高考冲刺高中英语语法——状语从句 9页

状语从句导言：状语从句就像一个花样年华的少女，婀娜多姿（类型很多），意会了每个姿态（主从句的意思），也就欣赏到那丝眼神的含义（连接词）。是不是觉得学状语从句很有意思呢？最新原创题热身后，Goody同您一起欣赏婀娜多姿的状语从句少女！最新原创热身运动：1.______ApplegavenosalesfiguresforitsrecentlyreleasedAppleWatch,itdidsaythecurrentquarterwasoffto“anexcitingstart”.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Because2.Chinahassent158engineerstoTibet_______theycanrestoretelecommunicationfacilitiesdestroyedbySaturday’searthquake.A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat3.ChinaconfirmsPLAtotakepartinRussia"sVictoryDayparade,______unexpectedterriblethingshappen.A.whenB.becauseC.beforeD,unless【答案揭晓】BCD一、状语从句的定义关键词：状语，修饰，位置，引导词状语从句(adverbialclause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词和句子等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。1.Whentheplanearrived,someofthedetectiveswerewaitinginsidethemainbuildingwhileotherswerewaitingontheairfield.2.Tom,unlessheissupportedbyakinder,can"taffordtogotoXiamenUniversity.3.Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间.地点.原因.目的.结果.方式.让步.条件.比较等九种。 时间when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,assoonas,once,themoment,immediately,theday,nosooner…than,hardly/carcely…when,theminute,thesecond,every/eachtime地点Where,wherever,everywhere条件if,unless,providing/providedthat,as/solongas,onconditionthat,suppose/supposingthat,incase,onlyif原因because,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat,inviewofthefactthat(鉴于)让步though,although,evenif/though/,as,while,whatever,wherever,whoever,however,nomatter+wh词，forallthat,granting/granted,whether…or,inspiteofthefactthat,despitethefactthat比较as…as,notthesameas,notso…as,than方式as,asif/though/theway目的that,sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest结果sothat,so…that,such…that一、状语从句的分类（一）时间状语从句1.when,while&asMotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas/when/whilefatherwasawayinFrance.When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.【解析】as/when/while引导的从句中的谓语动词wasaway，waswalking是持续性的状态和持续性动作，三者可互换，特别注意的是while引导的从句中的动词必须是持续性的！IwashalfwaybacktothehospitalwhenSusancaughtupwithme.OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleave,whenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.HewasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerangWewereonthepointofwatchingTVwhensuddenlythelightswentout.Tomwasgoingtohavedinnerwhenthedoorwasopened.【解析】由以上从句中的黑体动词，如caughtupwith,heard,rang,wentout,wasopened可以看出，when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以为短暂性动词，这里不能跟while互换；此外beaboutto,beonthepointofdoing,和begoingto经常跟when（=atthattime)连用成固定搭配。Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases．.Justastheflyingwormhitherface,shegavealoudcry.Thelittlegirlssangastheywent．【解析】as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。注：I"llphoneyouagainwhenIgethome.主谓宾状时间状语从句Idon"tknowwhenI"llseeheragain.主谓宾语从句I’llneverforgettheyearswhen（=inwhich)IlivedwiththeTibetans.主状谓宾定语从句（修饰theyears)【解析】由这三句句式结构的分析，分别可以得出这三个复合句的类型。2.一.......就(1)assoonas,once一Doyoumeanwearealmostrunningoutoffood?一Yeah.Assoonasthecannedandfrozenfoodsareusedup.Oncethenewsoftwareisinstalled,customerswillbeabletoplaceordersovertheInternet. (2)immediately,directlyIrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.IcamedirectlyIgotyourmessage.【解析】immediately,directly在这些例句中是做连词用，相当于assoonas，而不是起副词的功能。(3)themoment,theminute,theinstantIwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoicetheminuteIpickedupthephone.Hesaidhe"dphoneyouthemomenthegothome.TheinstantIsawhim,Iknewhewasthemanfromtherestaurant.【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能，相当于assoonas,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词，如atthemoment。(4)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...whenHehadsoonerarrivedthanthetroublestarted.=NosoonerhadhearrivedthanthetroublestartedHehadhardlyfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.【解析】在这两个句型当中得注意两点：一是否定词放句首引起主句部分倒装；二是全句的时态经常是用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用过去式。3.every/each/anytime,thenexttime,thefirsttime,allthetimeEverytime/EachtimemyfathercomestoBeijing,hegoestovisittheMonumenttothePeople"sHeroeswithrespect.Anytimeyouareintrouble,justturntomeforhelp..He"dletmedownmorethanoncesothenexttimeheaskedmeforafavour,Igavehimthebrushoff.Thegirlstillremembersthatshewastoonervousthefirsttimeshegaveaspeechinthefaceofsuchabigcrowd.AllthetimeI"mthinking,weareallobsolete.【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能，切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词，如atanytime等。4.beforeTheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.【解析】before意为“在......之前......”，根据句意可译为“过了多久后才.....”SheleftthecompanybeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.【解析】before意为“在......之前......”，根据句意可译为“来不及；尚未.......就.....”Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnotbeforeheavydamagehadbeencaused.【解析】before意为“在.......之前.......”，解题时要关注主从句动词的时态。I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong，butit’llstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback..【解析】before常用于以下句型：Itwill(not)be+时间段+before….表示“要过多久/不久…才…”Itwasnotlong+before…表示“不久就….”Itwas+时间段+before…表示“过了多久才…”5.sinceThenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoitslowestlevelsincerecordsbeganin1971.【解析】since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。（一）地点状语从句Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown，pleasedoastheRomansTheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpwhereverthereishumansuffering.注：1.You"dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions. 主语谓语宾语地点状语从句2.You"dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhere(=atwhich)youhaveanyquestions.主语谓语宾语地点状语定语从句（修饰theplace)3.Idon"tknowwhereIammistaken.主语谓语宾语从句【解析】由以上句式结构的分析，得出第1句为地点状语从句，第2句为定语从句，第3句为宾语从句，要注意这几种从句的区别。（一）条件状语从句1.Unlessyou"vetriedit，youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.2.Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees，butunlesstheyhaveeggsoryoungchicks，theydon’tuseanest.3.Intimeofseriousaccidents，ifweknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.4.—Petertoldmehewantedtocomewithus.IsitOKforyou?—Idon’tmindaslongashepaysforhismeals.5.Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouseincasethereisapowerout.6.Supposethatthiscircleistheworld,andthatthecenterofthecircleisGod7.Ishallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnitnolaterthantomorrow.8.Thegameisnotverydifficultonceyouunderstandtherules.9.Youcanborrowthecar,providingthat/providedIcanhaveitbackbysixo"clock.10.ItoldhimIwouldworkforhimonlyifIcouldhaveafingerinthepie.【解析】unless是考试中的高频考点，要特别关注。（二）原因状语从句1.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedtobecauseI’llseehimtomorrow.2.TheinfluenceofautomobileextendsthroughouttheeconomyasthecarissoimportanttoAmericanpeople.3.Sinceourcountryhassomanygoodtable-tennisplayers，wehavetodecideonthebestonestotakepartinthegame.4.Itmustbemorningforthebirdsaresinging.5.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcantravel.6.Howcantheylearnanythingwhentheyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingtelevision?7.Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.8.Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there"snoreasonwhyweshouldnowhelphim.9.InviewofthefactthatIwastired,Ifellasleepsoon.【解析】（1）原因词汇区别位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because主句前.后直接因果关系强能能Since/nowthat主句前双方已知原因较强不能不能as主句前.后双方已知原因较弱不能不能for主句后补充解释说明弱（并列连词）不能不能（2）例句7中的when，也可以表示原因，意为：since既然，考虑到。（三）让步状语从句1、“虽然.....，尽管......”(1).（A)Scientistas/thoughheis，heisstillasmodestasbefore，whichalwaysmovesallthepeoplewhoknowhim. (2).Unlikelyas/thoughitmightseem,I"mtiredtoo.(3).MuchasIlikeit,Iwon"tbuyit,forit"stooexpensive.(4).Tryasshemight,Suecouldn"tgetthedooropen.(5).Although/thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.(6).Heisunhappy,although/thoughhehasalotofmoney.(7).Whydoesshestealthingswhenshecouldeasilyaffordtobuythem?(8).Whilehehaswonlotsofprizes,hestillremiansmodest..【解析】（1）though既可以和as互换于表语、谓语或者状语提前的倒装句中，也可以和although互换放在句首或者句中，也就是though可以用倒装，也可以不用倒装，although一定不能用于倒装。（2）as表“虽然”时引导的从句，一定得用倒装，既从句中的表语.状语或者动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时冠词要省略。（3）Although/though可以与副词yet,still连用，但不能与连词but连用。（4）when=eventhoughsomethingistrue和while=inspiteofthefactthat注：Iwanttotrymyhandatpolitics,orgobacktothelaw.Idon"twanttogotoschoolforit,though。（副词，非连词，解释为“然而，但是”，常置于句末，带逗号。）1、“即使......”（1）Onceagainhefailedtohandinhishomework,eventhoughhehadbeengivenenoughtimetodoit．（2）Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice，eveniftheyknewittobevaluable.3.“不管....;无论......，尽管......”（1）Whateverhappens,nevertakeanoverdoseofthismedicine.(whatever=notmatterwhat)whatever+谓语（2）Healwayshasaneyetomakingmoney,whateverhisplansare.whatever+主语+系动词（3）Whateverpartheisplaying,hisowncharacterstillshowsthrough.whatever+n.+主语+谓语（4）Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleephowevermuchwork(=whateverwork)youhavetodo.(however=notmatterhow)however+much+n.+主+谓（5）Howevergreatthedifficultiesmaybe,wecanovercomethem.however+adj.+主+谓（6）Howevermuchyoumaybeghim,youwillgetlittleornothing.however+adv.+主+谓+宾【解析】上面的结构分析已经很好地区分了whatever和however的区别，特别强调的是，在whatever的结构当中，如果其后面所加的名词被much修饰，必须改为however。（7）Whereveryouwork,youmustservethepeoplewholeheatedly.(wherever=notmatterwhere)（8）AslongasIcanremember,wheneverIcalled，hiswifewouldanswerthephone.(whenever=notmatterwhen)注：以上所有例句中都是让步状语从句，故上文句中“连词+ever可以替换nomatter+连词”，但是在状语从句当中，nomatter+连词才能够替换连词+ever，名词性从句当中则不可以。换句说，“nomatter+连词”只能引导状语从句，“连词+ever”既可以引导状语从句（=nomatter+连词），也可以引导名词性从句。（9）Whoeverbreakstheschoolwindowswillbeintrouble!主语从句系动词表语（10）I"llfindthepersonwhodidthis,whoever(=nomatterwho)heis. 主谓宾定状语从句（11）Look,Kate,Iamcallingthedoctor,whetheryoulikeitornot.（12）Inspiteofthefactthatitissnowing,sheisgoingoutforawalk.,（13）Despitethefactthatsheisshort,sheisanexcellentbasketballplayer.（一）比较状语从句（1）SheisaskindasthePrincessSnowWhite,assmartasBlueSprite,asbraveasHuaMulan.（2）Practicallessons,likecookery,arenotconsideredasimportantasmaths.（3）Oursuccesswasconsiderednotsomuchtoyourhelpastoourcooperation（4）ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.（5）Peter"sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack"s,butitcosttwiceasmuchashis.（6）Nopersoniseithersohappyorsounhappyasheimagines.（7）Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.（8）Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.（9）Therewerenotsomanyticketsavailableas(they)wereaskedfor.（10）Youseemedtounderstandhumannatureaswellas(youunderstand)science.【解析】as.....as......肯定结构，及notso/as......as......否定结构（so....as....不能用于肯定结构）的平级比较结构（11）Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.（12）Hedrivesfasterandmoredangerouslythanyou.（13）ThistestislesssimplethanIexpectedittobe.（14）Thereweremorecasualtiesthanwasreported.(=thanitwasreportedtherewere)【解析】......形容词/副词比较级+than......（15）Takingthismedicinehelpstorelievehisheadache,andmakeshimlessill-temperedthanbefore.【解析】上下文判断的比较级结构。比如时间状语.条件状语等。（16）Sheboughttheleastexpensivetowelsthatshecouldfind.（17）Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.（18）Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.（19）Hehasneverbeensohappyasheistoday.（20）Thisteacherexplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.（21）Herunsasfastassomeofclassmatesinhisclass【解析】以上为最高级的结构，句子中都有一个表示范围的结构。（22）Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.（23）Themorehethought,theangrierhegrew.【解析】“比较级+主语+谓语，比较级+主语+谓语”结构。（24）Ithinkshe"smoreshythanunfriendly.（25）Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.（26）SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.【解析】比较级的某些特殊结构。 （27）Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.【解析】比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather,much,still,even,far,any,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等。（28）ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.【解析】最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike.（一）方式状语从句（1）ButAmericansstilltalkabout“fall”justaspeopledoinsomepartsofwesternEngland（2）Themountainappearsasifitwerecoveredwithsnow.（3）Theyliveasiftheywillneverdie,anddieasthoughtheyhadneverlived.（4）IfeelasifIhaveafever.【解析】asif或asthough引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气，但如果所表达的情况有可能发生，也可用陈述语气，如最后一个例句。（二）目的状语从句（1）I"dliketoarrive20minutesearlysothatIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.（2）Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.（3）Heworkedhardforfearthatheshouldfail（4）IwillnotmakeanoiselestI(should)disturbyou.（5）Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.【解析】常用的连词有：sothat（以便），inorderthat（为了；以便），lest（免得；唯恐），forfearthat（生怕；以免）,从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词（三）结果状语从句（1）Thereissorapidanincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused.=Thereissuchanrapidincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused（2）Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn"tsupporthisfamily.（3）Tomissoselfishthatheisalwaysignoringother"sfeelings.【解析】so+adj.+a/an+n.+that....;so+many/much/little/few(多或者少）+n.+that...;so+adj./adv.+that......;（4）Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.（5）Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallrespectthem.（6）Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.【解析】such+a/an+adj.+n.+that......such+n.(pl)/u.n.+that......（7）Thecompanydoubleditssalesforcewiththeresultthatthesalesriseby26%.一、状语从句的解题策略 前面我们已经知道什么是从句了，尤其是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和定语从句这一节总结一下状语从句。如何判断是考状语从句的题呢？您就这样想算了，选项中出现的连词个数有很多，范围也很大Before，While，Since，bythetime，nomatterwhat，aslongas，onceincase，eventhough，although等，一般这个题是考状语从句的题目。提醒您：既然是状语，那么横线后的那个句子一般是不会缺少主语，宾语，表语，它们就是只缺少状语，也就是说句子中就是缺少一个连接句子的词，因此你只要把选项的意思带到句子中看看哪个意思最好就是答案。例题：Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdo______Iamhappy.A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough选项中出现的连词A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough这个是考状语从句的题了。横线后Iamhappy.是主系表结构，缺状语。eventhough即使，尽管assoonas一.....就aslongas只要asthough好像。把词语带进去句子中，发现只有aslongas只要翻译通顺-------我的父母亲不介意我从事啥工作，只要我过得幸福。【解析】状语从句常考的连词有：when,while,before,unless,as,because,一、状语从句的经典考题1.Idon"tbelievewe"vemetbefore,_______Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A.thereforeB.althoughC.sinceD.unless2.Thisrestaurantwasn"t_______thatotherrestaurantwewentto.A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodasC.asgoodashalfD.goodashalfas3.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after4.—Lookatthoseclouds!—Don’tworry.______itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.IncaseD.Ifonly5.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties____itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since6.Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhashegoestoanewplace.A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.however7.Everythingwasplacedexactly___________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.A.whileB.whenC.whereD.though8.One’slifehasvalue________onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.A.sothatB.nomatterhowC.aslongasD.exceptthat9.________IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.A.WhileB.OnceC.IfD.Until10.________hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whenever11.Hot_______thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.however12.—Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry,youcan’t________youhaven’trecoveredfromthekneeinjure. A.untilB.beforeC.becauseD.unless13.Mikewasusuallysocareful,______thistimehemadeasmallmistake.A.yetB.stillC.evenD.thus14.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif15.ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime______wemeetthemagain.A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.when【参考答案】BAAABACCAABCACC