英语语法 动词不定式 3页

动词不定式的时态和语态语态主动语态被动语态时态一般时todotobedone完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone进行时tobedoing完成进行时tohavebeendoing不定式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或者是在其后发生的。e.g.Thousandsofyoungpeoplearelearningtoski.Wherecanwegetsomesicklestocuttherice.不定式的进行式表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行着。另外，不定式的进行时也可以表示“即将发生”。e.g.:Ihatetobelyinginbedlikethiswhileotherstudentsarehavingclass.不定式的完成式A.用在intended,expected,meant,hoped,promised,wanted,planned,wished,thought,desired,waswere等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态，tohavedone表示动作，tohavebeen表示状态。e.g.:Ihopedtohavefinishedtheworkearlier.Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou.Sheintendedtodothat,butshedidn’t.Shehadintendedtodothat.Sheintendedtohavedonethat.B.用在seem,appear,think,consider,believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。e.g.:Iseemtohaveseenhersomewherebefore.Hewasbelievedtohavebeenareporter.C.在should/wouldlike或should/wouldhaveliked后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。e.g.:Ishouldhavelikedtohaveseenherfacewhenshereadtheletter.Iwouldliketohavegivenhimadefiniteanswer.我但愿曾经给过他明确的答复。（现在愿望，现在知道已不能实现。）Iwouldhavelikedtohavegivenhimadefiniteanswer.我当时就但愿给他过明确的答复。（过去的愿望，当时已知不能实现。）1.不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定是在to前面加not，（有时也用never表示强调）e.g.Shedecidednottobelateagain.Hepromisednevertomakesuchastupidmistake.Iregrettednottohavestartedearlier.2.不定式在句中的作用动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、补语、表语和主语等成份。Ａ．作主语Toliveistowork.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.不定式作主语时，表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。有时为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式主语。1._______isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold．　A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Infact________isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.　　A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it3.Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion____________________.A.tobepaidmorethanamonthlater3 B.tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC.topaylaterthanamonthmoreD.topaylatermorethanamonthB.作表语　HisjobistoteachEnglish1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,________itmoredifficult.　　A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.Thetwopresidentsagreewitheachotheronthewhole,butmuchremains_______atthefollowingmeeting.A.discussingB.discussedC.todiscussD.tobediscussedC.作宾语IlearntospeakJapanese.Theydecidedtobegintheexperimentatonce.Iwishtobeacollegestudent.不定式作宾语，通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。1.Weagree________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.　A.havingmetB.meeting　C.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Mr.Johnsonpreferred_____________heavierworktodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegiving　　C.tohavegiven　　　D.havinggiven注意：一些系动词，如appear,come,fail,get,happen,prove,seem,turnout等后面接不定式。1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _________ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen   C. seeing    D. seenD.作宾语补足语a.在主动语态中作宾语补足语Ilikeyoutodoitthisway.PleaseaskJohntoturnonthelight.b.在被动语态的句子中成为主语补足语Weareadvisedtowait.Theyareallowedtotalkintheclassroomafterclass.E.作定语a.动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面：Hesaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.b.如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词：Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.c.有些名词常用不定式作定语Beforeliberationhehadnochancetogotoschool.Ourteacherhadnotimetothinkaboutrest.Shewasthefirst(person)tothinkoftheidea.1.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.　A.sit　B.siton　C.beseat　D.besaton2.Wouldyoupleasegivemeapieceofpaper_______?A.towrite　B.towriteonC.towritewith　D.tobewritten不定式作定语①不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作。Themeeting__________nextweekisofgreatimportance.(hold)1.Ifthebuildingproject_____bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.3 A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completed2.Firsthemadealistofthenamesofthose_________.Thenhebegantowritetheinvitationcards.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.tobeinvitedD.havingbeeninvitedＦ．作状语a.作目的状语Hesatdowntohavearest.Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.b.作结果状语Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.c.在某些表示喜，怒，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语Iamverygladtoseeyou.Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.d.在带有enough或too的句子中，作状语，表示程度Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.Sheistootiredtodothejob.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.1.________ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster’sdegree.A.Tobecome　　B.Become　C.Onebecomes　　D.Onbecoming2.---Whyaretheypullingdownthehouses?---____________anewparkinglot.A.BuildB.TobuildC.BuildingD.Built3.不定式省略to的情况A.在feel,listento,make,let,have,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等词后，接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语．B.在wouldrather(wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner)…than,ratherthan等结构的than之后用不带　to　的动词不定式：Iknowbetterthandosuchathing.Heinsistedongoingbacktohisworkratherthanstayinhospital.C.在以Why引导的疑问句中用省略to的不定式：Whyworryaboutit?Whynotyougotherebybike?D.在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后接不带to的不定式Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.E.在but,except,besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带toIhavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim.F.为了避免重复，不定式可省去toI’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.3