8.初中英语语法讲义-连词 4页

初中英语语法讲义----连词姓名_______一.连词的含义：连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连词。二连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。1.常见的并列连接词有：_____(和),______(但是),_____(或者,否则),______(也不),_____(所以),_________(然而,无论如何),_____(因为),______(可是),_______(也),_________...(...和...),_____________.(不但…而且…),___________(或…或…),_________________(既不…也不…)等。例题:(06黄冈)Lookleftandrightbeforeyoucrosstheroad,youmaybehitbyacar.A.soB.andC.orD.but(06武汉)Heissoyoung,_________heknowsalot.A．andB．orC．but(05南开区)MondayTuesdayisOK.I’llbefreethen.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.So;thatD.Both;and(06天津)Itwassnowinghard_______wehadtostayathomeandwatchTV.A.thatB.soC.butD.because(06崇文一模)－Whatdoyouthinkaboutthefilm?　　－It’sfunny______interesting.A.butB.orC.soD.and(05天津)—ofthetwodictionarieswillyoubuy?  —I’llbuyofthem,soIcangiveonetomycousin.A.Which;bothB.Which;noneC.Who;bothD.Which;neither(06北京四中)--WhereisJamesnow?--He"s____intheoffice____inthelibrary.Youmayfindhimthere.A.neither,nor　　B.either,or　　C.notonly,butalso　D.both,and2.常见的从属连接词有：when(当…时候),while(正当…时候),after(在…之后),before(在…之前),since(自从),until(直到),although/though(虽然),if(假如),as(如…一样；由于),as…as…(和…一样),asfaras(就…而言),aslongas(只要),assoonas(一…就…),evenif(即使),because(因为),unless(除非),than(比…),whether(是否…),inorderthat…(为了),so…that…(如此…以致),sothat…(以便),nowthat…(现在既然),bythetime…(到…时候),everytime…(每次),asif…(仿佛),nomatterwhen(或whenever)(无论何时),nomatterwhere(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。例题:(06哈尔滨)ThedrinkisdeliciousIenjoyitverymuch.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,that(06东城期末)Carolwon’tbeabletogettoShanghaithisafternoon_____________shetakestheplane.A．untilB．sinceC．unlessD．once(06丰台二模)Youshouldgetapairofpropericeskates____________youskate.A.thoughB.beforeC.whileD.unless(05锦州)IenjoylearningEnglish,________ittakesmealotoftime.A.asifB.thoughC.becauseD.for三连词的应用:1、并列连词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。例题:(06南京).Thedressfitsmewell,Idon’twanttobuyitbecauseit’stooexpensive.A.soB.andC.orD.but(06徐州)Englishisinteresting,_____Ididn’tlikeitatfirst.A.andB.soC.butD.or(06滨州)—Youwatchedthefashionshowlastnight,didn’tyou?—Yes,Imissedthebeginning.A.soB.andC.butD.then(06资阳).Allofusenjoyplayingcomputergames,wecan’tspendtoomuchtimeonit.A.andB.orC.butD.so(06浙江)Pleasetakethemedicinethreetimesaday,_______itwon’tworkwell.A.andB.butC.orD.so(06湖州)—Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—I"msorry,heisout.A.butB.andC.orD.so (06绍兴).WehadbetteraskBobtohelpus.heisawayonbusiness.A.SoB.AndC.OrD.But(06重庆)Hurryup,______youwillbelateforthefilm.A.yetB.andC.butD.or(06崇文)—WhatdoyouthinkofMr.Jason?　　—Heispoor__________happy.A.and　　　B.butC.or　　　D.so(06崇文)—Hisparentsarebothdoctors,__________heknowsalotaboutmedicine.—Ithinkhewillbeadoctorinthefuture,too.A．butB．orC．soD．for(06东城一模)Hewasnotrich,__________hehelpedsomechildrengotoschool.A.thatB.soC.butD.and(06丰台上学期期末)—WouldyouliketocometomypartythisFridaynight?—I’dliketo,_________Ihavetostudyforatest.A．andB．butC．orD．so(06海淀一模)－HowisEmmy?－Ihavenoidea.Shehasn’twrittentome_________wemetlasttime.A.sinceB.whileC.asD.before(06宣武二模)—It’salongstory,buttherearenotanynewwordsinit.—Good!_________itwillbehardforchildren.A.SoB.OrC.ButD.And(06宣武上学期期末)—Becareful,_________you’llmakemistakesinyourexams.—Iknowthat,Mum.Onecanneverbetoocareful.A．andB．orC．norD．but2、从属连词用于引导从句,例题:(06西城一模)Scientistssayitstillneedsfiveorsixyears________itispossibleforhumanpatientstotakethismedicine.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when(05天津)Thesportsmeetwillcontinueitrainsthisafternoon.A.ifB.sinceC.assoonasD.unless(05南通)Youshouldmakeagoodplan______youdoanythingimportant.A.beforeB.afterC.thoughD.until四.连词的辨析.①because、as、since、for几个词都表示原因,但是这几个词都不可以和so连用.如：Heisnotatschooltoday_________heisseriouslyill.（他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害）______allofyouhavegothere,now,let’sgotothezoo.（既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧）IwillaskLinTaotogowithme_________youareverybusy.（既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧）Wemustbeoffnow_______thematchstartsat7：00.（我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始）(07内江)Becauseit"sSundaytoday，______Mikeisn"tatschool，heiswatchingTVathome.A．soB．/C．but②if、whether的区别：表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句.另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。如：Idon’tknow_____/______hewillarriveontime.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/Iwillringyouup______hearrivesontime.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的）(06陕西)You"lldomuchbetter_________you"remorecarefulwithyourspelling.A.ifB.beforeC.althoughD.unless(06西城二模)___________youcan’ttreatthedogasamemberofyourfamily,Iwillstillkeepitmyself.A.UntilB.ThoughC.IfD.After(06宣武二模)—Wouldyouliketogototheparkwithme,Susan?—I’dloveto,__________youdon’twanttogoalone.A.untilB.butC.ifD.after[注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if：①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder/notsure之后,⑧在if与whether含义易混时。如：________itisafinedaynextSundayisstillaquestion.（下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题）(引导主语从句)Pleaseaskhim_______togotherewitharaincoat______（请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿( 作动词的宾语)Hainanistheplacetobe,______________.（海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏）(引导让步状语从句)Pleaseletmeknow___________youneedmyhelp.（请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助）(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”)③while、when、as的用法区别：while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；as与上两词同义,可替换while和when,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。如：Pleasedonottroubleme________Iamwritingmyhomework.（我写作业时请不要打扰我）I’llgohome________Ihavefinishedmyjob.（我干完了活儿就回去）Theywererunningquicklyacrosstheroad_______theyheardthesoundofatruckcoming.（他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音）_______wewalkedinthedarkstreet,wesangsongsandtalkedloudly.（当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话）④till/until与not…till/until的区别：前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如：Iwillstayhereandwatchthebaby__________（我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来）(stay这个动作一直进行到你return)Theywon’tgoonworking________________（他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的）另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till.如：______thelastminuteofthematchwekeptplaying.（我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟）例题Not_________hehadfinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（直到做完工作他才回家）（倒装句）(07福州)--Hurryup.Thebusiscoming.--Oh,no.Wemustn"tcrossthestreet______thetrafficlightsaregreen.A．afterB．sinceC．whileD．until(07淄博)Usuallywedon’trealizehowimportantnatureistousitistoolate.A．unlessB．untilC．ifD．after(07苏州)“Youcan’thavethisfootballback_______youpromisenottokickitatmycatagain.”theoldmansaidangrily.A．becauseB．sinceC．whenD．until(06孝感)—It’s10o’clocknow.Imustgo.—It’srainingoutside.Don’tleave_____itstops.A.whenB.sinceC.whileD.until(06维坊)youtoldme,Iheardnothingofwhathappened.A.UntilB.AfterC.IfD.Since(06重庆)Mygrandmadidn’tgotosleep______Igotbackhome.A.whereB.untilC.assoonasD.while(06东城二模)—Tom,thereisgoingtobeaWorldCupfootballmatchtonight.—Thankyouforthenews.ButIwon’twatchTV________Ihavefinishedmywork.A.orB.whileC.becauseD.until(05徐州)Noneofusknewwhathadhappened________theytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.whoD.though⑤though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though；though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=evenif),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。如：Hepassedtheexams_________illnesspreventedhimfromgoingtoclasses.（尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试）shewon’tleavetheTVset,________________herhusbandiswaitingforherforthesupper.（她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭）Itwasaquietparty.Ihadagoodtime,___________（这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心）(06福州)—Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithus?—Yes,I’dloveto.___I’mafraidIhavenotime.A.So B.ButC.OrD.And(06荆州)—12,500kilometersistoolongajourney!—Yes.thejourneywaslongandhard,theRedArmy（红军）pushedon.A.ThoughB.BecauseC.AsD.While(06连云港).UncleWanggaveallhissavingstotheHopeSchoolhehimselfwasnotrich.A.becauseB.asifC.thoughD.or(06临沂)FeiJunlongandNieHaishengsaid,"_____________Wedidn"tseetheGreatWall,wefeltexcitedwhenwepassedoverChina."A.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.As(06丰台一模)MoreandmoreUSstudentsbegintolearnChineseatschool___________itisverydifficult.A.soB.beforeC.untilD.though⑥preferto…ratherthan…与prefer…to…的区别：preferto…ratherthan…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如：I_______English____Japanese.（与日语相比我更喜欢英语）/I______learnEnglish________learnJapanese.（与日语相比我更喜欢学英语）