高二英语语法自测和讲解 45页

高二语法精粹一非谓语动词十二、非谓语动词知识要点：一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语屮，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外英他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）；现在分词（thePresentParticiple）；过去分词（thePastParticiple）。1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：Theybuiltqgarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.2）都可以被状语修饰：Thesuitfitshimverywel1.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.3）都有主动与被动，“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（谓语动词被动语态）Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（动名词的被动式）Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（谓语动词的完成时）Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语Theystartedtheworkatonce.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）WeareLeaguemembers.（谓语动词的主语）WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswe11done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句屮做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：成分非谓畜、主语表语宾语补语定语状语同位语不定式/Z/动名词Z（极少）/现在分词//过去分词/ 二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1、不定式的形式：匸劲被动一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten否定式：not+（to）do1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：I"mgladtomeetyou.Heseemstoknowalot.Weplantopayavisit.Hewantstobeanartist.Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Heseemstobe:readinginhisroom.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.1happenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.2、不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it•作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.2）作表语:Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：MarxfounditimportanttostudyIhosituationinRussia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybut:repairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，女口：Withalotofworktodo,hedidn,tgotothecinema.有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：1sawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：Hefoundagoodhouseto1ivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Whatdidyouopenitwith?如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词：Hehasnoplaceto1ive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem・如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也町用被动式：Haveyougotanythingtosent?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?B）说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.C）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirsttogethere.6）作状语：A）表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.*s/vwwrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisnceded.right:ToleatnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.B）表结果：Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：Tvisitedhimonlytofindhimout.C）表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.D）表程度：[t，stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.7）作独立成分：Totellyouthetruth,1don"tlikethewayhetalked.8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。Ifyoudon"twanttodoit,youdon"tneedto.9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，乂具有名词的句法功能。1、动名词的形式：态式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：not+动名词1）一般式:Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2）被动式:Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。 HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他帯来许多麻烦。2、动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collcctingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语吋常用it作形式主语。It"snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的。2）作表语:Intheantcity,thequeen"sjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3）作宾语：TheyhavenJtfinishedbuildingthedom.他们还没有建好大坝。Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it,例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免），excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can"tstand,can"thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…（from）,keep…from,stop…（from）,protect*e>from,setabout,beengagedin,spend***（in）,succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike4）作定语：Hecan，twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool.你们学校有游泳池吗？5）作同位语：Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged・他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1、现在分词的形式：现在及物动词write不及物动词go分词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式writingbeingwrittengoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavinggone否定式：not+现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同吋发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作业，他开始打兰球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好儿遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2、现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语吋，放在所修饰的名词前，如杲是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor"sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed,themanspeaking可改为themanwhoisspeaking.2）现在分词作表语：Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+doing既可能表示现在进行吋，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如：Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：（While）Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语：BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers,rfl于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C）作方式状语，表示伴随：Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条件状语：（If）Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就会浪 费宝贵的吋间。R）作结果状语：Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F）作目的状语：Hewontswimmingtheotherday.几天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语：Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴ToH）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfel1onmyhead.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we"11doanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with（without）+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。H）作独立成分：Judgingfrom（by）hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1、过去分词作定语：OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2、过去分词作表语：Thewindowisbroken.窗户破了。Thewerefrightenedatthesadsight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:Thewindowisbroken.（系表）Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiledwater（开水）fallenleaves（落叶）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的货）therisensun（升起的太阳）thechangedworld（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。 3、过去分词作宾语补足语：Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4、过去分词作状语：Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Givenmoretime,I"11beabletodoitbetter.如果给7•更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）□liedwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Allbooksreturnedattheendoftheterm,the1ibraryassistantwassatisfled.所有的书期末吋都还了，图书管理员很高兴。Thefieldploughed,hebegantospreadseed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。非谓语动词用法丽E知识要点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：Collectinginformationaboutchildren"shealthishisjob.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It"snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperieneedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）It"sdifficult（important,necessary）forsb.todo（2）It"skind（good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave）ofsb.todo.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It"snogood（use,fun）doing.It"s（a）wasteoftimeone,sdoing.It"sworthwhiledoing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents"speakingability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。 2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。Thetaskofthisclassispractisingtheidioms.（现在分词做表语）Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms.（现在进行吋）4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。Thejokeisamusing.这笑话很逗人。Theproblemispuzz1ing.这个问题令人不解。5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。Thevi1lageissurroundedbyhighmountains.（过去分词做表语）TheenemywassurroundedbytheRedArmy.（被动语态）Heiswelleducated.（过去分词做表语）Hehasbeeneducatedinthiscollegeforthreeyears.（被动语态）常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊）,frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋）,t迁e（使…疲劳）,please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞）,worry（使…忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：Climbingistiring.爬山很累人。Theyareverytired.他们很疲劳Afterhearingtheexcitingnews,hegaveaspeechinanexcitedvoice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语：1>下列动词跟不定式做宾语:want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can,tstand, can?thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…（from）,keep*••from,stop…（from）,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend***（in）,succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston等。3、在forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词Z前，常用—般式doing代替完成式havingdone.Heforgottotellmetoposttheletter.（他忘了叫我发信。）Ishallneverforgetfindingthatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。Remembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里，记得给我们写信。Idon,tremembermeetinghim.我不记得见过他。IregrettotellyouthatTcan"tgotoyourbirth-dayparty.我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。Theyregrettedagreeingtotheplan.他们后悔同意这个计划。Hetriedtopretendtoshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.他尽力假装与朋友分亨欢乐。Shetriedreadinganovel,butthatcouldn"tmakeherforgethersorrow.女也试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。Idicin"tmeantohurtyou.我没有企图伤害你。Afriendindeedmeanshelpingothersfornothinginreturn.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.（或用：needstoberepaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。Thepointwantsreferringto.这一点要提至!J。ThisEnglishnovelisworthreading.这本英文小说值得一读。ThesituationinRussianrequiredstudying.俄国形式需要研究。四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语:ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,cncourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbidThedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to"的不定式，这些动词有:see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have等。例如：Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我们留意到他进了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板让他们一天干12小时工作。 注意当make,have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解吋，跟带有to的不定式做状语。Mothermadeacaketocelebratehisbirthday.妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。Hehadameetingtoattend.他有个会要开。3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.当我们进来的时候,听见他正唱那首歌。Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。五、非谓语动词做定语：1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词Z后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：Hehadnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Ourmonitoristhefirsttoarrive.我们班长是第一个到的。2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖（动名词做定语，意为astickforwalking）asleepingcar卧铺车厢（动名词做定语,意为acarforsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语,意为thesunwhichwasrising）thechangingworld变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为theworldwhichischanging）3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：apieceofdisappointingnews使人失望的消息（意同apieceofnewswhichdisappointedus）inthefollowingyears在后來的几年中（意同intheyearsthatfollowed）awelldressedwoman衣着讲究的女士（意同awomanwhoisdressedwell）acarparkedatthegate停在门口的小汽车（意同acarwhichwasparkedatthegate）六、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他匆忙赶到家屮，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。（原因状语）2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seenfromthetopoftheh订1,thetownisbeautiful.从山上看，这座城市很美。 （条件状语）Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气To（时间状语）Beingtired,theywentonworking.虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起來挺高兴。（伴随状语）【专项训练】：1>Theyknewherverywel1・Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow2、Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob・A・sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto3、Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockbythesideofthepath・A.tohaverestedB・restingC.torestD.rest4、5、6、ThenextmorningshefoundthemanA.]yingB.lieC.JayOnlyoneofthesebooksis.A.D.TheA.inbed,dead.D.laying7、8、9、10、11、worthtoreadworthreadingsquirrelwasluckycatchingB.toB•worthbeingreadC•worthofreadingthatitjustbecaughtC.tothemissed.beingcaughtD.tocatchpartywerefamousscientists.C.beinginvitedMostofthepeopleA.invitedB.toinviteShedidn,trememberhimbefore・A.havingmetB.havemetC.tomeetGoodmorning.CanIhelpyou?1"dliketohavethispackage,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighTherewasaterriblenoisethesuddenburstA.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedThemurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsA-beingtiedB-havingtiedC-tobetiedD.invitingD.tohavingmetD.weighedoflight.D.beingfollowedbehind.D.tied12、OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs・Greenwonttothemarket,somebananasandvisitedhercousin.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy13、Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthe president. 14、15、Johnwasmade16、17、18、19.20、onC.preparedD.waspreparingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.C.sailingD.tohavesailedtruckforaweekasapunishment.C.washD.tobewashingbackthisafternoon.callingD.you"recal1ingkeephiseyes•D.openingA.toprepareB.preparingIcanhardlyimaginePeter_A・sailB.tosailtheA.towashB.washingIwouldappreciateA.youtocal1B.youcallC.yourJohnwassosleepythathecouldhardlyA-openB.tobeopenedC.toopenareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotD.HavingnotreceivedCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredA-tohaveinventedB-inventinginvented"Catyouread?Marysaid_A.angrilypointingB.angrilypointing21、Ratherthan_bicycle.A.ride,rideC.Nothavingreceivedthefirstcomputer.havingC-toinventD•tothenotice.D•andandpointangrilyC.angrilypointedacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersB.neartheC.playsatisfactionriver.D.toplaywiththetalks,C.addingteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageriding,rideC.ride,torideD・toride,riding22、ThemissingboyswerelastseenA・playingB.tobeplaying23、ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhisthathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.D・addedA.havingaddedB.toadd24nThefirsttextbookscameoutinthe16thcentury.B.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenA.D.WeA. forhavingwrittenwrittenagreedherebuthavingmetB.meeting-Youwerebraveenoughto-Well,nowIA.todoThepatientwasA.toeatnotinA.Lostingsofarshehasn"C.tomeetraiseobjectionsthat.tturnedupyet.D.tohavemetatthemeeting.25、26.27、regretA.tobedoingC.tohavedonewarnedoilyfoodafterB.eatingnotC.nottoeatthought,healmostranintothecarD.havingdonetheoperation.D・noteatinginfrontofhim.ToloseB.HavinglostC.LostD. Isthisraincoatyours?No,mineA・ishangingB.30、TheOlympicGaines,1912.A.firstplayingplayingWesawtheA.29、3Kbird32、A.flyinsistedreferstothat33、therebehindthedoor.hashungC.hangsin776B・C.,didnotD.hungincludewomenplayersuntilB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstflapitswingsandB.fliedC.flewD.flyingthedictionarytobeboughtatonce.B.referC.referredicewillbechangedintowater.B.HeatedC.Ifheatingseemedhisway.B.tohavemisseC.aloneathome.B.staymustaway.D.referringA・HeatingTheforeignerA.tobelosingDon"tleavemeA.tostayB.stayC.stayingWhatevermustwe1].A-istobedone,bedoneB.aretodo,dotobedone,do37>Theofficerorderedthewoundedsoldier34、35、36.A.tooperate38、WiththewallsA.paintingpainted39、40、A.OnA.D.TobeheatedtoC.havelostD.missedD.stayedistodo---bedoneD.areatonce.B.beoperatedC.wasoperatedonD.tobewhite,theB-paintedC.toroomseemslarger,bepaintedoperatedonhasbeen41、-CanIhelp一I，dliketohavetheshoeschanginghearingthefrightencdtheyou?,fortheyC.tobechangingstoodthereC.tofrightenareD.42.43、A.MissedThereA.AtisoftheA.prosent,town.builtB.changednews,thewomanB.frighteningtrain，theydecidedtowaitforanother.B.abitbechangedsmaller.D.tobefrightenodnoB.thereB.MissingC.HavingmissedD.Beingmissedbus,Ihadtowalkhome.wasC.isanowairportwereD・beingandsupermarketinthesouthtobebuiltC.44*TheyoungmantoldthedoctorthatbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilthedidn"tneedhisheart A.having,checkedB.tohave,checkedC.having,tocheckD.tohave,tocheck45、Trythebackdoorifnobodyanswersthefrontdoor-A.toknockatB.knockingatC.andknockatDknockingatand46、Wehavetodosomethingtostopwildanimals・A.killingB.tobekilledC.beingkilledD.tokill47、,weplantoholdaclassmeeting.A-TimepermittingB.TimepermitsC.IftimeispermittedD.Timepermitted48、Withtheboytheway,thesoldiersgottothepositionintime.49、50、A.ledTheEmperorA.toweaveLookathisB.leadingC.beingorderedthewonderfulcloth51、52、53、54.55、56、57、A.frightened,frighteningC.frightened,frightened,theplayersbeganA.HavingtakcnourseatsC.Afterwetookourseatshimbefore,sheA・NothavingseenC-Notseeingmanytimes,butA.HavingbeentoldC.HehadbeentoldTheglassofwateristoohot.A.boiledB.boilingThelittleboyenteredtheA.noticingB.noticedreconsideringpractisingspeakingtopractisespeakingthemixture,theA.ToseeC.FormorestudentstoseeIapologizeforWeA.c.D.wasleadingforhimwithoutdelay.B.tobewovenC.tohavewovenlook・ItseemsasifhehadmetB.frightening,D.frightening,thegame.B.TakingourseatsD.Beingtakentheseatsdidn"tknowhewasheruncle.B.HavingnotseenD.Notbeingseenmadethesamemistakeagain.B.AlthoughhehadbeentoldD.HavingtoldIprefersomecoldwater.C.toboilD.havingboiledclassroomwithout・C.beingnoticedD.notice_Englishinpairsafterclass.B.practisingtospeakD.topractisetospeakteachershoweditaroundtheclassroom・B.MorestudentstoseeD.SeenledD.tobeweavingatiger.frightenedfrighteninghemypromise.A.nottokeepB.beingkeptC.nothavingkeptD.havingnotkept 59、Thebookonthedesktoher.lying,belonginglying,belongs,MaryhadA.BeingillB.motherbeingill60、A.C.toTostayatbeillB.lay,belongD.beinglie,isbelonghometolookafterher.C.HermotherwasillD.Her61muchEnglishtroubledhimalot.A.IlisnotknowingB.NotheknowingC-HishavingnotknownD-Hisnotknown62、Hewon"tattendthemeetingunlesstogiveaspeech.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD•hewillbeinvited63、Hegotthefirstandwontheprizeas•A.expectedB.expectingc.tobeexpectedD.expect64、Hestoodtherewithhiseyesme.A.fixingB.fixingonC.fixedtoD.fixedon65nMotherwarnedhimafterdrinking.A.toneverdriveB.nevertodriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive68Becauseofairpollution,thisA.agoodplacetoliveinC.agoodplaceto1ivecityisnoIonger・B.agoodplaceforlivinginD.agoodplacetobe1ivedin69、Lettheday•A.toberememberedB.rememberedC.berememberedD.remember70、71、Hisparents,theorphanisA.deadB・dyingC.haveWouldyoubeA.HeA.nowtakencarediedD.ofbythevi1lagers,havingdied74.todomeafavour?asgoodasB.sogoodashadusallthroughlaughingThenurseA.tositB.tolaughsuggestedtheolddownThosewhohaveA.askedmanB.sitdownquestionsB.askC.enoughgoodtheparty.C.laughD.goodenoughasD.laughed,forhehadalongtimetowait.C.wouldsitdownD.satdown,raiseyourhands.C.askingD.toask 66>IrememberA.thathesaysomethinglikethat.B.himtosayc.hissayingD.himhavingsaid67*Didyousmellsomething9■A-burntB.toburnc.tobeburningD.burning 75>Thisroomisusedfood.c.tostoringD・storedA.tostoreB.storing76、Wecan"tkeepoureyestoallthis.A.shutB.shuttingc.toshutD.shutted77、Idon,tfeelliketothecincma・A.g（）B.goingc.goneD.togo78、youthetruth,Tdon"tlikethedesignheoffered.A.TellB.ToldC.TellingD.Totell79、atthestation,theyfoundthetrain■A.Arriving,goingB.Arrived,goC.Arriving,goneD.Arrived,gone80、WhathesaidmadeusA.tosurpriseB.surprisec.surprisingD.surprise-d［答案］:1、A2、B3、C4、,A5、D6、iC7、A8、A9、D10、B11、D12、A13、B14、C15、A16、C17、A18、C19、A20、A21、C22、A23、C24、D25、C26、D27、C28、C29、A30、C31、A32、C33、B34、035、036、A37、D38、B39、B40、A41、C42、D43、C44、B45、B46、C47、A48、B49、B50、A51、C52、A53、C54、A55、C56、A57、C58、C59、C60、D61、A62、A63、A64、D65、B66、C67、D68、A69、C70、D71、B72、A73、B74、D75、A76、A77、B78、079、c80、D高一英语必修3Unit2教材优化全析［教材优化全析］Rending:ComeandEatHere(I)1.WangPengweisdtinhisemptyrestaurantfeelingveryfrustrated.王鹏伟坐在他空荡荡的餐馆里，感觉很失落。feeling现在分词，作伴随状语。e.g.Standingonthetopofthehill,youcanhaveabetterviewofthecity.站在山顶上，你能更好地看到这个城市.全析提示现在分词作伴随状语要和句子主语保持一致，体现主动关系。而过去分词和主语是被动关系。如:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.从山顶看下去，这个城市越发美丽了。 思维拓展单个过去分词作定语，一般前置,如：afallentree—棵倒了的树ausedbook一本用过的书思维拓展tasteforn.爱好，嗜好Shehasatasteforforeigntravel.她有到国外旅行的爱好。tastyadj.美味的tastydish好吃的菜全析提示see的常见短语：seeabout注意；安排seesb.off为某人送行seeout熬过；度过seeover检查seethrough识破，看穿(借口、谎言)seeto注意，留意；关照思维拓展seem的否定用法：e.g.Heseemsnottobeathome.Hedoesn"tseemtobeathome.他好像不在家。用作系动词，后接形容词/名词作Jeffshouted,seizingherarm.杰夫抓住她的胳膊，喊叫着。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseethewholecity.从山顶上我们可以看到整个城市.2.Hothoughtofhismuttonkebabsandfattyporkcookedinthehottest,finestoil.他想到了他的在热的最好的油里炸出來的烤羊肉和肥肉。cooked过去分词短语，作后置定语(被动)。e.g.1knowagirlcalledMary.我认识一个叫玛丽的女孩。Englishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld.英语是全世界都说的一种语言。3.Hisfriedricewashotbutdidnottasteoffat.他的热而不腻的米饭。tasteofsth.有某种味道e.g.Ittastesstronglyofmint.它有挺重的薄荷味。taste能辨别(味道)；尝出，品出。(不用于进行时，常与can连用)e.g.Ican"ttaste.I"vegotacold.我得了感冒，尝不出味来。Canyoutastethegarlicinthissoup?你尝得出汤里有大蒜味吗？taste可用作连系动词，后接形容词作表语。Thewinetastesnice.酒的味道不错。4.SuddenlyhesawhisfriendLiMaochanghurryingby.突然他看到他的朋友李茂昌匆忙走过。seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事(看到整个过程)e.g.1sawathiefstealingsomethinginthestore.我看到一个贼正在店里偷东西。Isawathiefstealsomethingfromthestore.我看到一个贼从商店里偷了东西。5.ButMaochangseemednottohear.但是茂昌好像没有听到。(1)seem(not)todo看上去好像e.g.Theyseemtoknowwhattheyaredoing.他们好像明白他们做的事情。(2)seem(tosb.)(tobe)sth.似乎，好像，仿佛e.g.Itseems(tome)(tobe)thebestsolution. 表语：Sheseemshappy.她看上去很高兴。类似的词还有：become,turn,get,sound,smell,taste等。思维拓展must是对现在情况进行推测。Youmustbehungryafteryourlongwalk.走了这么长的路你一定饿了。Shemustbehavingalotofproblemswiththelanguage・她在语言上一定有很多用难。思维拓展as.•.as和一样e>g.Heisastallashisfather.asif;asthough似乎，好像e.g・Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他好像若无其事的样子。思维拓展数词+名词+ed二复合形容词a3-leggedchair—把3条腿的椅子amiddle-agedlady一，个中年妇女数词+名词+形容词二复合形容词a3-year-oldgirl一个3岁的女孩思维拓展(依我看)这似乎是最好的解决办法。(1)seemlike看上去好像e.g.Itseemedlikeadisasteratthetime.在当时那就像是一场灾难。(2)Itseems/seemedthat...看上去e.g.Itseemsthatsheisright.看上去好像她是对的。(3)Itseems/seemedasif/though...看样子/似乎/好像e.g.Italwaysseemedasthoughtheywouldmarryintheend.看起来他们终归得结婚。5.SomethingterriblemusthavehappenedifMaochangwasnotcomingtoeatwithhimashealwaysdid.如果茂昌没有像平时那样和他一起吃饭，那么一定发生了一些糟糕的事情。(1)somethingterrible形容词修饰不定代词(something,anything,nothing,everything等)要后置。e.g.Thereissomethinginterestingonthefrontpage.头版上有些有意思的消息。(2)musthavehappened对过去发生事情的肯定推测e.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.昨天晚上一定下雨了。Wemusthavereadthesamereport.咱们看的一定是同一份报道。(3)ashealwaysdidas连词,引导方式状语。e.g.Whydidn,tyoucatchthelastbusas1toldyouto?你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班车呢？Leavethetableasitis.(Donotdisturbthethingsonit.)那桌子就那样吧。(不要动上面的东西。)6.PengweifollowedLiMaochangintoanewly-openedsmallrestaurantattheendofthestreet.鹏伟跟着李茂吕进了街尽头的一家新开的小饭店。newly-opened构词法：副词加过去分词构成复合形容词e.g.newly-published新出版的widely-used广泛使用的deeply-set根深蒂固的awidely-usedlanguage一门广泛使用的语言7.Tiredofallthatfat?肥腻的东西吃厌了吧？betiredofsb./sth./doingsth. tired疲倦的Heistired.他累了。tiring令人疲倦的atiringjob一份令人疲倦的丁作。思维拓展driveway私人车道driving-test驾照考试全析提示befilledwith充满（强调动作）e.g.Thecupisfilledwithwater.杯子里装满了水。思维拓展takeover接管takeup占据e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿ToHertimeisfullytakenupbywriting.她的时间大都用于写作了。take-away外买的思维拓展amaze的习惯用语：beamazedat（by）...对大为惊奇beamazedtosee看到感到吃惊beamazedtohear听到感到吃惊beamazedtofind发现感到吃惊思维拓展wondern.令人感到惊奇的事物e.g.sevenwondersoftheworld对某人/某事/做某事不耐烦或感到厌倦e.g.I"mtiredof（listeningto）yourcriticism.我听腻了你的批评。5.CuriositydroveWangPengweiinside.好奇心驱使王鹏伟进去了。drive:forcesb.toact迫使某人行动e.g.Theurgetosurvivedrovethemon.求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力。driveacar开车drivesb.mad/crazy/outofmind使某人发疯，失去理智6.Itwasfullofpeople.里面挤满了人。befullof充满（强调状态）e.g.Thecupisfullofwater.杯子里的水满了。7.Iwi11takeal1thatfatoffyouintwoweeksifyoueathereeveryday.如果你每天在这里吃饭的话，我会使你在两周之内减掉你的脂肪。takesth.off切除身体的一部分e.g.Hisleghadtobetakenoffabovehisknee。他的一条腿从膝盖以上被截去了。takeoff起飞，除掉，脱掉e.g.Theplanetookoffdespitethefog.尽管有雾，飞机仍然照常起飞。takeoffone,scoat脱掉某人的外衣8.WangPengweiwasamazedatthisandespeciallyattheprices.王鹏伟感到很吃惊，尤其是饭菜的价格。beamazedat...对感到吃惊e.g.Wewereamazedatthenews.听到这个消息我们很吃惊。amazev.使某人惊讶、惊奇（多用于被动）e.g.Heamazedeveryonebypassinghisdrivingtest.他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇。9.Hewonderedifheshouldgotothe1ibrarytofinditout.他想他是否应该去图书馆查清楚。wonderv,自问，常接疑问词e.g.Iwonderwhoheis.我不知道他究竟是谁。1wonderwhethertheywillarriveontime. 世界七大奇观Tt"sawonderthat…令人惊奇的是……It"sawonderthathecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses.令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌！思维拓展makesb.do/getsb.todo让某人做某事e.g・Hegothissistertohelphim.他让他的姐姐帮他。Theymademerepeatthestoryagain.他们又让我重复了一遍故事。全析提示nearly和almost都有"儿乎”的意思，但是它们在用法上有些区别。almost经常和no,none,nothing或者never等否定词连用,nearly则不能。e.g.Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworthlisteningto.那个发言者说的话几乎没有一句是值得听的。要点提炼beableto和can在用法和意义上近似，但C3F1只有一般现在时和过去时两种形式；要想表示将来和完成,只能用beableto来表示。beableto有各种时态。我不知道他们能不能進吋到达。wonderatsth.感到惊奇，惊叹e.g.Wewonderedatthespeed.我们赞叹其速度。wonderaboutsth.对某事感到好奇e.g・Iwasjustwonderingaboutthatmyself.我就是觉得这件事莫名其妙。5.liecouldn"thaveYongHuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies.他不能够让永辉说谎却得过且过。havesb.doing让某人持续做某事e.g.I，msorryforhavingyouwaitingforsolongtime・很抱歉让你等了这么久。havesb.do让某人做某事c・g・Theteachershaveusleavetodothehomework・老师让我们留下来做作业。getaway受到(较轻的处罚)e.g.Forsuchaseriousoffenee,hewasluckytogetawaywithafine.他犯了那么严重的过失，却侥幸只交了罚款了事.Reading:ComeandEatHere(II)1.ThenextdayWangPengwei"srestaurantwasnearlyful1andhefelthappier.次日，王鹏伟的饭馆儿乎坐满了人，他高兴多了。nearlyadv.=almost儿乎，将近e・g・Itisnearlyoneo"clock・将近一点钟了。Itisnearlytimetostart.差不多是开始的时间了。Iamncarlyready.我差不多准备好了。2.Perhapshewouldbeabletoearnhislivingafteral1andnothavetoclosehisrestaurant.也许，他终究还是能够谋生，而不必关掉饭馆。(l)beabletodo(情态动词)有能力、办法或机会做某事；能e・g・Willyoubeabletocome?你能來吗？YouarebetterabletodoitthanIam.你比我更有能力胜任此事。 beableto还表示经历各种困难之后能够做成某事。思维拓展earnone"sliving还可以写成earnaliving或者liveone"s/alivingo思维拓展afterall还有“虽然，尽管”的意思。e.g.Afteral1mycare,itwasbroken.虽然我己尽量小心，还是把它打碎了。全析提示shut表示“关紧，插住”（侧重于结果）turnoff关闭（灯，水管，电等）e.g.Heshutthedoorandlockedit.它关上门并把它锁上了。Pleaseturnoffthelight.请关上灯。思维拓展outofdebt偿清债务indebttosb.欠某人的债;受某人的恩惠思维拓展常用的短语有：bepopularwith受欢迎popmusic流行音乐popstar流行歌手，歌星Tomisabletoswim.汤姆会游泳。(2)earnone"sliving谋生e.g.Whenhewasyoung,heearnedhislivingbysellingsalt.当他年轻的时候，靠卖盐为生。Itisanhonortoearnone"slivingwithone"sownhands.靠自己的双手谋生是光荣的。(3)afterall毕竟，终究e.g.Don"tscoldhim;heisalittlechildafterall.别责怪他了，他毕竟还是个孩子。Hefailedafterall,thoughhetriedallhisbest.尽管他尽力了，但他终究还是失败了。(4)closek关闭(强调动作)，结束(演说等)Tomclosedthedoorsoftlybehindhim.汤姆轻轻地把身后的门关上。Afterawhile,heclosedtheinterview.过了一会儿，他结束了采访。1.Hedidnotlookforwardtobeingindebtbecausehisrestaurantwasnolongerpopular.他不想因为他的餐馆不再受欢迎而欠债。(l)debtn.债；欠债。e・g・Hewasindebtandhespent10yearspayingbackit.他欠债了并且花了10年的时间还清债务。(2)popularadj.流行的；普及的；受欢迎的；有名的e・g・Thatsongwaspopularintheolddays.那首歌在古代很受欢迎。Heisamanwhoispopularwithhisneighbors.他是一个受邻居欢迎的人。2.Shedidnotlookhappybutglaredathimasshemovedroundthecustomers.当她绕着客人转吋，她看起来不高兴，而是盯着他。(1)not...but...不是而是e.g.Atthenews,hedidnotlaughbutcry.一听到这个消息，他不是大笑而是哭了起来。 全析提示not...but...连接句子的并列成分；在连接主语时，句子的主语要用就近一致原则。思维拓展lookat看glanceat瞥了一眼glareat怒目而视要点提炼在分析句子时要能够善于把握说话者想要表达的意思和使用的动词时态。表示在说话时间以前发生的事情，要用过去时态。思维拓展find+宾语+/?./pron./adj./v.一ing/v.-ed/clause/prep,(clause)find表示“发现，找到”的结果;findout表示通过打听，询问，研究等“发现或者找到某事情的结果”。思维拓展onlytodo还可表示没预想到的结果。e.g.Heenteredhisroomtofinditbrokeninto.他进屋后发现房屋被盗了。思维拓展spy还可以用作名词，意思是“间NotJohnbutIamgoingtothemeeting.不是约翰而是我要去参加会议。MybrotherdidnotlearnEnglishbutJapanese.我哥哥没有学英语而是学了日语。(1)glareat盯着，瞪着看e.g.Itisnotgoodmannetstoglareatastranger.盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。1."IthoughtyouwereanewcustomerandnowIfindyoucameonlytospyonmeandmymenu,"sheshouted.“我原以为你是一个新顾客，现在我发现你只是来窥探我和我的菜单。”她大喊着说。(1)thought...原以为e.g.IthoughtyouwereintheUSA,andIdidnotknowyouwerehere,too.我原以为你在美国，我不知道你也在这里。Tneverthoughtyouwouldbringmesuchawonderfulgift.Thanksalot!我根本没想到你会给我带来这么美好的一份礼物。非常感谢！(2)findv.发现；找到e.g.Tfindthatheisanhonestman.我发现他是一个诚实的人。Wefindhimhonestandweliketobewithhim.我们发现他很诚实，于是我们愿意和他在一起。IfindEnglishveryinterestingtolearn.我发现学英语很有意思。(3)onlytodo表示目的；此处，only用来加强语气，相当于just。e.g.Igotupearlyonlytocatchthefirstbus.我起这么早就是为了赶上第一班车。HecamehereonlytoenjoytheChinesefood.他來这里就是为了品尝中餐。(4)spyon侦察；窥探e.g.spyontheenemyJsmovements侦察敌方行动spyonone"ssecret窥探某人的秘密2.Tdon"twanttoupsetyou,butTfoundyourmenuso1imitedthatIstoppedworryingandstartedadvertisingthebenefitsofmy 谍”。知识链结upset还有名词词性，表示"‘打扰，不安”。e.g.haveastomachupset胃不舒服思维拓展so...that...和such...that...两者表达的意思基本相同，只是词序或搭配不同。such所修饰的主要是名词，该名词前可以有形容词修饰；或such自身作代词；SO是用来修饰形容词、副词或相当于形容词或副词的词思维拓展Stop用作“停止”的意思时后面可以跟动词的不定式形式也可以跟动词的-ing形式。stopdoing表示停止正在做的事情；stoptodo表示停下原来做的事情开始做另外一件事情。思维拓展start和begin在多数情况下可互换使用而没有区别，但在一般情况下，特别是在非正式英语中,用start似乎更自然些。在表示开业、出发或发动机器时，只能用starto另外，一般情况下，start和begin后面接不定式或动词-ing形式均可。但当start和begin用于进行时的时候,或者它们后面的动词是指心理或精神活动性质时，如understand,know,see,think等，或者当它food・我不想让你不高兴，但是我发现你的菜单太有限了以至于我开始登广告宣传我的食物的益处了。(1)upsetv.扰乱；使不安；打翻e.g.Don"tupsettheboat.不要把船弄翻了。(2)so...that...女口此，以至于e.g.Itissocoldtodaythattheydon"twanttogooutforplay.今天太冷了以至于他们不想出去玩。MrYangissogoodateacherthatthestudentsalllikehim.杨老师是这么好的一个老师以至于学生们都很喜欢他。Therearesomanypeopleinthestreetthatthebusisgoingsiowly.大街上人太多了以至于汽车行驶地缓慢。(3)stop停止；(使)停下来；阻止e.g.Whenheheardsomeonecalledhisname,hestoppedtohavealook.当他听到有人叫他的名字时，他停下來看了看。Hestoppedacarandgotintoitquickly.他拦下一辆车并快速上了车。Whentheysawtheirteacherenteredtheclassroom,theystoppedtaiking.当他们看见老师进了教室就不说话了。Afterwewalkedawholeday,westoppedtofindaplacetoputupourtenttohavearest.我们走了一整天之后找了一个地方把帐篷搭起来休息。(4)startvt.&vi.开始；产生；出发；启程；使开始e.g.Itstartedrainingwhenwegothome.我们到家的时候开始下雨了。Thisnewsstartedmethinking.这消息引起了我的思索。Atlast,thebusstarted.公共汽车终于启程了。Arichunclestartedhiminbusiness.一位有钱的叔父帮助他创办事业。Whendidyoustartlearning(tolearn)English?你什么时候开始学英语的？Astimewenton,hestartedtoseetheimportanceofstudy.随着时间的流逝，他开始明白学习的重要性。 们的主语是事物而不是人或天气时，后面一般接不定式，而不接动词-ing形式。思维拓展try还可以作名词用，表示“尝试”。如：haveatry试试vt.努力tryone"sbest尽某人最大的努力Iamstartingtopreparefortheexam・我开始为考试作准备。1.Whydon"tyousitdownandtryameal?为什么不坐下来尝尝这些饭呢？try(v.)品尝，尝试。e.g.Trythefish,please!请品尝鱼。Tryitagain!再试一遍。2.Yonghuiagreedtostayandsoontheywereenjoyingthedumplings...永辉同意留下来，很快他们就品尝起了饺子……思维拓展agree的其他短语：agreethat从句agreeto十/?.同意某事，如：计划，建议，安排，办法等。agreewithsb./what-clause（#物，天气等）适合某人思维拓展此处sick不可以换成订1,表示感觉难受，不舒服。agreev.同意，赞同e.g.Heagreedtosendmesomebooksoncomputer.他同意送我几本关于电脑的书。TagreedtohelphimwithEnglishsoon.我同意很快帮他学习英语。3.Ifeelsickwithallthisfatand...我感觉这些肥肉很难受……feelsickwith难受，想呕吐e.g.Shefeelssickwhensheeatsfat.她吃肥肉时想吐。4.WangPengweiwasjustenjoyingasecondplateofdumplings...思维拓展序数词前不表示特指时，可以使用不定冠词a/an;在表示特指时要使用定冠词theoe.g.Areyougoingtolearnasecondlanguageinthethirdgrade?你在三年级要学另外一门外语吗？思维拓展还有其他类似的短语结构：getburnt晒黑王鹏伟正要吃另一盘饺子……此句中的不定冠词a放在序数词前面表示的意思是“又一个；再一个”。e.g.Thebossaskedathirdonewhoseturnitistobeondutytonight.老板又问了一个人今天晚上谁值班。ItisawonderfulplayandIwanttoseeitasecondtime.这么好的一部戏，我想再看一次。5.Butdon"tyougettiredquickly?然而你不会很快就厌烦了吗？此句中get为连系动词，后面使用tired作表语，tired是过去分词当形容词用。 getpaid得到报酬getdrunk喝醉酒getprepared作准备全析提示英语结构中强调谓语动词时使用do的形式；强调除了谓语动词之外的其他句子成分时使用句型：Itis/was...that...把被强调的部分放在that前面。知识链接能够修饰形容词或副词的比较级的词或短语还有：much,rather,sti11,even,far,a1ittle,byfar等。还有一些和abit相关的短语，如：abitof+不可数名词,表示“一点儿”。notabit二notatall—点也不,毫不知识链接用neither...nor...的时候注意：如果连接的是并列主语，句子的谓语要使用就近一致原则。另夕卜，either...or.../not...but.../notonly...butalso…/Therebe句型等也用就近一致原则。思维拓展offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.（主动）提供offertodosth.（主动）提出做某事givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.（无偿地）给e・g・Afterwalkingalongway,wegottiredsoon.走了一段长路之后，我们很快累了。Whenhewasill,hegottiredeasily.在他生病期间，他很容易劳累。1.Idohavetorestalot.我一定要多休息。do在这里起强调谓语动词的作用。e.g.Idolikemusic.我确实喜欢音乐。Wedidgotomeethimyesterday,buthehadgonewhenwegotthere.我们昨天确实去接他了，但是我们到那里的时候他已经走了。Jackdoeslikepets,soheraisesmanylittleanimals.杰克太喜欢宠物了，所以他养了好多小动物。2.Butdon"tyouthinkitwouldbebetterifyouwereabitthinner?可是你不认为如果你再瘦一点的话会更好吗？abit表示“一点儿，一些”，此处用來修饰比较级。e.g.Afterhedidmuchpractice,hisspokenEnglishisabitbetter.在做了大量练习Z后，他的口语好多了。Today,itisabitcolderthanyesterday.You"dbetterwearmore.今天比昨天冷点。你最好多穿点。3.Myresearchhasshownmethatneitheryourrestaurantnormineoffersabalanceddiet.调查表明你的餐馆和我的餐馆都没有提供一种合理的食物。(1)neither...nor...既不也不。用来连接句子的并列成分。e.g.NeitherXiaolinorhisbrother1ikestostayathomeatweekend.小李和他哥哥在周末都不愿意呆在家里。Myfatherlikesneithermajiangnorsmoke.我父亲既不喜欢打麻将也不喜欢吸烟。Neitherourteachernorwestudents1ikethefoodintheschooldinningroom.老师和学生都不喜欢学校食堂的饭菜。(2)offerv.提供；供给。 supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.供给providesb.withsth.二providesth.forsb.提供,供给（供应动作发生）要点提炼在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这个结构中，后面的补足语成分可以是动词的现在分词、过去分词、介词、介词短语、形容词，或者是动词不定式。如果后面的动词是由with的宾语主动发出的动作，就用动词的现在分词；如果后面的动词和with宾语是被动关系，则用动词的过去分词。e.g.withtheboycrying,boy主动发出cry这一动作，所以用crying作宾语补足语；withhishandscrossed,hands是被交叉在一起，所以用crossed这一过去分词作宾语补足语。在表示将要做时用不定式。withmanythingstobedone说明好多事情没有做，将要去做。知识链接woulddosth.ratherthandosth.二wouldratherdosth.thandosth.orrather更确切地说Hecamebackverylatelastnight,orratherintheearlyhours.昨晚他回来得太晚了，更确切地说是在凌晨时分冋來的。e・g・IhavebeenofferedajobinBeijing・我己经在北京找到了一份工作。Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.他要借给我儿本书。1offered5000yuanforthecomputer,butthebossrefused.那台电脑我出价5000元，老板不答应。Heofferedtohelpme.他主动提出要帮助我。1.Perhapsweoughttocombineourmenusandprovideabalancedmenuwithfoodfullofenergyandfibre.也许我们应该把我们的菜单联合起来供应富含能量和纤维素的合理事物。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一复合结构在句子中作定语或者状语；作状语是表示伴随情况或者原因。(1)作状语e・g.Thebeggarbeggedfromdoortodoor,withalotofchildrcnfollowingbehind・那个乞丐挨户乞讨，后面跟着一群孩子。Thethiefwasbroughttothefrontwithhishandstiedbehind.那个小偷的手被绑在后面，被带到前面。Theywalkedtotheirfieldswithhoesontheirshoulders・他们扛着锄头往地里走。Withhishomeworkdone,theboyranoutforaswim・做完作业后，那孩子跑出去游泳了。Youshouldreadwiththeradiooff.在看书的时候应该把收音机关掉。WithLiPingtohelpus,I"msurewecanfinishourtask.有李平來帮助我们，我敢肯定我们一定能提前完成任务。(2)作定语e.g.Myauntlivesintheroomwiththewindowsfacingsouth.我姑妈住在那间窗户朝南开的房间。Thewomanwithababyinherarmsisgettingonthebus.怀里抱着婴儿的那位妇女正在上车。16...boiledthepotatoesratherthanfriedthem…煮土豆而不是炸土豆ratherthan而不是；并非Hecameallthewaytoimprovetherelationshipratherthantomakemoney.他一路來此为的是改善关系而不是为了挣钱。Weshouldhelphimratherthanlaughathimwhenheisin trouble.思维拓展should和oughtto都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。一Oughthetogo?一Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.表示要求、命令时，语气由should（应该），hadbetter（最好）,must（必须）渐强。当他遇到困难时我们应该帮助他而不是嘲笑他。Grammar情态动词oughtto/oughtnotto1.should和oughtto表示责任、建议或劝告，翻译为“应该”，后者语气强一些。e.g・Youshouldlistentothedoctor"sadviceifyouwanttorecoversoon.Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed・2.should接动词的完成式，是一种谴责，表示过去应该做而没有做或过去做了而不应该做的事。e.g.1missedtheclass.Ishouldhavecomeearlier.Ishouldn，thavemadesuchafoolishmistake.3.情态动词oughtto中的to不可省略。表示责任、可能性等，意思是“应当，应该”。e.g.Weoughttotakehimtoadoctoratonce.我们应当马上把他送往医院。Heoughtnottohavekeptuswaitingsolong.他（当吋）不应该让我们等那么长的吋间。UnitlMeantodo/meandoing1.Don，tthinkIamjoking,Imeanbusiness.2.Whatdoyoumeanbythisword?3.Whatdoesthiswordmean?4.Doyoumeantogowithoutmoney?5.Passingtheentranceexammeansbeingadmittedintocollege.Celebratev./celebrationil/incelebrationof6.Weheldapartytocelebrateoursuccess.7.WeheldacelebrationincelebrationofNationalDay.Happen/takeplace/breakout8.Whathashappenedtohim?9.Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.10.GreatchangeshavetakenplacedinKazuointhepasttenyears.11.Fluusuallybreaksoutinwinter.Taketheplaceof/takesb，splaceof/inplaceof/inplace第一段；自古以來，世界各地就有各种各样的节目和庆典。最古老的节日总是庆 祝严寒的结束，春季的种植和秋天的收割。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个吋代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。现在的节口有很多由來，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。springfestival；最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天，迎接春天的日子。中国人过春节要吃饺子，鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。他们舞龙灯，狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在2月，复活节前40天。人们身着各种艳丽的节口盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，彻夜舞蹈。复活节是全世界基督教徒的一个重耍的宗教和公众节目。它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。人们喜欢聚在一起吃，喝，玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作屮的烦恼。1.Hecouldn，tattendthemeeting，soItookhisplace.2.Iwentthereinplaceofmyfather.3.Shelikestohaveeverythinginplace.•••・Ofallkinds/allkindsof•••・4.Wesellallkindsofhats.=Wesellhatsofallkinds.Starvev./starvetionn・5.Sheisstarvingherselftoloseweight.6.Theplantsarestarvingforwater.只能修饰可数名词的有：(l)many(2)agreatnumberof(3)scoresof(4)afew(5)manya+n.(谓语单数)(6)agood/greatmanyof+修饰词+n.s(7)agood/greatmany+n.s(没有修饰词)只能修饰不可数名词的有:(1)much(2)agreat/gooddealof(3)alargeamountof(4)alittle(5)abitof修饰可数和不可数的有：(1)alotof(2)plentyof(3)alargequantityof(4)largequantitiesofSatisfysb・/satisfytheeyes/satisfythepeople，sneedsBesatisfiedwith••••/besatisfiedtodo…7.Youranswerwon，tsatisfyme.8.Iwassatisfiedwithyouranswer.9.Iwassatisfiedtogetatimelyanswer.The+adj.(thedead/therich/thepoor/theold)10.Theoldwerewelllookedafter.Doharmtosb. 1.Overworkwilldoharmtoyourhealth.Inmemoryof2.Shesetupaschoolinmemoryofherdeadson.Intheshapeof3.Iwanttobuyacakeintheshapeofaheart.Dresssb./bedressedin/dressup4.Themotherisdressingherbaby.5.Sheisdressedinwhitetoday.6.Helikestodressupasapolice.Playatrickon/playtrickson/playjokeson7.Theboylovedplayingtricksonhissister.Lookforwardto8.TheyarelookingforwardtovisitingtheGreatWall.Dayandnight/asthough二asif9.Iwillbeatherbedsidedayandnight.10.HespeaksEnglishsowellasthoughhewereanEnglishman.Havefunwithsb./havefunindoing/makefunof11.Whatfunwehad!12.WearegoingtohavefuninlearningEnglishthisterm.13.It，swrongtomakefunofdisabledpeople.Turnup/turndown/turnoff/turnon/turnout/turnto14.Weinvitedhimtodinner,buthedidn"tturnup.15.PleaseturntheTVupalittle,Ican"thearit.16.Turntheradiodown.17.Turnoffallthelightsbeforeyouleave.18.Willyouturnontheradio?19.Thereisnobodyshecanturnto.20.Thejobturnedouttobeharderthanwethought.Keepone，sword/breakone"swordHaveawordwithsb・二haveafewwordswithsb・Havewordswithsb./inotherwordsIna/oneword21.Hebrokehisword.22.Ikeptmywordtoher.23.MayIhaveawordwithyou?24.Hehadwordswithhiswifelastnight.25.Inaword,he，suseless.26.Whatyoudoisdifferentfromwhatyousay.Inotherwords,you"relying. Fooln・/v.makeafoolofsb./foolsbintodoing/foolsboutofsth1.Doyoutakemeforafool?2.Tomfooledalotofpeopleintobelievinghim.3.Shefooledtheoldmanoutofallhismoney.Apologizetosbforsth4.Heapologizedtoherfornotgoingtoherparty.Holdone，sbreath/loseone"sbreath/outofbreath5.Holdyourbreathandcounttotwenty.6.Vmoutofbreathafterrunninguptheupstairs.It，sobviousthat…./beobvioustosb…7.Itwasobvioustoeveryonethathewaslying.Wipethetable/wipeone"seyes/wipeoff8.Wipethedustoffthetable・Fall/beinlovewith…MarrysbGet/bemarriedtosb9.Theyhavebeeninlovewitheachotherfor2years.10.Theyfellinlovewitheachother2yearsago.11.HeisgoingtomarryKate.12.HehasbeenmarriedtoKatefor2years.13.HegotmarriedtoKate2yearsago.14.Shemarriedherdaughtertoarichman.Remindsbof••••/remindsbtodosth15.Thestoryremindsmeofmyteacher.16.Heremindedmetogohomebeforedark.Setoff/setout/setabout/setup17.Theyhavesetoffonatriproundtheworld.18.HesetoutforLondonthenextmorning.19.HesetaboutlearningChineseattheageoften.20.Anewgovernmentwassetupafterthewar.Forgivesb(forgaveforgiven)21.Heforgaveherforwhatshehadsaidtohim.22.Mancan"tlivewithoutair.23.Anybodycanmakemistakes.24.Couldn"tyoutryitagain?25.Itcan，tbetrue.26.Itcouldn"thavebeenJim,hehasgonetoLondon.27.Thefirespreadquickly,buteveryonewasabletoescape.28.Youcangonow.29.Mayyousucceed.30.Youmayaswellgotoseethedoctor.（may/mightaswell+do 还是的好）1.Shemay/mighthavemissedthetrain.2.Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?3.Ifyouwillallowme,I，11seeyouhome•4.Theoldmanwouldoftengototheparktoplaychess.5.Youshoulddoasshesays.6.Theyshouldhavemadeagoodjobofit.7.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.8.Shehastoworkhardtocatchupwithothers.9.Thismustbeyourroom.10.Youmusthavestayeduplatelastnight.Youreyesarered.11.MustIhandinmyhomeworktoday?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn^t.//No,youdon"thaveto.Unit2Diet/foodbe/goonadiet1.Thedoctorsuggestedthathebeonadiettoloseweight.2.Hewastoopoortohaveenoughfoodtoeat.Energyn./force/power/stlengthenergeticadj.3.Sheisfullofenergy.4.Healwaysdevotesallhisenergiestohisjob.5.Hepushedthedooropenwithallhisforce.6.Carryingtheboxrequiresalotofpower.7.Shedoesn"thaveenoughstrengthtowalkupstairs.8.Japanisnowamongthegreateconomicpowersintheworld.Digestionn・/digestv.9.Shehasapoordigestion,soshecan，teattoomuch.10.Ihaven"tdigestedyourideayet.Balancen.v./balancedadj.balanceddietbeoutofbalance/keepone，sbalance/loseone"sbalance11.Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youshouldhaveabalanceddiet.12.Hetriedtokeephisbalanceinthesmallboat.Frustratev./frustratedadj./frustratingadj./frustrationn.asenseoffrustration.（失意）13.Hewasfrustratedatthefrustratingnews. 14.Wehadplannedtohaveapicnic,butwasfrustratedbyameeting.Prepare(体现在宾语上)/preparefor(为做准备表目的)/bepreparedfor(对作好准备)15.Hepreparedhisspeechforthemeeting.16.Theyarepreparedfortheworst・17.Theteacherispreparingtheexampaper,andstudentsarepreparingforit.18.Wearemakingpreparationsforthecomingexam.Curiosityn./curiousadj.Withcuriosity/showcuriosityabout/becuriousabout/becurioustodo19.Therearesomepeoplewhoshowgreatcuriosityaboutotherpeople"saffairs・20.Thechildstaredattheboxwithcuriosity.21.Heiscuriousaboutnewthings.Amazev./amazingadj./amazedadj.Beamazedthat…/beamazedat…/beamazedtodo…22.WhatamazesmewasthathewaswonJim.23.Itisamazedthepolicetofindthathewasstilllive.24.Iwasamazedthathehadpassedtheexam.25.Heisamazedatthisamazingnews.Slimadj.(slimmer,slimmest)/v.(slimmed,slimmed)26.Manypeopleliketokeepfitandslim.27.Younggirlsliketogetfitandslimdown.28.Thecompanyplannedtoslimdownitswork-force.Oughtto/oughtnotto/oughttohavedone29.Thereoughtnottobemuchnoiseinahospital.30.Yououghttohavecomeyesterday.31.HeoughttostudyEnglishwell.32.Heoughtn"ttodrinktoomuch.33.OughtItogo?Yes,youought(to)•No,yououghtn，t(to).Hurryby/hurryup34.Iwanttosayhellotohim,buthehurriedby.35.Hurryup,you，11belate.36.Hehurriedbywithoutsayinghellotous.Betiredof…betiredwith/fromtiresbout/sbbetiredout37.Sheistiredofdoingthesameworkeveryday. 14.Hewastiredfromthewholeday，swork.15.Weweretiredout.Getawaywith16.Hegotawaywithdamagingthenewcar.Matter/affair/business/event17.That，sanothermatter.18.What"sthematterwithyoutoday?19.Asamatteroffact，heisathief.20.Iknowhowtotakecareofmyownaffairs.21.Youshouldknowhowtodealwithyourownaffairs.22.Heisbusywiththeaffairsofstate.23.What"syourbusinesshere?24.Mindyourownbusiness.25.It，snoneofyourbusiness26.Adaughtersmarriageisaneventforafather.Value/price/cost/worth27.Thebookisofgreatvalue.28.Suchabookhaslittlevalueexpectwhenyouhavetimetokill.29.Thepriceoflandisveryhighinbigcities.30.PricesarelowerinChinathaninAmerican.31.What，sthepriceofyournewbike?32.Thecarcost1yuaninthepast.33.Hesavedthebabyatthecostofhislife.34.Thevaseisoflittleworth.Musthavedone—定作过/Couldn，t/can"thavedone—定没有，不可能已经Needn"thavedone本不必May/mighthavedone可能已经（对过去发生的推测）Should/oughttohavedone本应该shouldn，t/oughtn，ttohavedone本不应该Could/mighthavedone本来可以（却没做）Wouldhavedone过去愿意做某事而没做35.Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.36.Asitturnedouttobethatwarm,weneedn，thavewornsomanyclothes.37.It，slate.Hemighthavegonetobed.38.IamsorrytowastethehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard.39.Youshouldn，thavetoldherthetruth.40.Youcouldhavegivenmoreattentiontoit. 14.IfIhadcomeearlier,IwouldhavemetJim.15.Needyougonow?Yes,Imust.No,youneedn"t.Benefitn./v.benefitfrom/by16.I，vehadthebenefitofgoodeducation.17.Ibenefitedalotfrommyfather"sadvice.Earnone，sliving二makealiving18.Heearnedhislivingbysellingnewspaperswhenhewasyoung.Indebt（to）/getintodebt/runintodebt/payoffone，sdebt/getoutofdebt19.It，seasiertogetintodebtthantogetoutofdebt.20.Wewerepoorbutwenevergetintodebt.Spyon21.Hisjobistospyontheenemy"smovement.22.Shelikestospyonotherpeople"saffairs.Earn/win/gain23.Heearnedhislivingbyteaching.24.Hewonherloveatlast・25.Hegainedtheexperiencethroughthepratice.Nolonger（时间和状态延续）/nomore（数量和次数非延续）26.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.27.Henolongerliveshere.28.Hesaidhewouldnomoregothere.29.Hesaidhewouldnomoredothatkindofthing.Glareat/stareat30.It，srudetostareatotherpeople.31.JimwasangryandglaredatKate.Agreewith/agreeto/agreeon32.Iagreewithallyousay.33.Theweatherheredoesn，tagreewithme.34.Iagreedtotheplan.35.Theyhaventagreedontheprice.Missing/lost/gone36.Ifoundanumberofbooksmissing.37.Atlasthefoundhislostwallet.38.Allmyhopeisgone. Unit4Sk订1/sk订led/skillfulI.Sheshowedgreatskillinacting.2.Writingandspeakingaretwodifferentskills.Thinkof…as/treat…as/lookon…as/have…as/consider…as/regard…as3.Studentsthinkoftheirteacherastheirgoodfriend.Partof…4.Partofthehousewasburntinthefire.5.Partofthechildrenwerekilledintheaccident.Atmosphere6・Theatmospherechangedassoonasshecamein.7.Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.Beginwith8.Tobeginwith,Icouldn^tunderstandeverysentence.9.TheconcertbeganwithasongCombine/combinetion/combine…with/combinesb，seffortstodo••••/join….to10.Youshouldtryyourbesttocombineworkwithpleasure.II.Itisbettertocombinewhatwe"velearnedwithwhatwe，reusing.12.Theycombinedtheireffortstofinishthework.13.Combinetheeggwithalittleflour.14.ThenewrailwayhasjoinedourcitytoBeijing.Violent/violence15.Hewasviolentwhenhegotdrunk.Explode/explosion16.Whenthebombexplodedmanypeoplewerekilled.17.Thestudentsexplodedwithlaughter.Surface18.Hesteppedontothesurfaceofthemoon. 12.Idon，tneedfriendshiponthesurface.Harmful/harmdosb.harm/doharmtosb.thereisnoharmin(sb‘s)doing/itdoesnoharm(forsb)todo20.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth・21.Thereisnoharminreadingthenovels.22.Itdoesnoharmtoreadthenovels.Encouragesbtodo/keepupcourage23.Ourteacheroftenencouragesustokeepupcourage.Growinto24.Sheisgrowingintoabeautifulgirl>25.Thecoatistoobigforhimnow,buthewillgrowintoit.Aswellas/aswell26.Hehasexperienceaswellasknowledge.27.Sheiscleveraswellasbeautiful.2&I,Lieaswellasyou,knowthat.lying(lietosb/tellalie)liedlied说谎，Lie谎言laylainlying(lieintheeast/liedown)位于，Lay躺下laidlaidlaying(laytheegg/laythetable)芒卵，摆放规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。Givebirthto29.Shegavebirthtoahealthybaby.Spread(spread，spread)30.Theyspreadthemaponthetable.31.IfItellyouthissecret，don，tspreaditaround.toomuch(1)单独用在句中做主语宾语和表语32.Toomuchhasbeensaidaboutit.33.Youhavedonetoomuchforme•34.Thejobistoomuchforyou.(2)定语不可数n35.Toomuchwaterhasbeenwasted.36.Therearetoomuchsnowontheground.(3)状语不及物动词37.Hetalkedtoomuchattheparty.38.Heatetoomuchyesterday.39.I"mafraidI’veputyoutoomuchtrouble.muchtoo修饰adj./adv.太非常 30.TheproblemismuchtoodifficuItformetoworkout.31.Englishismuchtooeasyforyou.Prevent…(from)doing主动中可以省略from被动中不可以省略fromStop・••・(from)doing主动中可以省略from被动中不可以省略fromKeep・•・・fromdoing主动被动都不可以省略from32.Thisisthewayyoucanthinkoftopreventpeoplegettingintotrouble.33.Jimwaspreventedfromtakingpartinthesportsmeeting.34.Ifmydirectorhadbeenondutyyesterday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromleaving.35.Kate，ssuddenlyarrivalpreventedhimfromgoingout.Dependon36.Youcan"tdependonyourparentsforever.37.Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.Loudly/moreloudly/mostloudly闹38.Theyshoutedasloudlyastheycould.Aloudreadaloud/laughaloud39.Hereadthestoryaloudtohisson.Loud/louder/loudest40.Louderplease,Ican"thearyou.Aloudvoice.Burstoutcrying/laughingBurstintotears/laughter41.Thepipeburstandwaterflowedout.42.Theyburstthedooropen.43.Sheburstintolaughter.Hit44.Shehithimontheheadwithabook.Disappointvt./disappointed/disappointing/disappointmentBedisappointedat/about对。。。失望Bedisappointedtodo因为做。。。。而失望Bedisappointedthat-clause对。。。失望45.Whathesaiddisappointedme.46.Tomydisappointment,thepicnicwasputoff.47.Iwasdisappointedthatourschoolfootballteamhadlostthegame.explainsth・tosb/clause48.Explainthispointtous.49.Heexplainedwhyhewaslate.Force:byforce/forcesbtodosth/forcebackone"stears50.ThepolicetookJimawaybyforce. 30.Therobberforcedhertohandoverthemoney.Lessen31.Hetriedhisbesttolessenthepatient"spain.Farfrom32.Theschoolisfarfrommyhome.Feelasif33.Shefeltasifshewerefloatingintheair.Getcloseto65ItwasdifficuIttogetclosetotheroofofthebuilding.Cheer…on为。。。力口油/cheerfulcheers干杯66.Iwascheerfultocheerourteamon.67.Cheerup!Lifeisn"tthatbad.Therecertainlywillbechancesforyou.Float68.Themodelboatfloatingonthewater.69.Aballoonfloatedacrossthesky.explore70.Theyexploredthenewlydiscoveredisland.Massn./adj./amassof=massesof71.Thereweremassesofdarkcloudsinthesky.72.Shehasamassofthingstodo.73.Thereismassesofmoneyonthetable.…数词+times+比较级+than74.Theboxisfivetimesbiggerthanthatone.…数词+times+as+原级+as75.Theboxisfivetimesasbigasthatone.数词+times+thesizeof/thewidthof/theheightof/thelengthof/thedepthof76.Theboxisfivetimesthesizeofourclassroom.…数词+times+what……77.Theproductionisnowfivetimeswhatitwastenyesago.Nowthat78.Nowthatyouhavepassedthetest,youcandriveacaronyourown.79.Nowthatyouhavemadethesamemistake,youshouldbepunished.Getthehangof80.Youwillgetthehangofhowtousecomputerinashortwhile.amaze(v.)使…惊讶—amazing(adj.)令人吃惊的①amazesbabout/a/tsth使某人对某事惊异②beamazeabout/at/bysth对某事惊异③beamazedtodosth对做某事感至U吃惊81.Heamazedeveryoneabout/athisactions. 73.Wewereamazedat/about/bythechangehisappearance.74.Iwasamazedtofindhimhere.Breakout发生/breakup解散打碎/breakawayfrom脱离/breakinto闯入/breakdown崩溃