研究生英语语法结构分析 12页

Somealternativestomakeforyourself:1.seetheglassashalf-fullorhalfempty?2.focusyoureyeonthedoughnutoronthehole?3.makedifficultiesofyouropportunitiesorviceversa/ortheotherwayround(makeopportunitiesofyourdifficulties)? 4.seeonlythedarksideoftheclouds/don"tseethecloudsatall/seebothsides?5.stayupuntilmidnighttoseethenewyearin?Orstayuptomakesuretheoldyearleaves?Par.One:Scrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking:haveacloserexaminationofwhatoptimismcanbringabout仔细观察积极思维所起的作用Sheleanedforwardtoscrutinizetheirfaces.向前探身，仔细端详其面容。S~thedocumentsbeforesendingthemin.上交前仔细审查这些文件。他的观点经不起认真推敲。Hisargumentdoesn’tstanduptoscrutiny.Par.2:Alargebody/groupofpeople一大批人Alargebody/amountof12 information/research/evidence大量的信息/研究/证据Pessimist…islinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.悲观与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。(Line3-4)Inoculate:protectaperson/animalfromcatchingaparticulardiseasebyinjectingavaccine（["væksi:n]）接种；打预防针近义词：immunize(["imju:naiz])sb.against使……有免疫能力Ill:(n.)(pl.)指疾病(complaint,disease,ailments,illness)、问题、弊端(abuse)：socialills;economicills;theillsofthemodernworld现代世界的弊端Par.3Count:haveweight;carryweight;beweightyEg.Isolatedinstancesdonotcount.个别情况不算数。贵在心意/礼轻情意重。It’sthethoughtthatcounts.(asmallbutkindactionofagift)Par.5Beimpressedby:被……深深感动;对什么留下很深的印象Eg.It’snothingtobeimpressedby没有什么了不起的。Itishardnottobeimpressedbyhistalentsandpassion.很难不被他的才学和激情所打动。12 Par.6Lookforloopholes寻找漏洞Loopholes:（法律上的）漏洞，空子Aloopholeinthelawisasmallmistakewhichallowspeopletodosomethingthatwouldotherwisebeillegal. exploitsomeloopholesinthelaw钻法律漏洞Theytightenedtheloopholesinthoseacts.他们堵住了那些法案中的漏洞。taxloopholes征税漏洞credit:praisebecauseyou’reresponsibleforsth.goodthathashappened赞扬；认可Itisdishonestofyoutotakecreditforworkthatwasdonebyothers.你把别人所做的工作归功于自己是不诚实的。Theshow’ssuccesswasateameffortbutshegotallthecredits!这次演出成功是集体努力的结果，而功劳却归了她一人！Fluke:侥幸;意外;偶然;歪打正着（Ifyousaythatsomethinggoodisafluke,youmeanthatithappenedaccidentallyratherthanbybeingplannedorarranged. ）Thediscoverywassomethingofafluke.这个发现多少有点机缘巧合。12 Bysheerfluke（=byastrokeofluck）非常凑巧的是Par.8:Fulfill:realize~yourdreams/ambition实现梦想/抱负~aduty/promise履行职责/诺言(c.f.Fulfilling:(a.)令人满足的.Eg.Afulfillingexperience有成就感的经历)Aself-fillingprophecy一个自我实现的预言/自我应验的预言：onethatbecomestruebecausepeopleexpectittobetrueandbehaveinawaythatwillmakeithappen.Eg:你如果预期失败/成功，就会失败/成功。这是一种自我应验的预测。Ifyouexpect/anticipatefailure(orsuccess),youareboundto.Thisisaself-fulfillingprophecy.Positiveornegative,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.无论是肯定的还是否定的/积极或者消极，都是一种本身会成为事实/能自我实现的预言。Butoncewedecidethatwe"repowerless,ourpassivitywillhelpthisself-fulfillingprophecycometrue.但是一旦我们认定自己无能为力，我们的消极被动就会促成这种预言的自我实现。12 Negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.消极的思想、态度和预想会自我支持/自成因果，成为一种能自我实现的预言。Whenyoupredictanegativeoutcome,youmaybecreatingaself-fulfillingprophecy.当你预测的是一个消极的结果,你也许会制造一个“自我实现”的预言。Par.9:Thelitmustestforsth.:Ingeneral,thelitmustestforseparatinghonestyfromcorruptioninofficialcirclesismoney.一般来说，鉴别官场上廉洁与腐败的试金石是金钱。Reachoutfor:reachoutforyourdreams实现梦想reachoutforadvice征求意见reachoutforhelp求助reachoutfortheimpossible.做那些实在做不到的事情Failureshouldchallengeustoreachoutfornewheights,notdragusdowntodepthsofdespair.失败应该是挑战我们爬到新高点，而不是拖垮我们进入绝望谷。12 Neverreachoutforthingsthatdon"tbelongtoyou.永远不要伸手拿不属于你的东西。theplaythingoffortune命运的玩物Whenyoufeellonely,yourmobilephonemaybeyourbestplaything.当你一个人空虚寂寞时，手机也许是你最好的玩物。Par.10:Recur/recurring/recurrent/recurrenceEg.Economiccrisesrecurperiodically.经济危机周期性地发生.recurringproblemsrecurrentmalignanttumor复发的恶性肿瘤chronicorrecurrentbronchitis慢性或复发性支气管炎ArecurrentheadacheRecurrenceofhisillnessHisencouragingwordsrecurredtomymindwheneverIwaslow.回响Par.12:Undermine:vt.破坏；侵蚀……的基础；暗中破坏；冲蚀，削弱12 Eg.Offeringtoomuchadvicewillundermineherfeelingofbeingadult.会让她觉得自己不像个成年人Hisopponents/rivalsarespreadingrumorstounderminehisauthority/thechancesofhissuccess.暗中破坏他的威信/降低成功的可能性Buteverywherecorruptionandinefficiencyundermineimplementationoflawandsocialstability.腐败无能无处不在，破坏了法律的执行，影响了社会的稳定。Immune/immunity/immunize/immunology免疫学Heseemstobeimmunetoflattery.Weareimmunefromsmallpoxastheresultofvaccination.免疫接种Thechildhasreceivedimmunitytoavarietyofinfections.对多种感染的免疫能力Par.13Incline:（使）偏向，倾向于；（使）认为；Eg.Iinclineto(take)theoppositepointofview.我倾向于持反对观点.Iinclineto/towardtheviewthatheisright.我倾向于认为他是正确的。Weareinclinedtomakesomeunwiseinvestmentchoices.12 在投资上我们很可能会作出一些不明智的决定Growoutof:1)developfrom;2)becometoobigtofitintoEg.TheideaofthebookgrewoutofavisittoIndia.本书的构思源于到印度的一次访问。He’sgrownoutof(=outgrown)theseshoes.He’llsoon~~~wettingthebed/suckinghisthumbs.（改掉尿床/嘬大拇指的毛病）Par.15Landmark:1）路标；里程碑；2）adj.有代表性的；有重大意义或深远影响的Thiseventrepresentsalandmarkinworldhistory.是世界历史上的一个里程碑Trytoformulateyourownpositionasyoureadtheselandmarkstatementsontheproblem.读到关于这一问题的代表性论述时,努力去建构自己的观点吧.Flounder:vi.挣扎；举步维艰；不知所措；flounderingaboutinthewater在水中挣扎Flounderingpeoplemaytrytograspatanystraw.病急乱投医。Par.19Leads:可数名词线索；头绪12 Theinquiryteamisfollowinguppossibleleadsafterreceiving400callsfromthepublic.在接到民众400个热线电话后，调查组亦在对可能的线索进行追踪。Par.20Trialanderror反复试验；不断摸索；从失败中找到解决办法Childrenlearntousecomputerprogramsby~and~.通过反复摸索学会运用计算机程序Asuccessfuldesigntakesalotof~and~.成功的设计需要反复摸索。learntoswimthroughtrialanderror通过反复适应才能学会游泳PartSummary[1~2]IntroductiontotheResearchProblem:Anincreasingnumberofresearcheshavebeenconductedtostudythepowerofpositivethinking.Psychologistsbelievethatteachingpeopletothinkmorepositivelyislikeinoculatingthemagainstmentalillssuchasdepression,lonelinessandshyness.[3~9]Theimportanceofself-confidenceinachievingsuccess[3]AspointedbypsychologistScheier,one"sselfconfidenceisamoreimportantfactorthanone"sabilityinachievingsuccess.12 Onereasonwhyoptimistsaremorelikelytosucceedisthattheydealwithproblemsindifferentwaysthanpessimists.[4~5]ExampleOne:Schulman"sresearch.AmongthesalesrepresentativesinMetropolitanInsuranceCo.,optimists-bothexperiencedornewly-hired-soldmoreinsurancethanpessimists.[7]ExampleTwo:Anderson"sresearch.WhenunabletoobtainblooddonationforRedCross,pessimistsgiveupreadilywhileoptimiststryadifferentapproach.[8~9]Anderson"sexplanation:Negativeorpositivethinkingisaself-fulfillingprophecy.Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.[10~12]Optimismgivespeopleamorehealthylife.[10]ExampleThree:Livy"sresearch.Womenwithbreastcancerwilllivelongeriftheyareoptimistic.[11]ExampleFour:Along-termstudyonHarvardGraduates.Optimismmaypreventdiseases.[12]ExampleFive:Dr.ChristopherPeterson"sfindings.Thepessimistdoesn"ttakegoodcareofhimself,andthusthebody"simmunesystemis12 undermined.[13~14]One"spatternofthinkingislearnedbehavior.Althoughmanypeoplearenoteasilyclassifiedaspessimistsoroptimists,theirwayofthinkingisahabitacquiredsincechildhood.[15~16]Peoplecanbetrainedtothinkmorepositively.[15]ExampleSix:Dr.CarolDweck"sworkwithflounderingschoolchildrenChangingexplanationsfortheirfailureresultedinimprovedacademicperformance.[16]ExampleSeven:Dr.Levy"spilotstudywithcolon-cancerpatients.Forcolon-cancerpatients,psychologicalhelptoencourageoptimismbringsabetterresultthanmedicaltreatmentalone.[17~20]Suggestionforbreakingthehabitofthinkingpessimistically.PsychologistSteveHollonsuggestedwetrybreakingthebadhabitinthreepracticalsteps:1.Monitorone"sthoughtwhenbadthingshappen.2.Dosomethingcontrarytonegativereactions.3.Keeptrackoftheresults.[21]Conclusion：Basedonthestudiesconductedsofar,wecandrawtheconclusionthatoneislikelytogetwhatheexpectsfromtheworld(i.e.apersonoftenturnsoutwhathethinkshe12 is).TextSummaryCitingtheresultsofnumerousresearchesandquotinganumberofpsychologists,ClaipeSafranshowstheimportanceofpositivethinking.Wearemorelikelytosucceedinworkandenjoybetterhealthifweadoptanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,includingitschallengesandblows.Whetherinclinedtobepessimisticoroptimistic,weacquirethethinkingpatternaswegrowup.However,wecanconsciouslytrainourselvestoturnourthinkingintomorepositivechannels.Wewillturnouttobewhatweexpecttobe.12