英语语法填空十四军规 6页

2015高考英语语法填空考点预测新东方在线李辉“Grammarisconfusing.Fortunately,LiHuiwilltellyousomewonderfultipswhichcanmakeiteasier(foryou)(toconquerEnglish).”（它们）这件事（什么事儿呢）fortune运气n.mistune不幸n.fortunate幸运的adj.unfortunate不幸的adj.fortunately幸运地；幸运的是adv.unfortunately不幸地；不幸的是adv.【语法填空十四条军规】一、如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，就是填谓语动词（考时态/被动/虚拟）JJ__is__(be)ugly.JJ__is__(be)uglybutistender.靠“关系”做语法题！【纯时态的】Aboyonabike__caught__(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.一般过去=讲故事！In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__was_(be)unimaginable(thatitcouldeverbecleanedup).(Ontheirreturn)thefatheraskedhisson(toexplain)(whathehadlearnt).Theboy,(whohadremainedsilentanddeepinthought)(onthejourneyhome),_replied_(reply)inaway(thatshockedhisfather).Theboysaidhewantedtobecomeafarmer.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyjust__followed___(follow)orders.Ihadtoaskforaleave(totakeJacktothehospital)(becausehe__hadcut___(cut)hisfinger).过去完成时=过去之前takeachance=takearisk=冒险askforaleave请假【被动】(1)Thenewgumcan_beremoved_(remove)easily(frompavements,shoesandclothes).(2)Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’re_gone_(go).(3)Hermotherwasexcited．“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_wasinformed_(inform).【虚拟】含义：你说出来的这句话，不是真实的，而是虚拟的！结构：在本来的时态上加一个did.这句话是虚拟出来的！IwishIwouldgotothemoon.[虚拟将来]willgo+did=wouldgoIwishIwereyou.[虚拟现在]am+did+wereIwishIhadarrivedearlier.[虚拟过去]arrived+did=hadarrived.Hewalkedintotheclassroomproudlyasifhe_hadbought_(buy)thewholeschool.Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I_musthaveput_(put)theminthere(whenthephonerang).情态动词+havedone=描述过去！！！！musthavedone肯定做了某事吧can’thavedone不可能做了某事吧wouldhavedone本来会做某事couldhavedone本来能够做某事shouldhavedone本应该做某事 mighthavedone本来有可能做某事注意：谓语动词=助动词+实义动词（1）will/shall+do（2）have/has/had+done（3）be+doing/done（4）情态动词+do/havedone二、如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词要用非谓语形式，这时要根据句子所缺句子成分和所填单词含义来确定具体的非谓语形式。主动doing被动done要做、去做todo(未做)__Tocomplete_(complete)theprojectasfollowed,we’llhavetoworkfortwomorehoursperday.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_tostop_(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept_riding_(ride).Thenewgumaddsaspecialpolymertomodify(修改，改变)itsproperties(特性),__making_(make)itfar__less__(little)sticky.Withtheproblem_solved_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.Theheadmasterwentintothemeetingroom,_followed_(follow)bysometeachers.注：如果非谓语前面有名词，则这个非谓语是在描述这个名词；如果非谓语前面没有名词，这个非谓语描述主句主语。Smiling,LiHuiwalkedin.微笑着，李辉走进来。Theskywaitingfortherain,Iamwaitingforyou.非谓语结构真正的句子Theskyiswaitingfortherain,andIamwaitingforyou.真正的句子and真正的句子三、如果有第三个动词提示词，可能变为其他词性（名词/动名词/形容词）“判形式，找相关！”介词后面跟名词！！！！！！！！！Whilethereare___amazing___(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe___changes___(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_being_(be)lateforschool.ButJaneknew(frompastexperience)[thather___choices___(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather].Anewscientificstudyshowsthateducationcanaffectour_appearance_(appear)(morethanwehaverealized).I’mnotafraidof_beingcaught_(catch)bythepolice,becausetherewasnocopanywherearound.catchcatchingbecaughtbeingcaught【练习】例1.Thefirstcard_wasdesigned_(design)(byJ.C.Horsley)(asacommercialendeavor).例2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_closed_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.例3.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople__leave_(leave)townsandfarms(tomove)(tocities).This_moving_(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.例4.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirections(thatthecarindustryistaking).Alsotheindustry_willproduce_(produce)cars(thatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffect)(ontheenvironment)(thesedays).描述趋势、描述未来例5.Nobodyknows(what_wouldhavehappened_)(happen)(ifshehadrefusedtopay).主过将完，从过完例6.Hisfear(offailure)kepthim(fromclassroomgames)(thatotherchildren_wereplaying_)(play)(withjoyousabandon).例7.Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledon’tnecessarily(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_comes__(come)alongtheirway. 例8.Thecountrylife(hewasusedto)__haschanged__(change)greatlysincetheopeningpolicy改革开放政策.完成时+（since+过去时）例9.Theinternationalagreement,(intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand__help__(help)peoplekickthehabit),__wassigned___(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.intend的发出者只能是人，所以这里的agreement和intend只能是被动关系，故使用intend的过去分词形式：intended例10.Itisnotenoughonly_tomemorize_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.例11.Youknow,__speaking_(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.动名词作主语例12.__Tocomplete_(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.例13.Theyoungstudentdidall(thathecould)_topass_(pass)theexaminations.例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,(whoaresmartandstrong-willed),areverylikely__tosucceed__(success).例15.Hesawthestone,_saying_(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”例16.Therewillbeameeting,_starting_(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.例17.…….Lessons(_learned_(learn)insports)canhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.例18.At9:07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarchⅡ-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChina’sthirdmannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnitedStatesastheonlycountries__tohavesent__(send)astronautsintospace.注意：名词前有first,second,…last,only修饰时，后面要用todo/tohavedone做后置定语。注意：非谓语结构中出现have，表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前。四、句子缺主语/宾语，应该补名词/代词Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_me_wanttosayitagain:asmilecancrossalllanguagebarriers.句型：AmadeBdoCA让B做C这件事儿Arealtrialbegan(whenIstood)(ontheplatform)(withmylegs)(trembling)and(withmymindblank).…GraduallyIfound_myself_back,givingoutmyspeechwithdifficulty.反身代词：返回来说自身——当主语是我，宾语也是我时，宾语的我用myself英语句子有三个最基本结构：1、有什么Therebe+n.+doingsth.2、谁干了什么sbdosth.3、谁是什么sbisstha/an/themy/your/his/her/theirthis/that/these/those五、名词前加限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词）Wehad_an_amazingconversation.Sheapologized(forthemistake)andgaveusaspareVIProom(on_the_topfloor).Ayoungman,(whiletravelingthroughadesert),cameacrossaspring泉(ofclearwater).__The__waterwassweet.最简单做题法：翻译成“一”，用a/an翻译成“那”，用the翻译成“你的”，用your翻译成“这个”用this翻译成“这些”用these 下列情况很可能填不定冠词a/an：(1)________+可数名词(单数)；(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。Itwasmid-afternoonandIhadbeenlisteningtotheradioandreading_a_book.下列情况下很可能填定冠词the：(1)________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)________(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。(4)________+first/last/only/most+名词Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,usingsomeof__the__fewwords(Ihadlearned).Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof_the_mostoutstandingexamples(ofenvironmentalcleanup).Itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin__the_lastrow.六、动词原形前加助动词（will/shall/does/do/did）/情态动词/toThenthedriverstoodupandasked，“_Did_anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It"s_mine_(I)．”七、修饰名词或作表语，用形容词So,I’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_personal_(person)information.Thatwouldbeavery_reasonable_(reason)thingtodoinabigcityJustbe_patient_(patience).Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_cleaner_(clean)thanever.八、提示词是形容词，很可能要变副词（修饰动词、形容词、副词、整句）Hemustbe_mentally_(mental)disabled.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas_surprisingly_(surprise)helpful.Theboyfinishedbysaying,“BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois_truly_(true)rich.”Withthis,theboygotupandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally_speechless形容词，修饰爸爸_(speech).Butarecentstudysawthingsquite__differently___(different).Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_warmly_(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__actually__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t__possibly_(possible)destroyavillage.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers_suddenly_(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.JJrunsveryfast.程度副词副词用法：（1）作用：修饰动词/形容词/副词/整句（2）位置：句子前，句子后，be后实前助实间Slowly,Iwentout.Iwentoutslowly.JJisundoubtedlyanuglyteacher.Islowlywentout.Iwasslowlywalkingout.九、形容词/副词的比较级、最高级1、碰到as选原级，碰到than选比较级，in/of/among最高级Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicateinwords.Ifelt_lesslonely_(lonely)thanIhadexpected thatnight.2、修饰比较级：far,alittle,abit,much,alot,agreatdeal,any,even,still,slightlyJJbecomesfar/alittle/abit/much/alot/agreatdealuglier.DoesJJbecomeanyuglier?Yes,hebecomesevenuglierthanbefore.JJisstilluglierthanPP.Infact,JJisslightlyuglierthanPP.Oneday,hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”_higher_(high).Finesnowcoveredtheyard,dustedthetopofmytruckandwhitenedtheroad.Butthatwasn’tthe_worst_(bad)part.Alltherainfromyesterdayhadfrozensolid—coatingtheneedlesonthetreesinfantasticpatterns,andmakingthedrivewayveryslippery.十、连接名词或代词时，用介词介词唯一的语法：跟名词！！！！！如果将“________(+限定词)+名词”或“________+代词”结构去掉，句子剩余部分仍然结构完整时，空格处填介词Onedayarichmantookhissononatriptothecountry.Hewantedtoshowhissonhowthepoorlivedsohecouldbethankful(_for_hiswealth).Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt_at_alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect_for_thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.”填介词时，除了考虑与其后名词的搭配，还要考虑与前面的动词、形容词的搭配。Ididn’tunderstand__why__thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged_for_thereservation.for介词：因为，为了，过多久连词：因为十一、It结构考辨认（1）it作形式主语It+is+adj+（that从句/todo）这件事儿是什么样子的，什么事儿呢？……Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sheremembered(howdifficult_it_was)(tochooseasuitableChristmaspresent)(forherfather).Ittookyearsofwork_toreduce_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandclean洁净thewater.（2）it作形式宾语Sbthink/find/believeit+adj+（that从句/todo）某人认为/发现/相信这件事是什么样子的，什么事儿呢？……Ithink_it_goodtohaveabalanceofviewpoints.平衡意见（3）it替代前文的内容。Itissaidthatashort-temperedman(intheSongDynasty)(960—1279)wasveryanxious(tohelphisricecropgrowupquickly).Hewasthinkingabout_it_dayandnight.这件事被说（什么事儿呢）一个急脾气的男人在宋朝非常焦急去帮助他的稻子长高得快。十二、并列结构必出题（A~~andB~~结构中，A和B结构相同含义相似）Isometimesorderproductsorserviceonline(tosavemoneyandtime)(insteadofgoingtoastoreand_buying_(buy)whatI’mlookingfor)．Forafamilyoffour,thisismoreconvenientaswellas_cheaper_(cheap)tosit_comfortably_(comfortable)athome.Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomethinguseful，Iapplied，fearingasIdidso，that_without_adegreeandwithnoexperienceofteachingmychancesofgettingthejobwereslim．Valentine’sDayisthetimeoftheyearwhencouplesshowtheirloveforeachotherbysendingcards,flowersandchocolates.Itsoriginsare _unclear_(clear)andhiddenintheriveroftime.NobodyknowsexactlywhoSt.Valentinewas…【看清并列两项的逻辑关系】Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,__and__someofthemlookedveryanxiousand_disappointed_(disappoint).Buttheriverwasn"tchanged(inafewdays)__or__(evenafewmonths).Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch_nor___toolittle.We_weretold_(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,_but_fortheweekafter.十三、固定搭配须积累Igotaplacenext___to___thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Inthebeginning,therewasonly___a___verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always___thinking___(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”十四、三大从句靠翻译若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。Nick’sguests,_who_hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.定从修饰人Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder_who_hadbeenhisteacher.定从修饰人Behindhimwereotherpeople(to_whom_hewastryingtotalk).定从修饰人Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit_that/which_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.定从修饰物Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,_which_madeherfeellikeastar.“which=这件事儿”Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach_where_wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.定从修饰地点“在那儿”InJapan,forexample,itisnormalforthewomantosendchocolatestotheman,_____inKoreaApril14thisknownas“BlackDay”…“表对比，用while”_Although_hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.Myfriendswalkedme(tothebusstop)andwaited(withme)_until_thebusarrived.小技巧：主句从句都不完整时，90%填whatTheyspentacoupleofdaysandnightsonthefarmof_what_wouldbeconsideredapoorfamily.Thenewboylookedattheteacher(_for_afewseconds)andalltheotherstudentswondered_what_theboywoulddo.【语法填空十四条军规】1、缺谓语动词时，填谓语动词2、不缺谓语动词时，填非谓语动词3、有第三个动词提示词时，可能要换词性4、缺主语宾语，填名词代词5、名词前面填限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词）6、动词原形前面填助动词/情态动词/to/not(do/does/did/will/shall)(should/can/may/must)7、修饰名词或作表语，用形容词8、提示词是形容词，常变副词9、比较级/最高级10、介词+名词11、it句型12、并列结构13、固定搭配14、三大从句【语法填空两大解题原则】1、把话说清楚：词形转换2、把话说完整：句子成分A.Thedogislovely.Iwantit.B.Thedogislovely.Iwantone.AlthoughIamhungry,Ican’tgotodinner.Hungryas/thoughIam,Ican’tgotodinner.