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被动语态复习
一、被动语态的定义:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者,则为主动语态;当主语是谓语动作的承受者,则为被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。
二、各种时态的被动语态构成1)一般现在时:Youarerequiredtodothis.2)一般过去时:Thestorywastoldbyher.3)一般将来时:Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.
4)现在进行时:Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.5)过去进行时:Thenewroadwasbeingmade.6)现在完成时:Thenovelhasbeenread.7)情态动词:Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.
1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成:S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词
2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时:S+was/were+过去分词
3.LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng.情态动词:S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词
4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时:S+will+be+过去分词
5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow.Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时:S+am/is/are+being+过去分词
6.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys.Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时:S+have/has+been+过去分词
7.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight.Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时:S+was/were+being+过去分词
四、何时使用被动语态呢?一、行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如:Footballisplayedallovertheworld.二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如:Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被盗了。
三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如:Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…
四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如:WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao.魏华是被林涛叫来的。
五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如:HewasborninOctober,1989.六、表示礼貌时。例如:YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow.敬请您明天晚上8:00光临我们的英语晚会。
五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢?1.表示状态的动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如:【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell.【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt.
2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如:【正】Lookattheblackboard,please.【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou.
3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如:【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998.【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998.
4.由“动词+名词”构成的英语习语(如makefaces,makefriends,takeplace等)一般不可改为被动语态。例如:【正】Theboymakefacesinclass.【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.
5.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。例如:【正】Youmustlookafteryourself.【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter
Practice
先将主动句改为被动句,再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句1.PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.
3.Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow.4.Wehavemadetwentymorebeds.5.LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight.
一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语;或含省略to的不定式作宾补,变被动时有何变化呢?UncleLilentustheboatlastweek.(变被动)WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek.TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek.(加上了to,有的也加for)
Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.
间宾(人)作被动句的主语,一切依旧;而直宾(物)作主语,则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give,send,bring,teach,show,pass,write,ask,tell等;加for的动词有make,draw,buy等。
二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees.(变被动)Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents.(加上了to)
这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补,变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel,hear,listento,let,make,have,see,notice,lookat,watch(即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”)。
Exercises
1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态)
3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold
5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused
7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished
9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous
10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone
12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken
14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem
16.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?(变为主动语态)______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak
18.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned
20.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone
21.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_________________________the________________thenewmedicine.didn’tmakeanyofchildrentry
将下列句子改为被动语态1.Wesweeptheflooreveryday.2.Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning.3.Hegavemeabookyesterday.巩固练习
4.Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman.5.Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom.6.Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor?7.Imadehimworktwohourseveryday.
8.ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow.9.WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords.10.Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground.
将下列句子改为主动语态1Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday?2.Hewasgivenapenbymeyesterday.3.Childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.
4.Thetreesmustbeputintheholebythem.5.Thecarisnotbeingrepairedbyhernow.6.Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?
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