中考英语语法一点通——形容词和副词 13页

障考英悟悟体一皮通——形容胸毛副胸fle知识淸单一、形客词輪基痒用试说明人或物的特征、性质和状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫作形容词。1、作定语形容词作定语时，放在名词Z前，复合不定代词Z后。Helivesinabeautifulhouse.Thereisnothingimportantintodaynewspaper.2、作表语放在系动词(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem等)之后。Hisideasoundsgreat.3、作宾语补足语放在宾语后面,常与make,keep,find,leave等动词连用。Theykeeptheclassroomcleaneveryday.WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.二、副褐的基痒用族1、副词的分类①时间副词：now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,ago,early,late,already,yet,ever等。 ①地点副词：outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,away,off,up,down等，地点副词前而不用介词。②方式副词：quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast等，方式副词人多数由“形容词+ly”构成。③程度副词：very,quite,too,so,rather等，程度副词用来修饰形容词和副词。④疑问副词：when,where,why,how,howlong,howsoon,howfar,howoften,howmuch等。⑤频度畐iJ词：sometimes,often,usually,always,seldom,never等。⑥关系副词：when,where,why,关系副词用来引导定语从句。2、副词的功能①作状语副词作状语修饰动词、形容词和副词，还可以修饰整个句子。Heworkshard.（修饰动词）Heworkedouttheproblemveryeasily.（修饰副词）Unfortunately,hewasawaywhenIarrived.（修饰整个句子）②作表语作表语的副词,大多数表示位置或者状态,如out,in,on,back,down,up,off,away,upstairs,downstairs等。Heisin.What"sonthisevening?Imustbeoffnow.三、形客領和剖词級的用试 1、原级比较表示A与B在某方面程度相同或者不同时，用形容词和副词原级。肯定的结构：A...+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B“A和B—样”EnglishisasinterestingasChinese・Icanrunasquicklyasyou.否定的结构：A...not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B“A不如BThisbookisrftasnewasthatone.EnglishisnotsointerestingasChinese.^EnglishislessinterestingthanChinese.Hedoesn"twriteascarefullyashissister.=Hewriteslesscarefullythanhissister.2、比较级和最高级①构成【规则变化】构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词shortshortershortest+er/estcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+i7stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest 单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/estbighot以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i+er/estheavybusy多音节词在前El+more/mostimportantbeautiful【不规贝原级比较级good/wellbetterbad/ill/badlyworsemany/muchmorelittlelessoldolder（年纪较elder（较年七farfarther（较jfurther（进—biggerbiggesthotterhottestheavierheaviestbusierbusiestmoreimportantmostimportantmorebeautifulmostbeautiful"变化】最高级bestworstmostleast汰的）c的）oldest（年级最大的）eldest（最年长的）远）•步）farthest（最远）furthest（最大限度） ②表示两者间进行比较时，用形容词和副词比较级，结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。Lily"sroomisbiggerthanmine.Tomishard-working.Iworkharderthanhim.①表示两者进行比较时，用比较级，表示“哪一个更……”。Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?Whichrunsmorequickly,tigersorlions?②表示“越来越……”用比较级的重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词和副词为多音节词吋，用"moreandmore+多音节词”。It"sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring・Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.③表示“越……,就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”。Themorecarefulyouare,themorepointsyouwillget.Themoreweknoweachother,thebetterweunderstandeachother.④表示“两者之间比较……的一个(ofthetwo)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。Maryisthetallerofthetwins.⑤比较级可以被一些程度副词修饰，如：alittle,abit,alot,much,even,still,far,any等。Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.⑥表示三者或者以上的人和物进行比较吋，用最高级形式，形容词最高级前常加上定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语表示范围；副词最高级前the可以省略。ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou? Bentalks(the)leastanddoes(the)mostinhisclass.①表示“最……的时，用“oneofthe+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。JayChouisoneofthemostpopularsingers.②形容词最高级前面可以加上序数词，表示“第儿最……”。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.特剔提醒；1、形容词最高级前可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用定冠词。Thisisourbestlessontoday.2、形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.=Heisthetallestboyinourclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinourclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherboysinourclass.BeijingisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.(北京属于屮国)BeijingisbiggerthananycityinJapan,(j匕京彳从属于中国)四、令见衫客彳司用泾艸析1、・ing形容词表示“令人……的”，常与物连用，也可以与人连用，形容词表示“感到……的”，常与人连用。类似的形容词有：interesting/interested,exciting/excited,amazing/amazed,tiring/tired,boring/bored,moving/moved等。aninterestingfilm一场有趣的电影 aninterestedboy一个感兴趣的男孩aboringgame一场无聊的比赛aboredpassenger一位无聊的乘客2、farther和furtherfarther和further都是far的比较级，在谈论地点、方向或距离时，farther和further可以互换；表示“更多、进一步”等含义时，这时不能与farther互换。IwassotiredthatIcouldn"twalkanyfarther/further.Hewentabroadforfurtherstudy.3、older和elderolder表示"较老的、较旧的、年纪较大的”，elder—般用于比较一家人的年龄长幼，意为“年长的”。Yourbikeisolderthanmine.He"smyelderbrother.4、ill和sick两个词都表示“病的、生病的”，都可以用作表语，ill只能作表语，表示“生病的”，sick可以用作表语或者定语。Shehasbeenillfortwoweeks.Thesickwomanishisaunt.5、alone和lonelyalone既可以用作形容词，也可以用作副词，主要作表语和状语，强调客观上的孤单；lonely是形容词，强调情感和内心孤独、孤寂，用作表语和定语，作定语时，也可以修饰事物。 Theoldmanlivesinalonelyislandaloneformanyyears,buthedoesiftfeellonely.A.冷见iW司用倣料析1、hard和hardlyhard用作形容词表示“困难的”,用作副词表示“努力地、激烈地”；hardly表示“几乎不”,用作否定副词。It"sraininghard.Icanhardlyunderstandhiswords-2、muchtoo和toomuchmuchtooa非常、极其、太”中心词是too,much修饰too,muchtoo修饰形容词和副词原级;toomuch"太多”屮心词是much,too修饰much,toomuch修饰不可数名词或者动词。Thecarismuchtooexpensive.Thereistoomuchraininsummer.3、too,aswell,alsoeithertoo用在肯定句中，放在句尾，前面常加逗号隔开；aswell用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号；also放在句屮；either用于否定句屮，前面常加逗号隔开。IlikeEnglishtoo.=1likeEnglishaswell.=1alsolikeEnglish.Idon"tlikeEnglish,either.4^close/deep/high/wide与closely/deeply/highly/widely有些形容词可以直接用作副词，也可以加上ly构成副词，但是两者之间有一•定的区别。前者 表示具体的含义，后者表示抽象的含义。Helivelyveryclosetome.Watchmeclosely.Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Iwasdeeplymovedbyhisstory.Thekiteisflyinghigh.Hethoughthighlyofmyopinion.难点突破1、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序限定词+描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色）+出处+材料+类别+名词anredcottonskirtanexpensiveChinesesportscar2、定语形容词和表语形容词有少数形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，女U：littlejive（活着的）,elder,eldesto有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作前置定语，女口：alone,alive,asleep,afraid,ill,well（身体好的）,sure,unableoalivefishamanalive fallasleep1、形容词和副词的考查重点之一就是级的用法，要抓住题干中的关键词和结构，如：than,as+形容词/副词原级+as,notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as。2、结合具体语境，确定用形容词还是副词，谨记：形容词用作定语、表语和宾语补足语；副词用作状语。易错题型J1.Julialookedverywhenshefinishedherperformanceandsaidthankstotheaudience.A.happilyB.quietlyC.lovelyD.seriously2.—Totellyouthetruth,weareplanningtohaveasecondbabyrecently.—Thinktwice,formostchildrenaretodealwith.A.tiredB.tiringC・interestedD・interesting3.ThecoachthinksofMary"ssportstalents,forshejumpedveryatthesportsmeeting.A.high;highB.highly;highlyC.high;highlyD.highly;high4.PeterspeaksChinesewellindeed.butofcoursenotalocalspeakerinChina.A.sofluemlyasB.morefluentthanC.asfluentasD.muchfluentlythan5.—Thepictureis,Ihavetosay,notabitbeautiful. -Whv?It"sthanthepicturesIhaveeverseen.A.farmorebeautifulB.muchlessbeautifulC.nomorebeautifulD.anylessbeautiful6.Ofthetwosisters,Lucyisone,andsheisalsotheonewholovestobequiet.A.ayoungerB.ayoungestC.theyoungerD.theyoungest7.Mingminggotupvery.sohecametoschoolhalfanhour•A.late;latelyB.lately;lateC.lately;latelyD.late;late8.Thevoungscientistdecidedtoworkintheforest.A.lonely;aloneB.alone;lonelyC.alone;aloneD.lonely;lonely9.Trytomakeasmistakesaspossible.A.lessJLB.littleC.fewD.afew10.—Whatabouthavingapicnichere,John?—Goodidea!Fmfeelinghungry,too.A.muchB.abitC.notabitD.abitof参考答案 1-5CBDAA6-10CDBCB