2010年高考英语语法专题复习课件-非谓语动词用法与考点 42页

英语语法讲座刘兴民 11《谓语动词用法与考点预测》 一、非谓语动词用法 １、非谓语动词的种类：不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed）２、非谓语动词的功能：1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。 ３、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分成分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ ４、非谓语动词用做定语1.Pleasegivehimsomething.A.eatenB.eatingC.toeatD.tobeeaten2.Ineedapen.A.writtenB.towriteC.towritewithD.writingwith3.Theroomtheseaismygrandpa’sA.facedB.facingC.tofaceD.faces4.Thewomantheclothesoverthereismyaunt.A.washedB.beingwashedC.TowashD.washingCCBD 5.Thebridge,in1950,brokedownintheflood.A.builtB.hadbuiltC.buildingD.tobebuilt6.Thingsaremighter(强大的)thanthings.A.seen;hearingB.seeing;heardC.tosee;tohearD.seen;heardTranslatethefollowingsentences:1.将要到站的火车是从伦敦来的。2.今天晚上我还有一些家务要做。3.没有什么值得担心的。ADThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.Ihavesomehouseworktodotonight.Thereisnothingtoworryabout. 4.通向我家乡的那条路非常的窄。5.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。6.昨晚被警察抓住的那个小偷被投进了监狱。Theroadleadingtomyhometownisverynarrow.Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismydeskmate.Thethiefcaughtbythepolicelastnightwasputintoprison. Comparethephrasesorsentencesbelow：1.TherisingsunTherisensun2.Themaninvitedtothepartyismyboss.Themaninvitingmanyguestsismyboss3.Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice.DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing4.I’mgoingtobuysomepicture-booksforthechildrentoreadIhavesomeclothestowash.Ihavesomeclothestobewashed. 5.Herushedintotheburninghouse.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.6.Theproblembeingdiscussednowhassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.PremierZhouisaleaderlovedbythepeople. Summarizetheusagesofnonfiniteverbs:1.位置关系：1）.动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）.分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面2.与被修饰词的关系：1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系3.动作发生的时间关系：1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。 Dosomeexcisesbelow:1.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasaroleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying2.—WhereshouldIsendmyform?--Thepersonalofficeistheplace.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit3.Therewasanoisethesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedBBB Translatesomesentences:1.由于赢得了奖学金，马丁.路德金取得了一次上大学的机会2.参观里约热内卢的最好时间是在六月和七月。3.在那边弹钢琴的那个人是我们的音乐老师。Winningascholarship,MartinLurtherKinggotachancetogotocollege.ThebesttimetovisitRiodeJaneiroisinJuneandJulyThemanplayingthepianothereisourmusicteacher.=Themanwhoisplayingthepianothereisourmusicteacher ５、非谓语动词用做状语：1.Hewokeuponlytofindhimselflyingonabedinahospital.2.为了在期末考试里取得好成绩，你必须努力学习。3.ThereissomethingforeveryonehereandfewvisitorsleaveRiofeelingdispointed4.Givenmoreattention,thetreeswouldgrowbetter.5.做完他的家庭作业，他去打篮球了。6..Nothavingreceivedhisreply,hedecidedtowriteagain Comparethefollowingsentences:1.Wearegladtohearthenews.2.Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.3.Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.4.Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.5.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanfindthecitymorebeautiful.6.Seenfromthetopofthehil,thecityismorebeautiful.7.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforapicnictomorrow.8.Timepermitting,wewillgothere. Summarizetheusagesofnonfiniteverbs:1.动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、。其做结果和原因状语时，常置于句子的；做目的状语时常置于,也可以置于。2.分词做状语常置于句首，可以用来表示等。如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后，应该采用完成式。3.不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。4.分词或分词短语做状语可以与相互转换。结果和原因后部句中原因、条件、伴随状语从句句首 Completetheexcisesbelow:1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.TotellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told2.Can’tyouread?MarysaidtothenoticeA.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.topointD.andangrilypointlyBA Translatethefollowingsentences:1.为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。2.因为病了，他没有来上学。3.不知道如何去做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮助。4.被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。Inordertoloseweight,hejusteatssomefruitseveryday.Beingill,hedidn’tcometoschool.Notknowninghowtotoit,Iaskedforhelpfrommyteacher.Beatenbyhisfather,theboydarednotgoout. 解题方法总结解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路：①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。 二、非谓语动词考点预测 （一）非谓语动词考点分析非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√ 1.考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。1.(2007江苏卷)—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow______here.A.peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking2.(2007辽宁卷)Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad___homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking真题再现知识链接常用能接动名词的动词：admit,appreciate,avoid,advise,can’thelp,celebrate,consider,complete,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,understand,allow等。（二）考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。 2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。(2008江苏卷)—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking2.(2006重庆卷)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto____thepapers.A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking3.(2006江西/改错)I"mlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.真题再现知识链接1.常见的短语动词有：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,can"thelp,can’tstand,feellike,insiston,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin等。2.下列短语中的to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：lookforwardto,befamiliarto,owe…to,putone’smindto,turnto,getdownto,attribute…to,liveupto,inrelationto,admitto,bedevotedto,owingto,thanksto,objectto,beaccustomedto等。hearing 3.考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。(2005天津卷)Idon’twant_________likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager"splanisunfair.A.tosound     B.tobesoundedC.sounding      D.tohavesounded2.(2006北京卷)Ican’tstand_________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop真题再现知识链接常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：afford,agree,ask,arrange,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,determine,decide，dare,desire,demand,expect,fail,forget,hate,hope,manage,intend,learn,help，like,long,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,seek,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,seem,tend,threaten,volunteer,want,wish等。 4.考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。1.(2007安徽卷)—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking2.(2006湖南卷)Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_____herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting真题再现知识链接接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做);forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)2.remembertodosth.记着去做某事(未做);rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)3.stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事;stopdoingsth.停止做正在做的某事4.regrettodosth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;regretdoingsth.对已做的事情表示后悔5.trytodosth努力去做某事;trydoingsth.做某事试一试6.meantodosth.打算、意欲做某事;meandoingsth.意味着做某事 1.(2008上海卷)Ifthere’salotofwork______,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing2.(2007全国卷I)—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving真题再现知识链接（三）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。1.考查不定式作定语的用法不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动语态，但toblame的主动形式表示被动意义。 2.考查现在分词作定语的用法1.(2006上海春)Therearehundredsofvisitor_______infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh"spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait2.(2006辽宁卷)Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_____Chineseintheschool,most_______werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom真题再现知识链接现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。 3.考查过去分词作定语的用法真题再现知识链接过去分词作定语，表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前，短语放在所修饰词后。1.(2008上海卷)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_____byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA.speakingB.spokenC.tospeakD.tobespoken2.(2008浙江卷)Itisoneofthefunniestthings_______ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found3.(2007上海卷)TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted （四）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补的用法。1.考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配1.(2007北京卷)—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing2.(2008上海卷)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_____theirhomes.A.leavingB.toleaveC.tobeleftD.beingleft真题再现知识链接1.需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask,advise,allow,beg,believe,callon,cause,command,direct,feel,expect,enable,encourage,force,get,hate,intend,invite,lead，like,order,permit,persuade,prefer，request,remind,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。2.要求省掉不定式的to作宾补的动词：feel,have,hear,help,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。 2.考查现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配真题再现知识链接以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补：①see,hear,smell,feel,watch,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento,catch等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。②have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。1.(2008上海卷)Mysister,aninexpensiverider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle____tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried2.(2007全国卷I)Ismellsomething_________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.(2007上海卷)Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice______him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall 3.考查过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配真题再现知识链接1.(2005天津卷)Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit______oftenenough.A.explaining   B.toexplain      C.explain     D.explained2.(2007福建卷)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish______inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构：1.keep/leave+宾语+过去分词(表状态的动词)。2.have/get+宾语+过去分词:(A)让/请/叫某人做某事;(B)遭遇到某种不幸。(C)使某事完成。3.make+oneself+过去分词。常见的过去分词有：understood,known,heard，respected，noticed等。4.watch(notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find)+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语所处的状态)5.want(wish,like,expect,order)+宾语+过去分词。 （五）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作状语的用法。1.考查动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构1.(2008北京卷)–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But________it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding2.(2007上海春)_______thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.A．ToensureB．EnsuringC．Havingensured.D．Tohaveensured3.(2006广东卷)______thiscake,you"llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making真题再现考点说明只有不定式作目的状语，表示在谓语动词动作之后发生的动作。为了表示强调，不定式前加inorder或soas. 2.考查不定式,分词作结果状语的常见结构真题再现考点说明1.不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构中：(1)too…todo结构;(2)...enoughtodo结构；(3)only/justtodo…(不料却)。近几年高考命题只考查only/justtodo结构,且是高考热点。2.作结果状语的大多是分词，常在句末,用逗号隔开。1.(2006陕西卷)Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told2.(2005山东卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,___arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereached B.reaching  C.toreach D.tobereaching3.(2005全国卷I)Thestormleft, _____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.caused  B.tohavecausedC.tocause  D.havingcaused 3.考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构1.(2008重庆卷)________toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed2.(2006福建卷)._____forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamed3.(2007浙江卷)______byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven真题再现考点说明1.现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，相当于because,since和as引导的原因状语从句。表示条件，相当于if条件状语从句。2.现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。 4.考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法真题再现考点说明1.(2006浙江卷)When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared2.(2008安徽卷)_______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked3.(2007陕西卷）________thatshedidn’tdoagoodjob,Idon’tthinkIamablerthanher.A.TohavesaidB.HavingsaidC.TosayD.Saying分词作时间状语，相当于when,before,while,after,since引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。 5.考查现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法真题再现考点说明1.(2008辽宁卷)Hewasbusywritingastory,only______onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped2.(2006全国卷II)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought3.(2006安徽卷)Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,______meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought4.(2007重庆卷)Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语是高考考查的重点和热点。特别是历年全国卷中现在分词作方式状语的用法几乎年年考查。 （六）考查非谓语动词的特殊句型及其它用法。1.考查“S+issaidtodo/tohavedone.”句型1.(2007辽宁卷)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break2.(2005江苏卷)—IsBobstillperforming?—I"mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleft      B.toleave     C.tohavebeenleft     D.tobeleft3.(2006湖北卷)AIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen真题再现知识链接句型“Itis+said/believed/supposed/known/etc.+that-clause”可以转换为“S+issaid/believe/supposed/known+todo/tohavedone”。当不定式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后发生，不定式用一般式，当不定式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，不定式用完成式。 2.考查“情感类使动词”的-ing和-ed形式作形容词的区别真题再现知识链接情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词。过去分词形式用来指人的感觉或所处的状态，常修饰表示人或人的表情的名词。1.(2007江苏卷)Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem______inhislectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest2.(2006天津卷)Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereader______mustnotbeleft.A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied3.(2006四川卷)—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty.—Yes.I"veneverbeento________onebefore.A.amoreexcitedB.themostexcitedC.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting 真题再现知识链接1.(2007四川卷)Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater2.(2008北京卷)______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen3.(2008陕西卷)________aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow非谓语动词一般式：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或将来发生。非谓语动词完成式：说明该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。2.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语是一致的，即逻辑主语是该分词短语动作的执行者，用现在分词，若是承受者，用过去分词。（七）考查非谓语动词时态、语态和逻辑主语的选择 类型年份各地考题不定式动名词现在分词过去分词题数总量20061812610836200720941010332008209612936（八）近三年非谓语动词在高考中的复现率 （九）近三年高考非谓语动词命题趋势考查热点1.从内容上来看：不定式和分词的用法较多。2.从形式上来看：非谓语动词的一般式占绝大多数。3.从功能上来看：主要考查非谓语动词作状语、宾语和定语的用法。命题特点不定式和现在分词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富,功能较多,最能体现英语独特的形式特征，又极易对中国考生带来麻烦。因此,命题人热衷于使用它们作为考查武器。2.考查立意较低,主要考查的非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。3.设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰，同时利用了祈使句与以非谓语动词开首的句子结构上相似的特点，对考生造成了很大的麻烦。4.2009年对非谓语动词考查密度增大。非谓语动词的四大分类均出现了较频繁的考查.总体来看，考查比较细，比较全。 goodbye