英语语法学案---相似词辨析 21页

金孔雀教育初屮英语语法…和似词辨析1.everydayeverydayeveryday形容词每天的，日常的everyday副词每天1.ReadingEnglishismywork.2.,theycomeandgo,butnoonenoticesthis.2.alotalotof（lotsof）alot副词很多修饰动词、形容词或副词alotof（lotsof）表达量的词组许多，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词1.Studyingbylisteningtotapeshelpsme・2.Mystudentsoftencomplainthattheyhavehomeworkeveryday,theyfeeltired.3.abitabitofabit副词一点修饰动词、形容词或副词abitof量词一点修饰不可数名词1・Lindaistallerthanme.2.Thereiswaterinthebottle・4・aloudloudloudlyaloud形容词、副词大声的（比较悦耳的声音）常与thinkread等连用loud形容词、副词大芦的（指洪亮的芦咅）loudly副词大声地（不悦耳的声音）1.1oftenaskmystudenttoreadEnglishinclass.2.Donishoutinclass,Ican"tstandit. 2.Shespeaks,wecanhearherclearly.5.sometimessometimessometimesometimesometimes冇时•sometimes有儿次sometime一段时间sometime某个时候1.-Howlongareyoustayingthere?-For.Ithink2.They"vebeentoBeijing、sotheymayknowtherewell.3.LiuChangusuallygoestoschoolbybike,buthealsowalks.4.PHvisityounextweek.6.kindofakindofkindof副词一点修饰形容词或副词akindof量词一类1.Thestoryisinteresting.2.Thetigeriscat.7.lonelyalonelonely形容词孤独的，寂寞的形容人的感情alone形容词单独独处不涉及人的感情1.Youcan^ttrekthroughtheAmazonJungle・It，sdangerous.2.Shehasfewfriendshere,sosheoftenfeels.&sleepysleepingasleepsleepy形容词疲倦的，困的可作定语或表语sleeping形容词“正在睡的”只作定语asleep形容词只作表语或状语，常与fall连用1.ChengHanworkedthewholenightlastnight.Look,sheisnow,sheshouldhavearest.2.pillscanhelpyoufallfast. 9.tooeitheraswellalsotoo也，：either也，also也,aswell也,放肯定句句末，用逗号隔开放否定句句末，用逗号隔开放肯定句句中，不用逗号隔开放肯定句句末，不用逗号隔开1.I"m2yearsold,Sheis2yearsold.2.MartinwenttoChengdu,Sarahdid,.3.MartinwenttoChengdu,Sarahdid.4.Theycan，tspeakFrench,wecan，t,10・goodwellgood形容词好的well形容词指身休好，作副词指做事情做得好，是good的副词1.YiJianlianisabasketballplaye匚2-Howisyourbrother?1.-Oh,heis,andhisbooksells11>illsickill作表语生病的作定语道徳败坏的sick作表语、定语都是生病的1.Jackisa(n)boy,noonelikeshim.2.Lookattheboy,howweakheis.12.hardhardlyhard形容词硬的，困难的作副词有困难地，努力的hardly副词几乎没冇，表否定1.Heworksatmath,maybeheHlgetanAinthemathexam.2.Bravepeoplegiveinbeforetrouble. 13.widewidelywide宽的widely广泛地1.Englishisusedintheworld.2.Hiseyesopenedwhenhesawthesnake.14.highhighlyhigh形容词高的highly副词高度地1.Theplaneisflyinginthesky.2.Thelittleboysavedtheblindmansoeveryonespokeofhim.15.latelatelylaterlatestlate形容词、副词晚的，迟到的lately副词最近的可用于现在完成时later形容词稍后Wlateronlatest形容词最近的，最新的1.Don，tbeforschoolagain.2.ThatisZhangYimou"smovie.3.on,they"llflytoBerlin.4.Fvewrittenabook.16.nearnearlynear作形容词近的：作介词附近，挨着nearly副词几乎1.1can"tseeyouclearly,pleasestand・1.Howdangerousitwas!Thecarhitthelittlegirl.17.mostalmostmost形容词大多数的almost副词儿乎与nearly同 1・studentscandoitwell.2.everyonecandoit.1&toomuchmuchtootoomanytoomuch形容词组，修饰不可数名词muchtoo副词组，修饰形容词或副词toomany形容词组，修饰可数名词复数1.Yoifveeaten,it9sbadforyourstomach.2.Therearevisitors.Yoifdbetternotgothere.3.Atthistimeofyear,therearetouristsinJiuzhaigou,it"sbadfortheenvironmen匚4.Heistired・Hecarftworkanymore・19.notatallnotalittlenotatall根本不修饰动词，也可修饰形容词，但形容词放前面，可分开写:not...atallnotalittle根本不只修饰形容词，形容词放后1.Theseatsonthetrainsarecomfortable.2.Welikethatkindoffood.20・fewafewlittlealittlefew表否定，没有几个后跟可数名词afew表肯定，有儿个后跟可数名词little表否定，没冇后跟不可数名词alittle表肯定，有一点后跟不可数名词1.Therearevegetablesleft,youshouldgoandbuysome.2.Mum,canyougivememoney,Iwanttogotothemovies.3.WehaveveryCoke,dowe?4.FmhappythatIhavefriendshere.21•下列这些动词的形容词有两种，一种是分词形式，一种是・ed形式。其中・ing分词形式的形 容词修饰物，・ed形式的形容词修饰人interest,surprise,please(pleasedpleasant),move,tire,frustrate,excite,worry,bore,amaze等用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Thisisan(interest)story.2.We9re(surprise)atthenews.3.Weareall(excite)aboutthewinningofthewomerTsvolleyball.4.Thiskindofbooksis(bore),fewpeoplelikereadingthem.相似动词与词组辨析Ltelltalksayspeaktell告诉，讲述可接双宾语talk交谈有talkwith/tosay说强调说的内容，冇saytosbspeak说某种语言其直接宾语为语言，若要对某人或物说，则用speakto1Canyoumethetruth?2Whatlanguagedoyou?3Thisiswhattheyyesterday.4Don"tinclass,pleasebequiet.2.looklookatseewatchlook看起来(系动词，接形容词作表语)lookat朝…看强调看的方向see看见强调看到的结果watch观看尤其指看电视，看球赛等1Thecoatnice,Iwanttobuyoneformydaughter.2Pleasetheblackboard,canyouanything?3Shedoesn^likeTV,butshelikesfootballgame.3.soundlistentohearsound听起来（系动词，接形容词作表语） listento听强调听的动作与方向hear听见强调听的结果1theradio,itsaysthefloodiscomingsoon.2Ican"tyou,becausethere9ssomethingwrongwithmyears.3Whatyousaidinteresting.4・hearfromhearofhearfrom收到…的来信hearof听说…的消息1Afterhersister,shereadandsoonwroteback.2HaveyoutheplacecalledShenglong?1.receiveacceptreceive收到强调收的动作accept接受，收下强调收的结果Heapresentyesterday,buthedidn"tit,becauseitwastoomuchexpensiveandhesentitback・2.lookuplookforfindfindoutlookup查词典、帖、电话簿等，代词放中间lookfor寻找强调找的动作find找到强调结果findout发现结果是指经过调查、研究、分析或判断等努力I佃发现的结论1Heoftentakesadictionaryandthenewwordsinit?2Thelittlegirlherpeneverywherebutdidn"titatlast.3Look!Ritaiscryingoverthere.Let9sgoandwhyisshecrying.3.keepborrowlendkeep借是一个延续性动词 borrow借（进）强调从别人那里借来，冇boirow...fromlend借（出）强调将东西借给别人，有lend...to1一Mybikeisbroken,canIyours,Lily?-Oh,sorry,FveittoSandy.2-HowlongmayIthisbook?-Forabouttwoweeks・8ereacharrivegetreach到达，够得着是个及物动词arrive到达不及物动词，有arrivein/atarrivein+大地点（国家、城市）arriveat+小地点（城市范围内的）get到达不及物动词，冇getto注：home,here,there前不加任何介词。1TheywillinChengdunextweek.2Howdoyoutoschooleveryday?3Usealongerstick,thenyoucantheapples.9.thankstothanksforthankto幸亏，由于thanksfor因…谢谢1yourhelp,Fveunderstandit.2thecats,micedarenotcomeandeatmyfood.10>giveingiveupgivein投降giveup放弃代词放屮间，后而可接动词・ing分词1WeshouldrftlearningEnglish!2Iwouldratherdiethanbeforemyenemies. 11>achievecometrueachieve实现（理想、愿槊、预言等）及物动词，主语一般为人cometrue实现不及物动词组一般由物（理想、愿望、预言等）作主语1Heworkssohardthatheissuretohisdream.2Hispredictionofhuman，sflyingtothemoon・12.turnoffcloseturnonopenturnoff关（电器）close关（门、窗、书等）turnon开（电器）open开（门、窗、书等）1thewindowsplease,it，ssocoldoutside.2thelightsbeforeyouleavetheroom・3Thedogtheboxandtooktheboneout!4theTV,IwanttowatchtheNBAbasketballgames.13.breakoffbreakoutbreakintobreakdownbreakoff中断关系，突然终止breakout指战争爆发breakinto非法进入或闯入breakdown坏掉，（车、船等）抛锚，中途不工作1Hewaslateforschoolyesterday,becausehiscaronthehalfway.2TheWorldWarIIwhenshewasonlyfive.3Theytheirfriendshipanddidn"ttalktoeachotheranymore・4LastnightathiefmyhouseandtookawaymyTV. 12.solvereplyanswersolve解决（问题）及物动词常与problem连用reply回复，答复不及物动词常与9连用answer回答及物动词常与question连用1WhatdidMr.Smithtowhatotherssaid?2Nooneinourclasscanthisquestion.3It，stoodifficultforeveryonetothatproblem.13.hopewishhope希槊指较为现实的想法常有hopetodo或hope+从句，但没有hopesbtodowish希望指不太现实的要求或想法冇wishtodo或wishsbtodoo也冇wish+从句，但这时的从句多用虚拟语气，及从句屮常有could或should等1一Theweathermaybefinetomorrow・-1so.2Mummetobeadoctorinthefuture・3HowIIcouldflytothemoon!14.takecostspendpaytake花费尤指花费时间，主语为物常冇ittakessbsometimetodosthcost花费指花金钱,主语为物常有costsbsomemoneyspend花费主语为人常冇spend...(in)doing或spend…onsthpay花费主语为人常有pay...for1Itoftenabout3hourstogettoschoolfrommyhome.2-Whowillforthebill?-Maybeourboss.3Thehousehim30,000dollars.4Hiscousinthewholedaymakingthetoycaryesterday・15.takepartinjointakepartin参加某项活动join参加某个组织、团体、俱乐部、军队、党团或个人 1Mr.WangtheParty5yearsago.2TheyinvitedLilythatparty.12.dowithdealwith dowith处理，应付在问句屮要与what连用dealwith处理，对付在问句中要与how连用1Howcanyouthatproblem?2Whatdoyoutheevent?12.putonweardressbeinputon穿上强调穿衣的动作，宾语为物wear穿着强调穿的状态，是一个延续性动词，宾语为物dress给…穿衣服，宾语为人bein正穿着…衣服，或表示穿着什么颜色的衣服1thewarmclothes,it，scoldoutside.2Maryisalwaysredclothes.Mayberedisherfavoritecolo匚1.Heisbluetoday.1Thelittleboycouldhimselfwhenhewasthreeyearsold.13.winlosebeatwin贏得宾语为物lose输掉宾语为物beat战胜，打败宾语为竞争对手1Ourteamhasthefootballmatch,weareallhappy.Buttheyarefrustrated,becausetheirsthematch.2TheBrazilianfootballteamus5-0inthatmatch,alltheChinesefanswereverysad.14.bemadeinbemadeofbemadefrombemadeupofbemadein在哪里制作，后而接产地bemadeof由…制成,看得出原料bemadefrom由…制成,看不出原料bemadeupof由…组成，强调由个体组成整体1Thedeskwood.2ThiskindofwatchShanghai.3Ourclass50students.4Paperbamboo. 12.havebeentohavebeeninhavegonetohavebeento曾经去过（现在在说话地），可与次数连用havebeenin在某地呆havegoneto已经去了（现在不在说话地）1TheyItalyformorethan7years,soItalyistheirsecondhome.2Thispersoncan，tbeYaoMing,forYaoMingAmerica.3-HowmanytimesyouHainan?一Only3times.英他1.across/through二者都有“通过，穿过""的意思，都是介词，但“through“与空间有关，即一个人或物体从某空间之间穿过。Lookoutthroughthewindow,please.请从窗口往外看。across也是“通过”、“跨过”，一般与位移的平面有关，即从一个平而的一头走到或越到另一头。如：注意：cross是及物动词而across是介词。1.Becarefulwhenyouwalkthestreet.2.Wehavetowalkthegatetogointothefactory.3.Ifyouwalkthesquare,youwillseethehotelthere.2・ago/beforeago只用于一般过去时，表示从现在算起的一段时间以前。［例］Hediedtwoyearsago.他是两年前去世的。before后接“时间点”，可用于任何时态；它也可放在“时间段”后，用于完成时或一般过去时。1.1neversawhim.2.1gotthere5o"clock. 1.Hehaddoneittwodays・1.already/yet(1)already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句，与完成时和进行时连用为多。用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度。如：IsitSundayalready?EZ经到星期天啦？(2)yet通常用于疑问句和否定句，在疑问句屮作“已经”解，在否定句中作“还”、“尚未"解。$11：Hashecomeyet?他还没冇来？(表疑问)1.1haven"tlearnedit.2.1havefinishedit.2.agreewith/agreeon/agreeto(1)agreewith(sb.)表示“与意见一致”。(2)agreeto(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion>plan等,“同意计划、安排⑶agreeon表示“双方就…达成一致协议”。1.1don"tagreeyou.1.ChinaandtheU.S.A,agreedtheplaceandtimeforthenextmeeting.2.Weallagreedyourplan.5・besides/except(1)besides与except用于肯定句时,except意为“除之外(不再有)”;besides意为“除之夕卜(还冇)"。试比较：(2)except前几乎总冇all、any、every>no及其复合词等词。(3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和原形动词,这时except=but；但except后跟副词、介词短语时，不能用but代替。如：1.1haveanotherbluepenthisone.2.WeallpassedtheexamTom,hewassad.3.Thewindowisneveropeninsummer. 2.Hedidnothingcleanthehouse.3.Heansweredallthequestionsthelastone・4.both/all/neither/either/none是代词，也可以作形容词，但要止确使用它们，必须区别他们所指的范围。(1)both指,俩者都”(=2),其否定应为neitheroTheybothworkinourschool.他们俩都在我们学校上班。both的位置：系动词be后，实义动词前。(2)all指“三个或三个以上都……”，否定应为noneo(3)neither指“两者都不”，经常与nor连用。⑷either指“两者选一”或“两者屮的任一个”,经常与or连用。⑸none扌肝三者以上都不”。1.Thestudentsworkhard.2.Theyareheretoday.3.Theyarestrangers.Iknownoneofthem.4.Histwobrothersareworkers・5.ofusthreewantstogothew.6.■一Whichwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?…•Idon，tcare.7.■一Whichwouldyoulike,coffeeorjuice?-一・Ijustwantsomewate匸5.can/beableto(1)can表示“本能,或能够，有一般时和过去时，后接动词原形一起构成谓语。 (1)beableto后接动词原形，表示“能够”，多指一个人经过后天的努力从而获取的一种“能力”，冇各种时态。1.1singtheEnglishsong・2.Ababywalkwhenit"soneyearold.3.Ifyouworkhard,youwillmasterEnglish.2.catchacold/haveacold一般情况下，这两个短语都表示“得了感冒，患了感冒"但冇所侧重:(1)catchacold强调动作。如：(2)haveacold强调状态。1.IVscoldoutside・Gointothehouseoryoifll・2.1haveforseveraldaysandIcan9tgetridofit・3.die/dead/dying/death(1)die是终止性动词，不用于被动语态。Hehasdieck他死了。(2)dead是形容词，表状态，可以跟表示延续的时间状语连用。(3)death是名词。⑷dying意为“要死了”，是现在分词。试比较：adeaddog一条死(了的)狗adyingdog一条“濒临死亡”的狗初中常见的die短语:diefrom/of因而死1.Hisgrandfatherhasbeenforfiveyears.2.Hefiveweeksago.3.Hewassentencedto.4.Themanisbeingsenttohospital.Theystilltrytosavehim.4.another,theother,others,theothers如:givemesomeotherapples.=givemesomeothers. Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?Putitinyourotherhand・ Ontheothersideofthetree,there9sabigtree.Hehastwosons.Oneisanurse,theotherisateacher.用another、other>theother>others、theothers填空1.Doyouhaveanyquestions?2.Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,isaworker.3.Someofuslikesinginganddancing,goinforsports.4.Therearetenboysinourroom.Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andwillstayathome.5.Heisveryclever.HemaybeEdison.6.Afewstudentsareplayingsoccerwhilearewatchingthem.7.Twoofthetenboysarestandingandaresittingroundthem&Fveboughttwopens.OnefromBeijing,fromTianjin.学到了什么?-定也有疑问吧!参考答案: 1・everydayEveryday2.alotalotof3.abitabitof4・aloudloudlyloud1.sometimesometimessometimessometime6・kindofakindof7.alonelonely8.sleepysleepingasleep9.alsotooaswelleither10.goodwellwell11.illsick12.hardhardly13.widelywide14.highhighly15.latelatestLaterlately16.nearernearly17.MostAlmost16.toomuchtoomanytoomanymuchtoo 20.fewalittlelittleafew21.interestingsurprisedexcitedboring动词1tellspeaksaidtalk2lookslookatseewatchingwatching3Listentohearsounds4hearingfromheardof5receivedaccept6looksuplookedforfindfindout7borrowlentkeep8arrivegetreach9ThanksforThanksto1()giveupgivein11achievecomestrue12CloseTurnoffopenedTurnon13brokedownbrokeoutbrokeoffbrokeinto14replyanswersolve15hopewishwish16takespaycostsspent17joinedtotakepartin18dealwithdowith19Putonwearingindress20wonlostbeat21ismadeofismadeinismadeupofismadefrom22havebeeninhasgonetohave,beento英他1.across,through,across2.before,before,ago3.yet,already4.with,on，to5.besides,except,except,except,except6.all,all,all,both,none,either,neither7.can,can,beableto8.catchacold,hadacold 9・dead,died,death,dying1().other,theother,others,theothers,another,others,theothers,theother