高三英语语法总复习——名词性从句 45页

名词性从句你身边的高考专家 I．语序问题1.Thephotographswillshowyou____.（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Heasked____ foraviolin．（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序 II．引导词的选择1.____wecan"tgetseemsbetterthan____ wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,that D.That,what2.Itworriedherabit ____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB．thatC．if D．for 3.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon．A．whenB．howC．whetherD．why4．madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A．What…becauseB．What…thatC．That…whatD．That…because 规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由that引导且that连词在从句中不作成分2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由whether，if引导3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且wh-连词在从句中作成分。连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn"tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris…...Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent…...HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：whether和if的区别： ①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback. ②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan. ③主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney. ④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot. ⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot. ⑥whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能，但可以引导一个条件状语从句表示“如果”如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhavetimetomorrow,I’llgotovisitTom. 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。 1.主语从句可以用it（作形式主语）来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat... （C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat…如：ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup. 2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语）来替换的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋Adj/N＋从句如：Ithinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting． 1.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.A.anyone B.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho2.____muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter3.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild ____heorshewants.A.however B.whateverC.whichever D.whenever Hewillbelievewhateverotherssay.（不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever）Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.（可以用nomatterwhat代替whatever）规律四：whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等与nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot…... 规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词” 或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperatedon. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars. （3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless. Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：Itispitythatyoucan’tswim. 名词从句与定语从句的主要区别 成分上的区别：名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么样的成分？1.Howtheprisonerescapedremainsamystery.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.Hehadnoideawhetherwecouldovercomethepresentdifficultiesornot.主语宾语表语同位语 5.Ivisitedthecountrywhich/thathadbeenbombedbytheUS-ledNATO(美国为首的北约)amonthbefore．6.IshallneverforgettheyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.8.IhadneverseensuchagoodfilmasIwatchedlastnight. 结论：名词性从句充当句子的主要成分（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且无先行词，同位语除外。定语从句充当句子的修饰成分（作定语），前面有先行词 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子的主语或宾语成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:Thesuggestion(that)heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引导同位语从句）Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略） 引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：as,且when,where等不能与in/on/atwhich互换。whether,if,what,how 名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.--Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.--________Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.allthatAllthat 3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.____________breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsifmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto__________needsitmost.5.We’llrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.We’llremember______________weturnedtoforhelp.Anyonewhoanyonewhoanyone(whom) 6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo____________hewantsthemtodo.7.I’llreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.I’llread____ofthe books_____ yougiveme.anythingthatanythat 其余问题：1.误：Idon"tknowifhecomesbackthismonth.2.误：IhavenoideawhathadhappenedwhenIwasaway.正：Idon"tknowifhewillcomebackthismonth.正：IhavenoideawhathappenedwhenIwasaway. 3.误：Thereasonisbecauseheisill.4.误：Wholeaveslastturnsoffthelight.正：Thereasonisthatheisill.正：Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight. 名词性从句试题集锦1.Iaskher_______comewithme.ifshewillB.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._______hesaidistrue.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether 5.Togetthejobstarted,_______Ineedissomemoney.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_______fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.whatB.howC.it"sD.that 3.Canyoutellme________?whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidn"tknowwhichroom_______.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein 7.Canyoutellme_______therailwaystation?A.howIcangettoB.whatcanIgettoC.whereIcangottoD.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_______?A.whatishisnameB.howishisnameC.whathisnameisD.howhisnameis9._______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall________.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_________dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatourvillagelookslikeB.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike 13.Canyoumakesure________thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput14.Noonecanbesure________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikeD.whatlookmanlike15.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That16.Goandgetyourcoat.It"s________youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere17.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for18._______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter 19.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if20._________wecan"tgetseemsbetterthan_________wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what21.________we"llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where22.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild________heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever23.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where24.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo________Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever 25.________youdon"tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether26.Youcan"timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited27.________causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where28.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._________Igotwetthrough.A.It"sthereasonB.That"swhyC.There"swhyD.It"show 29.Itwasamatterof________wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever30.________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever31.Itwas_______hesaid_______disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what32.Eat________cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor________comesinlate.A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever Good-bye!