大学英语语法之existential 17页

ExistentialSentence There+be+NP+LocativeExpression(+TemporalExpression) Subject1.Formalsubjectandnotional(real)subjectthedeterminersofnotionalsubjectinclude:(1)theindefinitearticle;(2)thezeroarticle;(3)otherindefinitedeterminerssuchassome,any,no,several,many,much,more,(a)few,(a)little,less,another,alotof,plentyof,anumberof,enough,aswellasthecardinalnumerals. Thenotionalsubjectcanalsoberealizedbysome-,any-,no-compoundssuchassomething,nothing,anyone,etc. Transformfromothersentencepatternsintoanexistentialsentence.1.Verbinthesevenbasicsentencepatternsisprogressiveaspect(进行体)，wecouldtransformthatintotheexistentialsentencewith–ingparticipleSV：Atreeisfalling.→Thereisatreefalling.ＳＶＣ：Acomputerwasavailable.→Therewasacomputeravailable.Anewfilmwillbeon.→Therewillbeanewfilmon.ＳＶＯ：Noonewasgreetinghim.→Therewasnoonegreetinghim. ＳＶＯＯ：Agirlhasbeentellingmehertroubles.→Therehasbeenagirltellingmehertroubles.ＳＶＣ：Someoneispaintingthedoorgreen.→Thereissomeonepaintingthedoorgreen.ＳＶＡ：Isanyoneintheroom?→Isthereanyoneintheroom?ＳＶＯＡ：Manyworkershavebeenbuildingthebridgesincethen.→Therehavebeenmanyworkersbuildingthebridgesincethen. 2.Verbisnotprogressiveaspect,transformthatintorelativeclauseNoonecamehere.→Therewasnoonewhocamehere.Imustvisitafriend.→ThereisafriendImustvisit. 3.Thesubjectisthenounphrasewithgenericreference（类指)，transformthatintodoublenegativestructureAplantneedslightandwater.→Thereisnoplantthatdoesnotneedlightorwater.→(误)Thereisaplantthatneedslightandwater. 2.OmissionofformalsubjectOnthehill(there)standsatemple.Inthevalley(there)liesastream.3.Subject-verbconcordThereisanoldworker,twoteachersandtenstudentsinourgroup.Thereisnotonlyamotherbutalso5babiesthatarebeinglookedafterthere.4.Introductorytherevs.frontedadverbTherearetoomanypeoplehere.(introductorythere)Thereareourfriends.(initialadverb) Predicator1.VerbbeThereisacinemaherebeforethewar.Therecanbeverylittledoubtabouthisguilt.Therecan’thavebeenmuchtrafficsolateatnight.2.Somefixedcollocationbegoingto,beto,becertain/sureto,belikelyto,appearto,happento,seemtoThereislikelytobeabigsnowstormtonight.Thereseemtobestillsomequestionsunsolved. 3.Verbsofexistenceandpositionexist,live,stand,lie,remainTherejustremained28pounds.Long,longago,therelivedsixblindmeninIndia.Therelayanancientcitysomewhereinthemountains.Thereexistsanumberofsimilarcases. 4.Verbsofmotion(位置移动)come,go,walk,Therecomesatimefordecision.5.Verbsofemergenceordevelopmentappear,arise,emerge,develop,happen,occur,springThereappearstobenodoubtaboutit.Therearoseinhisimaginationvisionsofaworldempire. Non-finiteexistentialclausesTheretobe/(tohavebeen)+NP+locative/temporaladverbialTherebeing/havingbeen+NP+locative/temporaladverbial Asprepositionalcomplementation.Iftheprepositionis“for”,itusuallytakesthe“theretobe”formascomplementation.Theyplannedfortheretobeanothermeeting.Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.2.Asobjecttheretobe(verbssuchasexpect,mean,intend,want,like,prefer,hate)Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice.Idon’tmindtherebeingafewminormistakes. 3.AssubjectandadverbialAssubject,“therebeing”formiscommonlyusedTherebeingabusstopsonearthehouseisagreatadvantage.TherebeingisoftenusedasadverbialofcauseTherehavingbeenheavyrainforalongtime,thewholeplacewasflooded.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome. Somespecialstructurewiththeuseof“therebe”（1）therebeno/notany+gerund，means“impossible”argue,deny,know,mistake,say,tell,turnThereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.Thereisn’tanygettingawayfromit.（2）therebenopoint(orgood,sense,useetc.)indoingsth.Meansitisunnecessary(meaningless,useless)Thereisnopointinarguingfurther.Isthereanysenseinstartingwhileit’sraining. (3)thereisroomfor…(thereisstillsomethingtobedesired/itstillleavessomethingtobedesired)表示“有…的余地”Thereisnoroomfordoubtthatsheenjoysthejob.Thereisalwaysroomforimprovement.