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  • 2022-06-17 15:59:26 发布

高考冲刺高中英语语法——状语从句

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状语从句导言:状语从句就像一个花样年华的少女,婀娜多姿(类型很多),意会了每个姿态(主从句的意思),也就欣赏到那丝眼神的含义(连接词)。是不是觉得学状语从句很有意思呢?最新原创题热身后,Goody同您一起欣赏婀娜多姿的状语从句少女!最新原创热身运动:1.______ApplegavenosalesfiguresforitsrecentlyreleasedAppleWatch,itdidsaythecurrentquarterwasoffto“anexcitingstart”.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Because2.Chinahassent158engineerstoTibet_______theycanrestoretelecommunicationfacilitiesdestroyedbySaturday’searthquake.A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat3.ChinaconfirmsPLAtotakepartinRussia"sVictoryDayparade,______unexpectedterriblethingshappen.A.whenB.becauseC.beforeD,unless【答案揭晓】BCD一、状语从句的定义关键词:状语,修饰,位置,引导词状语从句(adverbialclause)在句中作状语,可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词和句子等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时,从句后面常用逗号;放在句末时,从句前面往往不用逗号。1.Whentheplanearrived,someofthedetectiveswerewaitinginsidethemainbuildingwhileotherswerewaitingontheairfield.2.Tom,unlessheissupportedbyakinder,can"taffordtogotoXiamenUniversity.3.Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间.地点.原因.目的.结果.方式.让步.条件.比较等九种。 时间when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,assoonas,once,themoment,immediately,theday,nosooner…than,hardly/carcely…when,theminute,thesecond,every/eachtime地点Where,wherever,everywhere条件if,unless,providing/providedthat,as/solongas,onconditionthat,suppose/supposingthat,incase,onlyif原因because,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat,inviewofthefactthat(鉴于)让步though,although,evenif/though/,as,while,whatever,wherever,whoever,however,nomatter+wh词,forallthat,granting/granted,whether…or,inspiteofthefactthat,despitethefactthat比较as…as,notthesameas,notso…as,than方式as,asif/though/theway目的that,sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest结果sothat,so…that,such…that一、状语从句的分类(一)时间状语从句1.when,while&asMotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas/when/whilefatherwasawayinFrance.When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.【解析】as/when/while引导的从句中的谓语动词wasaway,waswalking是持续性的状态和持续性动作,三者可互换,特别注意的是while引导的从句中的动词必须是持续性的!IwashalfwaybacktothehospitalwhenSusancaughtupwithme.OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleave,whenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.HewasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerangWewereonthepointofwatchingTVwhensuddenlythelightswentout.Tomwasgoingtohavedinnerwhenthedoorwasopened.【解析】由以上从句中的黑体动词,如caughtupwith,heard,rang,wentout,wasopened可以看出,when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以为短暂性动词,这里不能跟while互换;此外beaboutto,beonthepointofdoing,和begoingto经常跟when(=atthattime)连用成固定搭配。Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases..Justastheflyingwormhitherface,shegavealoudcry.Thelittlegirlssangastheywent.【解析】as常表示“随着……”;“一边……,一边……”之意。注:I"llphoneyouagainwhenIgethome.主谓宾状时间状语从句Idon"tknowwhenI"llseeheragain.主谓宾语从句I’llneverforgettheyearswhen(=inwhich)IlivedwiththeTibetans.主状谓宾定语从句(修饰theyears)【解析】由这三句句式结构的分析,分别可以得出这三个复合句的类型。2.一.......就(1)assoonas,once一Doyoumeanwearealmostrunningoutoffood?一Yeah.Assoonasthecannedandfrozenfoodsareusedup.Oncethenewsoftwareisinstalled,customerswillbeabletoplaceordersovertheInternet. (2)immediately,directlyIrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.IcamedirectlyIgotyourmessage.【解析】immediately,directly在这些例句中是做连词用,相当于assoonas,而不是起副词的功能。(3)themoment,theminute,theinstantIwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoicetheminuteIpickedupthephone.Hesaidhe"dphoneyouthemomenthegothome.TheinstantIsawhim,Iknewhewasthemanfromtherestaurant.【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能,相当于assoonas,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词,如atthemoment。(4)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...whenHehadsoonerarrivedthanthetroublestarted.=NosoonerhadhearrivedthanthetroublestartedHehadhardlyfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.【解析】在这两个句型当中得注意两点:一是否定词放句首引起主句部分倒装;二是全句的时态经常是用过去完成时,when引导的从句常用过去式。3.every/each/anytime,thenexttime,thefirsttime,allthetimeEverytime/EachtimemyfathercomestoBeijing,hegoestovisittheMonumenttothePeople"sHeroeswithrespect.Anytimeyouareintrouble,justturntomeforhelp..He"dletmedownmorethanoncesothenexttimeheaskedmeforafavour,Igavehimthebrushoff.Thegirlstillremembersthatshewastoonervousthefirsttimeshegaveaspeechinthefaceofsuchabigcrowd.AllthetimeI"mthinking,weareallobsolete.【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词,如atanytime等。4.beforeTheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.【解析】before意为“在......之前......”,根据句意可译为“过了多久后才.....”SheleftthecompanybeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.【解析】before意为“在......之前......”,根据句意可译为“来不及;尚未.......就.....”Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnotbeforeheavydamagehadbeencaused.【解析】before意为“在.......之前.......”,解题时要关注主从句动词的时态。I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback..【解析】before常用于以下句型:Itwill(not)be+时间段+before….表示“要过多久/不久…才…”Itwasnotlong+before…表示“不久就….”Itwas+时间段+before…表示“过了多久才…”5.sinceThenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoitslowestlevelsincerecordsbeganin1971.【解析】since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。(一)地点状语从句Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansTheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpwhereverthereishumansuffering.注:1.You"dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions. 主语谓语宾语地点状语从句2.You"dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhere(=atwhich)youhaveanyquestions.主语谓语宾语地点状语定语从句(修饰theplace)3.Idon"tknowwhereIammistaken.主语谓语宾语从句【解析】由以上句式结构的分析,得出第1句为地点状语从句,第2句为定语从句,第3句为宾语从句,要注意这几种从句的区别。(一)条件状语从句1.Unlessyou"vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.2.Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,butunlesstheyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydon’tuseanest.3.Intimeofseriousaccidents,ifweknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.4.—Petertoldmehewantedtocomewithus.IsitOKforyou?—Idon’tmindaslongashepaysforhismeals.5.Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouseincasethereisapowerout.6.Supposethatthiscircleistheworld,andthatthecenterofthecircleisGod7.Ishallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnitnolaterthantomorrow.8.Thegameisnotverydifficultonceyouunderstandtherules.9.Youcanborrowthecar,providingthat/providedIcanhaveitbackbysixo"clock.10.ItoldhimIwouldworkforhimonlyifIcouldhaveafingerinthepie.【解析】unless是考试中的高频考点,要特别关注。(二)原因状语从句1.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedtobecauseI’llseehimtomorrow.2.TheinfluenceofautomobileextendsthroughouttheeconomyasthecarissoimportanttoAmericanpeople.3.Sinceourcountryhassomanygoodtable-tennisplayers,wehavetodecideonthebestonestotakepartinthegame.4.Itmustbemorningforthebirdsaresinging.5.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcantravel.6.Howcantheylearnanythingwhentheyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingtelevision?7.Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.8.Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there"snoreasonwhyweshouldnowhelphim.9.InviewofthefactthatIwastired,Ifellasleepsoon.【解析】(1)原因词汇区别位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because主句前.后直接因果关系强能能Since/nowthat主句前双方已知原因较强不能不能as主句前.后双方已知原因较弱不能不能for主句后补充解释说明弱(并列连词)不能不能(2)例句7中的when,也可以表示原因,意为:since既然,考虑到。(三)让步状语从句1、“虽然.....,尽管......”(1).(A)Scientistas/thoughheis,heisstillasmodestasbefore,whichalwaysmovesallthepeoplewhoknowhim. (2).Unlikelyas/thoughitmightseem,I"mtiredtoo.(3).MuchasIlikeit,Iwon"tbuyit,forit"stooexpensive.(4).Tryasshemight,Suecouldn"tgetthedooropen.(5).Although/thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.(6).Heisunhappy,although/thoughhehasalotofmoney.(7).Whydoesshestealthingswhenshecouldeasilyaffordtobuythem?(8).Whilehehaswonlotsofprizes,hestillremiansmodest..【解析】(1)though既可以和as互换于表语、谓语或者状语提前的倒装句中,也可以和although互换放在句首或者句中,也就是though可以用倒装,也可以不用倒装,although一定不能用于倒装。(2)as表“虽然”时引导的从句,一定得用倒装,既从句中的表语.状语或者动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时冠词要省略。(3)Although/though可以与副词yet,still连用,但不能与连词but连用。(4)when=eventhoughsomethingistrue和while=inspiteofthefactthat注:Iwanttotrymyhandatpolitics,orgobacktothelaw.Idon"twanttogotoschoolforit,though。(副词,非连词,解释为“然而,但是”,常置于句末,带逗号。)1、“即使......”(1)Onceagainhefailedtohandinhishomework,eventhoughhehadbeengivenenoughtimetodoit.(2)Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,eveniftheyknewittobevaluable.3.“不管....;无论......,尽管......”(1)Whateverhappens,nevertakeanoverdoseofthismedicine.(whatever=notmatterwhat)whatever+谓语(2)Healwayshasaneyetomakingmoney,whateverhisplansare.whatever+主语+系动词(3)Whateverpartheisplaying,hisowncharacterstillshowsthrough.whatever+n.+主语+谓语(4)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleephowevermuchwork(=whateverwork)youhavetodo.(however=notmatterhow)however+much+n.+主+谓(5)Howevergreatthedifficultiesmaybe,wecanovercomethem.however+adj.+主+谓(6)Howevermuchyoumaybeghim,youwillgetlittleornothing.however+adv.+主+谓+宾【解析】上面的结构分析已经很好地区分了whatever和however的区别,特别强调的是,在whatever的结构当中,如果其后面所加的名词被much修饰,必须改为however。(7)Whereveryouwork,youmustservethepeoplewholeheatedly.(wherever=notmatterwhere)(8)AslongasIcanremember,wheneverIcalled,hiswifewouldanswerthephone.(whenever=notmatterwhen)注:以上所有例句中都是让步状语从句,故上文句中“连词+ever可以替换nomatter+连词”,但是在状语从句当中,nomatter+连词才能够替换连词+ever,名词性从句当中则不可以。换句说,“nomatter+连词”只能引导状语从句,“连词+ever”既可以引导状语从句(=nomatter+连词),也可以引导名词性从句。(9)Whoeverbreakstheschoolwindowswillbeintrouble!主语从句系动词表语(10)I"llfindthepersonwhodidthis,whoever(=nomatterwho)heis. 主谓宾定状语从句(11)Look,Kate,Iamcallingthedoctor,whetheryoulikeitornot.(12)Inspiteofthefactthatitissnowing,sheisgoingoutforawalk.,(13)Despitethefactthatsheisshort,sheisanexcellentbasketballplayer.(一)比较状语从句(1)SheisaskindasthePrincessSnowWhite,assmartasBlueSprite,asbraveasHuaMulan.(2)Practicallessons,likecookery,arenotconsideredasimportantasmaths.(3)Oursuccesswasconsiderednotsomuchtoyourhelpastoourcooperation(4)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.(5)Peter"sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack"s,butitcosttwiceasmuchashis.(6)Nopersoniseithersohappyorsounhappyasheimagines.(7)Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.(8)Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.(9)Therewerenotsomanyticketsavailableas(they)wereaskedfor.(10)Youseemedtounderstandhumannatureaswellas(youunderstand)science.【解析】as.....as......肯定结构,及notso/as......as......否定结构(so....as....不能用于肯定结构)的平级比较结构(11)Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.(12)Hedrivesfasterandmoredangerouslythanyou.(13)ThistestislesssimplethanIexpectedittobe.(14)Thereweremorecasualtiesthanwasreported.(=thanitwasreportedtherewere)【解析】......形容词/副词比较级+than......(15)Takingthismedicinehelpstorelievehisheadache,andmakeshimlessill-temperedthanbefore.【解析】上下文判断的比较级结构。比如时间状语.条件状语等。(16)Sheboughttheleastexpensivetowelsthatshecouldfind.(17)Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.(18)Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.(19)Hehasneverbeensohappyasheistoday.(20)Thisteacherexplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.(21)Herunsasfastassomeofclassmatesinhisclass【解析】以上为最高级的结构,句子中都有一个表示范围的结构。(22)Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.(23)Themorehethought,theangrierhegrew.【解析】“比较级+主语+谓语,比较级+主语+谓语”结构。(24)Ithinkshe"smoreshythanunfriendly.(25)Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.(26)SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.【解析】比较级的某些特殊结构。 (27)Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.【解析】比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等。(28)ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.【解析】最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike.(一)方式状语从句(1)ButAmericansstilltalkabout“fall”justaspeopledoinsomepartsofwesternEngland(2)Themountainappearsasifitwerecoveredwithsnow.(3)Theyliveasiftheywillneverdie,anddieasthoughtheyhadneverlived.(4)IfeelasifIhaveafever.【解析】asif或asthough引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气,但如果所表达的情况有可能发生,也可用陈述语气,如最后一个例句。(二)目的状语从句(1)I"dliketoarrive20minutesearlysothatIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.(2)Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.(3)Heworkedhardforfearthatheshouldfail(4)IwillnotmakeanoiselestI(should)disturbyou.(5)Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.【解析】常用的连词有:sothat(以便),inorderthat(为了;以便),lest(免得;唯恐),forfearthat(生怕;以免),从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词(三)结果状语从句(1)Thereissorapidanincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused.=Thereissuchanrapidincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused(2)Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn"tsupporthisfamily.(3)Tomissoselfishthatheisalwaysignoringother"sfeelings.【解析】so+adj.+a/an+n.+that....;so+many/much/little/few(多或者少)+n.+that...;so+adj./adv.+that......;(4)Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.(5)Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallrespectthem.(6)Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.【解析】such+a/an+adj.+n.+that......such+n.(pl)/u.n.+that......(7)Thecompanydoubleditssalesforcewiththeresultthatthesalesriseby26%.一、状语从句的解题策略 前面我们已经知道什么是从句了,尤其是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和定语从句这一节总结一下状语从句。如何判断是考状语从句的题呢?您就这样想算了,选项中出现的连词个数有很多,范围也很大Before,While,Since,bythetime,nomatterwhat,aslongas,onceincase,eventhough,although等,一般这个题是考状语从句的题目。提醒您:既然是状语,那么横线后的那个句子一般是不会缺少主语,宾语,表语,它们就是只缺少状语,也就是说句子中就是缺少一个连接句子的词,因此你只要把选项的意思带到句子中看看哪个意思最好就是答案。例题:Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdo______Iamhappy.A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough选项中出现的连词A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough这个是考状语从句的题了。横线后Iamhappy.是主系表结构,缺状语。eventhough即使,尽管assoonas一.....就aslongas只要asthough好像。把词语带进去句子中,发现只有aslongas只要翻译通顺-------我的父母亲不介意我从事啥工作,只要我过得幸福。【解析】状语从句常考的连词有:when,while,before,unless,as,because,一、状语从句的经典考题1.Idon"tbelievewe"vemetbefore,_______Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A.thereforeB.althoughC.sinceD.unless2.Thisrestaurantwasn"t_______thatotherrestaurantwewentto.A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodasC.asgoodashalfD.goodashalfas3.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after4.—Lookatthoseclouds!—Don’tworry.______itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.IncaseD.Ifonly5.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties____itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since6.Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhashegoestoanewplace.A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.however7.Everythingwasplacedexactly___________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.A.whileB.whenC.whereD.though8.One’slifehasvalue________onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.A.sothatB.nomatterhowC.aslongasD.exceptthat9.________IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.A.WhileB.OnceC.IfD.Until10.________hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whenever11.Hot_______thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.however12.—Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry,youcan’t________youhaven’trecoveredfromthekneeinjure. A.untilB.beforeC.becauseD.unless13.Mikewasusuallysocareful,______thistimehemadeasmallmistake.A.yetB.stillC.evenD.thus14.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif15.ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime______wemeetthemagain.A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.when【参考答案】BAAABACCAABCACC