高三英语语法被动语态复习(课件) 47页

被动语态复习 一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 二、各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youarerequiredtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow. 4）现在进行时：Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.5）过去进行时：Thenewroadwasbeingmade.6）现在完成时：Thenovelhasbeenread.7)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere. 1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词 2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词 3．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly．PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词 4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词 5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词 6．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词 7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词 四、何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat… 四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00p．m．tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。 五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt． 2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou． 3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998． 4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear. 5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter Practice 先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句1．PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina．2．Theyboughttencomputerslastterm． 3．Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow．4．Wehavemadetwentymorebeds．5．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight． 一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek．（变被动）WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek．TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek．（加上了to，有的也加for） Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother. 间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。 二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（变被动）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to） 这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。 Exercises 1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态） 3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold 5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused 7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished 9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous 10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone 12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken 14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem 16.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（变为主动语态）______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak 18.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned 20.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone 21.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_________________________the________________thenewmedicine.didn’tmakeanyofchildrentry 将下列句子改为被动语态1．Wesweeptheflooreveryday．2．Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning．3．Hegavemeabookyesterday．巩固练习 4．Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman．5．Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom．6．Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor？7．Imadehimworktwohourseveryday． 8．ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow．9．WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords．10．Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground. 将下列句子改为主动语态1Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？2．Hewasgivenapenbymeyesterday．3．Childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof． 4．Thetreesmustbeputintheholebythem．5．Thecarisnotbeingrepairedbyhernow．6.Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl? 再见