倒装_英语语法 30页

"Saveourculturalcode文化代码"Home/Life/Heritage LinguisticsprofessorChiYongchangatLiaoningNormalUniversitybelievesnowisthetimetoprotectdialects,fromtheStateleveltothelocallevel.Whatisyourdialect?Whydolessandlesspeoplespeakdialect?Isitnecessarytoprotectdialects? MartinaHasse,aGermantranslatorandinterpreterofChineseliterature文献、文学,whohasstayedinChinaforyears,believeslocaldialectsareimportantbecauseplurality[plu"ræləti]大量andindividualismisgood.Chen,theeventorganizeranddirectorofthecity"sLanguageCommission,believestheDaliandialectembodiesthecharacterofitspeople."It"sbold大胆、醒目,zealous热心、狂热andforthright直率、坦白,bringingatasteofoystern.牡蛎、生蚝,"shesays. "There"snosuchproblemasdialectsdyingout,becausethenumberofspeakersoftheseveralmaindialectsremainsinthetensofmillions.""Butthere"sagrowinggenerationgap.Childrenarelosingtheabilitytospeaklocaltongues,andalsolosingthekeytotheirculturalcontinuity[kɑːntə"nuːəti]连续性,whichisreallyhorrible. AccordingtoasurveybyChinaYouthDailyin2009,62percentof5,600peoplesaidtheythinkfilmsandTVprogramsappeartruertolifewhentheroleshavedialects.Chiaddsaknowledgeofdialectscanhelpcrack撞击crimeandsaysheoncehelpedthepoliceoutwithakidnapcasebyanalyzinga15-minuterecording.ButChidoesn"tthinkdialectsaredisappearingbecauseofMandarin. TheDaliandialectrepresentativesaretorecord1,000commoncharacters,1,200commonphrasesand50sentencesintheformofdialogues,plustellastoryaboutthelovelegendofNiuLangandZhiNu.AllthephonicandvideodatagatheredwillbecollectedandpresentedononemapofChina,withthebasicunitsstandingforthousandsofcountiesinthecountry.Then,likeasciencefictionmovie,themapwillcometolifewithaclickandonewillbeabletoseeandlistentohowpeoplespeakwithadialect."Isn"tthatfascinating,nomatterhowthedialectsarechanging?"Chisays. Inversion 英语倒装句分为两种：１、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装。（即主语与谓语交换位置，不需要借助其他助动词）Thereisatableintheroom.２、部分谓语（情态动词、主动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫不完全倒装句。(即主语与谓语的助动词交换位置)Whydidyoudoitlikethat? 一、完全倒装1.Therebe句型在therebe句子中，谓语是be,exist,live,lie等表示状态的不及物动词。动词后的名词为句子的主语。句子的谓语应与最靠近它的主语相一致。Thereisnobodyintheclassroom.Thereseemssomethingwrongwithmyradio. 2.用于副词（here、there、now、out、in、then、up、down、away、over、off、back等）开头的句子中。（不及物动词或be动词）Thebuscomeshere.Thechildrenwentout.Thepricesgoupandout.Thehorseswentoff.Thebrownwavescamedown!ThedooropenedandMr.Smith,ourheadmastercamein.Herecomesthebus.Outwentthechildren.Upandoutgotheprices.Offwentthehorses.Downcamethebrownwaves!ThedooropenedandincameMr.Smith,ourheadmaster. Theregoesthebell.Theregoesthethief!Herecomesyourhusband.注意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。Herehecomes.Hereitis. 注、1.当代词做句子的主语时,句子不能倒装。Awaytheywent.Backtheyfought.Herehecomes.Upitflew.2.地点状语提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是be,stand,sit,lie等动词时。句子也常要构成完全倒装结构的句子。Abigsteelfactoryliessouthofthecity.Thefrightenedsoundcamefromthevalley.Asmallboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse.Apictureofahorsewasoneverypieceofpaper.Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.Fromthevalleycamethefrightenedsound.Infrontofthefarmhousesatasmallboy.Oneverypieceofpaperwasapictureofahorse. 注：3.直接引语放句首，此种情况既可倒装也可以不倒装。“Idon"tknow.”saidtheboy.“Idon"tknow.”theboysaid. 1.only在句首强调状语，主句半倒装。OnlyinthiswayyoucanmasterEnglish.Onlythenwerealizedthatthemanwasblind.canyoumasterdidwerealize二、不完全倒装 2.在Nosooner…than,Hardly…when,Not…until句型中。但从句不倒装,主句倒装。Hedidnotfinishhishomeworkuntiltheteachercame.NosoonerhadweenteredthehousethanitbegantorainHardlyhadweenteredthehousewhenitbegantorain.untiltheteachercameNothedidn’tfinishNotuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework. 3.never,hardly,seldom,little,scarcely,barely,notonly,not等具有否定意义位于句首时：Notasinglemistakedidhemake.Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.Notonlydidhesmoke,butalsohedrank.NeverhaveIseensomanypeople. 注：notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时不需倒装。NotonlyhebutalsoIlikeplayingchess.neither…nor在句首时，前后两句都需要倒装。NeitherdoIhaveahusbandnordoesmyhusband. 4.当句子中出现so,nor,neither用于表示“也”时：HehasbeentoBeijing,sohaveI.Ican’tanswerthequestion,neithercanhe.注意sodoI与soIdo的区别。SodoI用于说明前句所说的内容同样适合于另一个人；而soIdo则是用来肯定前句所说的内容。 5.在so…that句型中，so…提到句时：Socarelesslydidhedrivethathealmostkilledhimself.2.Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.3.Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.4.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit. 6.If引导的虚拟条件句,可省略if,把should,had或were放在主语前.1.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldgrowbetter.2.IfIwereyourfather,Iwouldnotgiveyouthemoney.3.Ifithadnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunk.ShoulditrainWereIyourfatherHaditnotbeenforthecaptain 在以上这些结构中，如果句子中只有be动词，而没有助动词、情态动词时，句子也应该构成完全倒装结构。Notonlyisheasinger,buthealsoisadancer.Sheismyteacher,soishe.Soexcitedwashethathecouldn’tsayaword. as和though引导的让步状语从句中：a.adj.+as+s.+v.,S.+V.Proudasthesenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.b.adv.+as+s.+v.,S.+V.Hardastheytried,theycouldnotfindthenecklace.三、其他 c.n.+as+s.+v.,S.+V.Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.注：名词前不能加任何冠词d.v.+as+s.+助动词，S.+V.Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.注：在倒装句中，助动词仍出现在主语后是很少见的。 2.however/nomatterhow等引导的让步状语从句中,常将从句中的形容词.副词提到句首,紧跟在however之后,但从句的主谓语序不倒装.Howeverdifficultcomputerscienceis,Iwilltrymybesttomasterit. Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：Suchwastheresult.Suchwereherwords.Suchwasthestoryhetold. 1.Onlyinthisway_______makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto2.Onlywhenthemeetingwasover_______gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe3.Onlyinthisafternoon_______thenovel.A.IfinishedB.IcouldfinishC.didIfinishD.IwasabletofinishBCC Notuntil___enteredtheuniversity___theimportanceoftime.A.hadmyson;herealizedB.mysonhad;didherealizeC.hadmyson;didherealizeD.mysonhad;herealized2.Hardly___asleepwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.A.shehadfallenB.hasshefallenC.hadshefallenD.shefellNosooner___reachedthisconclusionthantheyagreedtoit.A.haveweB.didweC.hadweD.couldweBCC 1.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife____sohappy.A.didIfeltB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt2.Notasinglesong____atyesterday’sparty.A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing3.Little____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared4.Atthegate____asoldier____uniform.A.lying;inB.lain;wornC.laid;dressingD.lay;in5.Nosooner____histalkthanhe____theworkers.A.hefinished;surroundedallB.didhefinish;didsurroundedC.hadhefinished;wassurroundedbyD.hashefinished;wassurroundedbyDCBDC 7.So____thatnofishcanliveinit.A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow8.Hardly____intotheoffice__thetelephonerang.A.doeshego;thanB.didhego;whenC.hashegone;whenD.hadhegone;when9.Onlywhen____over____tohishometown.A.wasthewar;didtheyoungsoldierreturnB.thewarwas;didtheyoungsoldierreturnC.wasthewar;theyoungsoldierreturnedD.thewarwas;returnedtheyoungsoldier10.MrSmithpromisedtohelpmeand____thenextday.A.neitherhedidB.sohedidC.neitherdidheD.sodidheCDBB