定语从句(2012年高考英语语法辅导) 45页

2012年北京高考英语语法辅导定语从句定语从句的基础知识如何辨别考题中的定语从句定语从句方法。 定义：复合句中，修饰、限定后面名词和代词的从句，相当于一个形容词，在句子中起定语作用概念:Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.先行词关系词定语从句原则：a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词，翻译成“……的”；b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导；c.关系词在定语从句中充当一种句子成分。关系词关系代词：that,who,whom,whose,which,as关系副词：when,where,why 关系代词关系副词起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whom(…的人）whose(某人的…）which(…的东西，指物)that(…的人或物，指物或人）as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如)when(…的时候，修饰时间名词)where(…的地方,修饰场所、方位等名词)why(…的原因；…的理由) 形式特点作用能否省略翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句逗号隔开 定语从句----修饰名词Thisisabook.Thisismybook.Thisisaninterestingbook.词----定语----名词前（前置）Thisisabook.Ilikethebook.这是我喜欢的书。ThisisthebookIlikethebook.首选我啊that我喜欢我昨天买的书。IlikethebookthatthebookIboughtyesterday.that----关系代词----连接定语从句----代替从句中的宾语 我昨天买的书很有趣。Thebookisinteresting.Iboughtthebookyesterday.ThebookIboughtthatthebook这是我放进嘴里的那根手指头。Thisisthefinger.Iputthefingerintomymouth.ThisisthefingerIputthatthefinger你干刚才见到的那个人是我们的物理教师。Themanisourphysicsteacher.Youmetthemanjustnow.Themanyoumetthatthemanyesterdayisinteresting.intomymouth.justnowisourphysicsteacher. 那个教他们英语的老师是Tom的父亲。TheteacherteachesthemEnglish.TheteacherisTom’sfather.Theteachertheteacherthat那个站在教室前面的男孩是Tom.TheboyisTom.thatthat----关系代词----连接定语从句----代替从句中的主语teachesthemEnglishisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroomtheboyisTom’sfather. 他告诉我的消息是真的。Thenewshetoldmethenewsthat他们住的房子很小。Thehousetheyliveinthehousethat关系代词that主语、宾语人、物who主语、宾语人whom人宾语which主语、宾语物小结istrue.issmall.句子----定语----名词后（后置）Whose---关系代词---连接定语从句---代替从句中的定语Helivedinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.人的、物的 1.who/whom/that作宾语可省略2.如介词提前只能用whom不能用who且不能省略Theman(whom/who/that)IspoketoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomIspokeisProfessorLi.towho/that Thisisthemountain(that/which)Itoldyouabout.1.that/which指物，作宾语可省略Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?fromthat2.介词提前时只能用which不能用that且不能省略。 Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.这是我去年参观的工厂。ThisisthefactoryIvisitedthefactorythatIworkedthefactorylastyear.错Iworkedinthefactorylastyear.这是我去年工作的工厂。ThisisthefactoryIworkedinThisisthefactoryIworkedlastyear.where这是他住的房子。Thisisthehousethathelivesin.Thisisthehousewherehelives.thefactorythatlastyear.lastyear. IjoinedtheLeagueonJune1.我仍然记得（我）入团的那一天。IstillrememberthedayIjoinedtheLeague.whenIstillrememberthedayImethim.when我仍然记得见到他的那一天。我忘不了我们一起度过的那段时光。1.Iwillneverforgetthetime____wespenttogether.我忘不了我们一起工作的那段时光。2.Iwillneverforgetthetime_____weworkedtogether.(A.thatB.whichC.when)thatwhenthetimeduringthetime 这是他们去年建的旅馆。Thisisthehoteltheybuiltlastyear.that这是他们去年住的旅馆。Thisisthehoteltheystayedatlastyear.that(A.whichB.thatC.where)Thisisthehoteltheystayedlastyear.whereHewentbacktothetownhewasborn.whereTheplacewespentourholidayswasreallybeautiful.where他回到出生的城镇。我们度假的地方很美。 小结when----连接定语从句----代替从句中的时间状语where---连接定语从句----代替从句中的地点状语why----连接定语从句----代替从句中的原因状语Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.which有时代替的是整个句子的意思，放在主句后面。Hecamelate,whichmadethemanagerveryangry.as可代表整个句子的意思。可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。Hestudiesveryhard,asweallknow.Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.关系副词 唯“我”独尊thatYoumustdoeverything_______Ido.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,something,nothing,anything等。2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。3)先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。4)先行词既有人又有物。Ihavelostthepen,______Ilikedverymuch.非“我”莫属which1)非限定性定语从句一般用逗号把主，从句分开。2)介词后面。Thisisourschool,infrontofwhichgrowmanytrees. 1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it 4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that5.Isoxygentheonlygas___helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that 介词+关系代词1.指人:_____指物:______2.选择恰当的介词whomwhich Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.2.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.3.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tarrivedyet?aboutonfortalkaboutonthedayforthereason 补全法1.介词与定语从句中的动词词成搭配2.介词与先行词形成搭配 1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisawell（井）?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom3.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.inwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich4.Alecaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhentherewasanaccident.(上海02’)A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom 1.Haveyouvisitedthehouse______thefamouswriterwasborn.A.inthatB.whereC.whenD.onwhich2.Doyoustillremembertheday________wefirstmet?A.thatB.onthatC.whereD.when3.Ishallneverforgetthosedays_____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers.(上海94’)A.that.B.when.C.which.D.when. 一、正确选择定语从句的引导词1、关系代词和关系副词的基本用法从句中作主语、宾语、定语that,which,who,whom,whose,as---关系代词从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）when,where,why---关系副词2、以that引导的定语从句 二、考查非限制性定语从句及which在非限制性定语从句中的应用(1)Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.itC.whichD.that(2)Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.(2005全国)A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom 三、考查as在定语从句中的用法及其与which的区别1、as引导非限制性定语从句(1)_____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What(2)_____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It注意：as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有。as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、之后、插在主句中，而which引导的从句不能放在句首。 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：asissaid=itissaidthatasweexpectedasisknowntoallasweplanedasoftenhappensasweallcanseeasisreportedinthenewspaperasisshowninPicture2asmaybeimagined 2、as引导限制性定语从句构成such…as…,thesame…as…,as…as,so…as等结构。(1)Helivesinthesamebuildingaswedo.(2)Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudo.(3)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which注意：such…as…与such…that…的区别 注意：thesame…as…与thesame…that…的区别。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostyesterday.thesame…as…指的是类似物ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.thesame…that…指的是同一物。 （1）TherearetwoboysinPeter"s，bothof____arewhite．（2）TherearetwoboysinPeter‘s，andbothof___arewhite．（1）Thiskindofplantgrowsbestattheplaces______itiswarmandwet．（2）Thiskindofplantgrowsbest____itiswarmandwet．（1）Johnisoneofthestudentswho_____English．（2）Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____English．（3）Oneofthestudents______English。定语从句易混淆句型训练inwhichknowknowsknowswherewhomthem 1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词 一、考查“介词+关系代词”的用法(1)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.forwhomD.towhom(2)IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30,_____manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime 二、考查带有“插入语”的定语从句(1)Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis 三、考查固定搭配中宾语提前的定语从句(1)Yourfamilyarereallyverykind.I’llneverforgetthe_____you’vedoneme.A.favourB.kindnessC.helpD.deed(2)The_____hetooktogathermaterialsforusmovedusalot.A.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.effort (3)That’sthebestwaywecouldthinkof_____thedyingworker.A.saveB.savedC.savingD.tosave(4)Youcan’timaginethegreattroublewehavehad_____thisflatforyou.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout(5)Ilayinsofa,enjoyingthebeautifulmusicTomhad_____outofhisDVD.A.comeB.itcomeC.comingD.itcoming 四、考查考生的抗干扰能力(谓语或动词形式）(1)Witheverythingsheneeded_____,shewenthomehappily.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy(2)I’mexaminingthecompositionhehasjustfinished_____anypossiblemistakesinit.A.correctB.correctedC.correctingD.tocorrect(3)ThepersonDrJohnsonisspeakingto_____usatalkoncomputersyesterday.A.giveB.gaveC.givingD.given (4)Thedaywehavelongbeenlookingforwardto_____atlast.A.comeB.cameC.comingD.hascome(5)Thestudentwho’sbeenreferredto_____forwardtogoingabroadforfurthereducation.A.lookB.looksC.lookingD.havinglooked(6)Lincoln’sstepmotherdideveryshecould____gethimmorebooks.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp(7)TheplaceIusedtogo_____justrightforapicnicA.isB.wasC.tobeD.tois (8)Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycan_____surethatIgetagoodeducation.A.makeB.madeC.makingD.tomake(9)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_____someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup(10)Hisuncle,thoughnotveryrich,spentallhehad_____himanewcomputer.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.tohavebought 五、考查定语从句与其他相关句型的区别1、考查定语从句与并列句的区别ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,_____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while2、考查定语从句与状语从句的区别3、考查定语从句与名词性从句的区别4、考查定语从句与强调句的区别 六、全国2004-2005年各地市高考题练习(1)-Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?-Thereisnooneelse_____,isthere?(北京05)A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn(2)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_____effectsthepeoplestillsuffering.(天津05)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what (3).Iwalkedinthegarden,_____TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(辽宁05)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that(4).Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(浙江05)A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it(5)-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenofferto?-Right,justtheone_____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(福建05)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what (7)Thestudentsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.(江西05)A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich(6)Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,_____hestudiedhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudents’Union.(湖北05)A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime (8)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_____itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.(安徽05)A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that(9)Theplace_____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(江苏05)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich (10).Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_____peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(广东05)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that (12)TheEnglishplay_____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(全国04I)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich(13)Thereweredirtymarksonthetrousers_____shehadwipedherhands.(全国04II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that (14)Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_____fivearemine.(全国04III)A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich(15)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.(全国04IV)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich