe10 evening.A.have   B.has    c.ishaving    D.iseating11.Hisparentswantedtoknowhowhe_____onwithhisnewclassmates.A.wasgettingB.getsC.isgettingD.willget12.We_____________anyChineseclassesonFriday.A.arehaving B.aren’thaving C.don’thave D.arehave13--Whendidthecomputercrash?--Thismorning,whileI___thereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.A.havesortedB.wassortingC.amsortingD..hadsorted14“Themoment_____soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A.cameB.hascomeC.wascomingD.iscoming15—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?--Sorry.I____atextmessagejustnow.A.hadansweredB.haveansweredC.wouldanswerD.wasanswering现在完成时1.句式结构：肯定句式：主语+助动词have(has)+过去分词否定句式：主语+助动词haVe(has)+not+过去分词疑问句式：助动词Have(Has)+主语+过去分词2.用法：①表示动作在过去发生，且终止于过去，但其结果对现在仍有影响。常与以下时间状语连用：already（已经），just（刚刚），yet（已经，还），ever（曾经）,never（从不）,recently（最近）,thelastfewyears（前几年）等。Hehasalreadygonethere.他已经去那里了。②表示开始于过去并持续至今，且还有可能继续下去的动作。此时通常可与表示一段时间的状语连用。Theyhavestayedinthevillageforsixyears.他们已经在这个村庄呆了六年。③现在完成时常与“for+表示时间段的词”或“since+表示时间点的词”连用，前者表示“用了……时间”，后者表示“自……起”。Wehavestudiedhereforfiveyears.我们已经在这儿学习了五年。Hehasn"tvisitedhisparentsagainsince1999.自1999年起他没有再次去看过他的父母。3.特别提示：①现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语（yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in1998等）连用。②英语的瞬间动词（arrive,come,go,begin,join,leave,die,buy,find,lose等）不能用于现在完成时与“for+一段时间”的词组连用。③常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有“for+时间段”，“since+时间点（从句）”，sofar,upto/tillnow,in(for,during)thepast/last…years等。10 ③在This/That/Itisthefirst/second/third/…time（that）…句型里，从句要用现在完成时。It’sthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.这是我第一次来这儿。练习：1.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD..haswritten2._____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_____toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived3.--______you___yourhomeworkyet?--Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did,do;finishedB.Have,done;finishedC.Have,done;havefinishedD.will,do;finish过去完成时基本结构：had+动词的过去分词1.发生在“过去的过去”WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.2.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.过去完成时解析一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去"。　　-----------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------->　　过去的过去　         过去              现在　　　　　　二、过去完成时的判断依据1.由时间状语来判定　与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。　　如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo"clocklastnight. （2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。　　如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+过去的时间点。　　如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由"过去的过去"来判定。10 过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore. （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.3.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn"tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.练习：1.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned         B.waslearning     C.hadlearned       D.learnt2.She______livedherefor______years.A.had, afew     B.has, several   C.had, alotof  D.has, agreatdealof3.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.   hascompleteduniversity                  B.hascompletedtheuniversityB.   hadcompletedanuniversity               D.hadcompleteduniversity一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算，计划或准备做某事。2.基本结构：am/is/aregoingtodo…Sheisgoingtogoshoppingtomorrow.will/shall+doIwill/shallgotoBeijingnextweek.一般疑问形式：①be放于句首，eg,Areyougoingtobeateacherwhenyougrowup?②will/shall放于句首eg,Shall/willwegoshoppingtomorrow?3.注意：有时用现在进行时表示将来。如，WeareleavingforLondon.我们就要动身去伦敦了。Sheisgoingtheretomorrow.他明天要去那里。10 4.用法：①要在将来的某个时间内发生，是“纯粹的将来动作”。Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.②表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性Whoisgoingtospeakfirst?③按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事Thenewbridgeistoopentotrafficin3days.练习：1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe2.Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn"tworkingB.doesn"tworkingC.isn"tgoingtoworkingD.won"twork3.He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe过去将来时概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常常用于宾语从句中。2基本结构：①was/weregoingtodo…Shesaidshewasgoingtoseemethenextday.②would/shoulddo…Iwould/shouldcome.一般疑问句：was/were放于句首WeretheygoingtostartanewjobwhenIsawthemthen?当我见到他们时，他们正打算开始新的工作吗？would/should放于句首wouldhecomethenextday?他第二天会来吗？练习：1.Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend2.Wewerenotsurewhetherthey______morevegetables.A.aregoingtogrowB.weregoingtogrowC.willgrowD.havegrown时态综合练习：1.—Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity,MrSmith?—It_____yearssinceIcamehere.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.maybe2.—Where’sMary?—Ithinkshe_____inthelibrary.Youknowsheneverwastestime.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.isstudyingD.willstay10 3.—Haveyourepairedyourbike,Bob?—Yes,I_____ittwentyminutesago.A.haverepairedB.repairC.hadrepairedD.repaired4.—Shallwegoshoppingnow?—Sorry,Ican’t.I_____myskirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing5.—______youever______totheUSA?—Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.Were;going6.—Tom,canIborrowyourmagazine?—Sorry,I_____ittoMary.A.lentB.havelentC.hadlentD.lend7.—ThefilmFoundingCeremonyisreallyinteresting.—Yeah,I______ittwice.A.haveseenB.seeC.willseeD.hadseen8.—HowaboutyourtriptoJapan?—Wehaven’tdecidedyet.ButI’llletyouknowassoonaswe____thefinaldecision.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.aremaking9.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hesaidthattheearth______aroundthesun.A.goB.goesC.goingD.willgo10.BythetimeI______backtoschool,myclassmates______fortheirP.E.class.A.came;haveleftB.came;hadleftC.come;leftD.hadcome;left10