高中英语语法一点通——名词性从句 23页

右屮英得得体一支通——名咦）性从句一.名祠柚从句的定丈.今类及特征在句中起到名词所能充当的句子成分的从句称之为名词性从句，名词常用来作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此，对应的名词性从句可以分为四大类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。类别伶征丈语从句1、作句子主语的从句叫作主语从句。2、为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句，把主语从句置于句尾。常用的句型有：Itis/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。Whetherhecancometothepartyontimedependsonthetraffic.It"sagreatpitythattheydidn"tgetmarried.Itistruethatthemanontheleftisawell-knownwriterhere.Itisrequiredthatallmembersbepresent.宾语从句1、作句子宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词或者介 词的宾语C2、某些结构中可用it作形式宾语：（1）动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面接宾语补足语吋，常用的结构为：动词+it+宾语补足语（形容词或者名词）+宾语从句；（2）有些表示好恶的动词，^0:like,appreciate,dislike等带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加it。3、that引导宾语从句，一般不充当介词的宾语，但可作in和except的宾语，其它介词后要用形式宾语it。Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim.Therewasadiscussionaboutwhethertheproposalwaspractical.Ithinkitnecessary+hatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.Iwouldappreciate计verymuchifyouhelpedmew汁h计.Yourcompositioniswellwrittenexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.Youcandependonitthathewillcometoouraid.家错从句位于系动词Z后作表语的从句叫表语从句。Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.同保错以句同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。通常由that引导，常接同位语从句的名词有：news,conclusion,possibility,rumor,certainty,story,word,mystery,idea,doubt,hope,truth,question,belief,fact,message,evidence,information,explanation,rule,probability,question,wish,thought,statement,report,opinion,principle等。ThenewsthattheUnitedStateswashitbyterroristattackstookthewholeworldby surprise.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.二.名祠松从句引导彳司的用体连接词that,whether,if,asif,asthough连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever连接副词when,where,how,why1.that的用法®that在句中没有意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起到连接的作用。ItisdecidedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextMonday.（2）that引导动词后的宾语从句时，可以省略，但引导其它名词性从句时，不可以省略。但如果宾语从句是并列句时，引导第二个分句的that不可以省略。Hesaid（that）hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.2.whether/if的用法whether可以引导四种名词性从句，讦只能引导宾语从句和不放在句首的主语从句，即用it作形式主语。在下列情况下只能用whether引导宾语从句：（1）作介词宾语；（2）whether...or（not）结构屮；（3）后接动词不定式。Thequestioniswhethertheycantakeouradvice.Itisstillaquestionwhethertheycantakeouradvice.Whethertheycantakeouradviceisaquestion.Itisdoubtfulwhether/讦theycantakeouradvice. Idon^tcarewhetherhewillcomeornot:.Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryou，11comeornot.Idorftknowwhethertoaccepthisoffer2.asif/asthough的用法asif/asthough表示“似乎、好像”的意思，只引导名词从句中的表语从句。Shelookedasifshehadbeenworkinghardforalongtime.3.连接代词连接代词不仅起到连接主从句的作用，而且在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语。Thequestioniswhocantakehisplace.Wearesoupsetaboutwhatweshoulddonext.Whoeverislateforthemeetingshouldbepunished.特剔提HL1、引导名词性从句时，what相当于allthat,所以what前不需要在出现先行词。2、连接代词whatever,whoever虽然在意思上相当于nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,但是二者在用法上有一定区别，前者既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导让步状语从句，后者只可以引导让步状语从句。Iwon，tbelievewhateverthedishonestmansays.Whateverhesays,Iwon"tgowithhim.=Nomatterwhathesays,IworTtgowithhim.4.连接副词连接副词不仅起到连接主从句的作用，而且在名词性从句中充当状语。 Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.Theycouldn^tunderstandwhyIrefusedit.Theproblemiswhereweshouldstay.一、what的用体what有时保留它原有的疑问意义，表示“什么”;有时作双重连接代词，相当于allthat或thethingthat；what本身已包括先行词，所以前面无需再用先行词。Idon"tknowwhatsheisdoing.（疑问代词）Iunderstoodwhathesaid.（连接代词）Allwhathesaidwasreasonable.（错）Whathesaidwasreasonable.（正）Allthathesaidwasreasonable.（正）ThatisacarwhatIcan"tafford.（错）Thatisacarthat（which）Icantafford.（正）二、who/whom鸟whoever/whomever铸g剔who/whom意为"谁”，引导名词性从句时，带有疑问色彩。whoever/whomever意为“无论谁、任何人”，相当于anyonewho/whom，没有疑问色彩。Whowilltakethepositionisunderdiscussion.Whoevertakesthepositionshouldberesponsibleforourcompany. 三、what/whatever鸟which/whichever的&樹what/whatever意为“什么/无论什么”，描述的事物在上下文中没有范围；which/whichever意为“哪个/无论哪个”，描述的事物在上下文中有范围。Tobehonest,Icanhardlyunderstandwhat/whateveryouhavesaid.Hereisthedress.ThisiswhatIhavebeendreamingofHerearemanybeautifuldresses.Idon，tknowwhichIlike.Herearemanybeautifuldresses.Youcanchoosewhicheveryoulike.四、because和why引导表语从句because引导表语从句时，表示原因；why引导表语从句时，表示结果。Jimgotuplate.Thatwasbecausetheclockwentwrong.Theclockwentwrong.ThatwaswhyJimgotuplate.J解题秘诀丿名词性从句部曲1、分析主句缺少的句子成分，进而确定考查四种名词性从句屮哪一种名词性从句。2、分析名词性从句所缺句子成分：(1)缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语；(2)缺少状语，表示疑问；(3)不缺少句子成分，名词性从句句子成分完整。3、缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语，选用连接代词；缺少状语，表示疑问；选用连接副词；不缺少句子成分，名词性从句句子成分完整，选用that或者whether/ifo 4、结合每个引导词的意义和用法区别，确定使用某个具体的引导词。小易错题型()1・Nowadaysconsumersbecomemoreandmorepracticalandbuyonlytheyneed.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.what()2.Shedliketooffermoneytoneedsittocontinuehisorherstudy.A.whoB・whomC.whoeverD.whomever()3-Ifyouareadmittedtoakeyuniversity,asaprize?—Lmlookingforacellphone.A.WhatyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyouB.DoyouexpectwhatyourfatherwillofferyouC.WhatdoyouexpectwillyourfatherofferyouD.Whatdoyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou()4.Yesterdayhesoldoutallhisstampsathethoughtwasareasonableprice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as()5.Generallyspeaking,wehaveseenseemsmorebelievablethanwehavebeentold.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.that;that()6.Afterthreedays"waiting,therewasalittledoubtinthemothersmindthepolicecouldfindherlostchild・ ()7.uSustainobledevelopment11isaquestionwecancontinuedevelopingtheworldwithoutdamagingtheenvironmentsA.whyB.whenC.that0.how()8.Wedliketodowecanthepoor.A.how;helpB.all;tohelpC.whatever;helpD.however;tohelp()9.Myparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarformybrother.A.whichB.allwhatC.whatb.不填()10.Shewassoangryatallhewasdoingshestayedupallnight.A.that;thatB.that;whichC.what;thatb.what;as()11.Afterseemedages,thenewsmandisclosedthefacts.A.thereB.whichC.whatb.that()12.Ourschoolisnolongeritwas10yearsago,itwasnotwellequipped.A.what;whichB.that；whichC.what;whenD.that;where()13.Ourbadlivinghabitswilldestroytheearth.Onlybychangingwelivecanwesavetheearth.A.thatB.whatC.howD.where()14.Thinkingthatyouknowinfactyoudon"tisaseriousmistakeA.whatB.thatC.whenD.however()15.Energyismakesthingswork. ()16.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright・A.thatwhatB.whatthatC.thatD.whether()17.1thinkthatthismealwaswellworthwaschargedforit.A.thatB.whatC.which0.howmany()18.Pleasereadyoulike.A.whateverB.nomatterwhatC.thatallb.allwhat()19.Thoughheknewlittleaboutthefield,hesucceededothermoreexperimentersfailed.A.whichB.thatC.whatt).where()20.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonderswillhappentoherprivatelife.A.汁B.thatC.whatD.this()21.Thenewshasspreadalloverthecountrythespaceshipsucceededinreturningtotheearth.A.thatB.whichC.whether0.what()22.Youcanchoosebookyoulikeamongthese.A.nomatterwhatB.whateverC.whoseD・whichever()23.wecantunderstandishedidntjoinusinourdiscussion.A.That;whyB.Which;how C.What;whatD・What;why ()24.Loulancityisnotatallatravelerwhohasneverseenthedesertbeforecanexpect.A.whatB.thatC.which0.where()25.Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutismymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherb.why()26.WeshouldbuyourdaughteracomputerinitcanhelptoimproveherEnglish.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whom()27.1wishtohaveafriendwithsharesmyhobbiesandinterests・A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone()28.Whydontyoubringtohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit.A.thisB.whatC.thatD.it()29.Thetaskrequireddiditcarefulandbraveenough.A.who;isB.whom;wasC.whomever;wereD.whoever;be()30.Wewrotealetterofthankstohadhelpedus.A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.Whoever()3L—Whatareyouanxiousabout?■■_•A.WhetherwecansucceedB.IfwesucceedC.DoyousucceedD.Thatwecansucceed()32.Theteacheraskedhisstudents. C.whatwasthematterwithD.whatwasmatterwith()33.—Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.—Oh,thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that()34・IkeptthispictureIcanseeiteverydayasitremindsmeofmyuniversitydays.A.inwhichB.whereC.whenD・whether()35.TheyexpressedthehopetheywouldcomeovertoChinaagain.A.whichB.whomC.whatb.that()36・Youshouldkeepthoseoldjambottles,foryouneverknowyoumightneedthem・A.whenB.how.C.whatD.whereyoudlikeforsupper?()37.—boyouhaveanythinginmind——Well.willdoforme.A.which,everythingB.that,anythingC.what,whateverb.that,either()38.Afterfivehours1drive,theyreachedtheytboughtwastheplacetheydbeendreamingof.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where()39.doesn"tmattermuchdressyouaregoingtowear.A.This;thatB.That；whoC.It；whichD.It;who()40,hasfinishedtheworkaheadoftimewillberewardedthoughwedon"tknowwhoitwillbe. A.ThosewhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Nomatterwho()41.makestheschoolfamousismorethan90%ofthestuderrtshavebeenadmittedtouniversities.A.What;becauseB.That;becauseC.That;whatD.What;that()42.Everythinqdependsontheywillsupportyouaboutit.A.讦B.whichC.whetherD.that()43.Aftertenyears,shechangedalotandlookeddifferentfromsheusedtobe.A.thatB.whomC.whatD.who()44.1knownothingabouttheyoungladysheisfromBeing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides()45.Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether()46.aterriblestormwouldtakeplaceinHainan.A.WordcamewhichB.WordcamethatC.WordthatcameD.Wordscamethat()47.DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen・That"swhyshehasmadeuphermindnottoleavehimhappens.A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatt).Whatever;however ()48.Mr.HopkinshasnotyetansweredmyquestionIcangowithhimtohecallstheUndergroundTreasureHousenextweek.A.that;whichB.that;whereC.whether;thatD.whether;what()49.―Dontyoubelieveme?■一,Iwillbelieveyousay.A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD・Yes;whatever()50.ATVreporterwantedtoknowpeoplethefilm.A.how;thoughtB.what;thoughtC.how；likedt).what;liked()51.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning・A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what()52.uWhatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?""TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould."A.whenthatC.how0.what()53.""Couldyoudomeafavor?0""Itdependsonitis."A.whichB・whicheverC.whatD.whatever()54.ThereismuchchanceBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace・A.thatB.whichC.untilD.讦()55.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever ()56.Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whob.that()57.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccepthelphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever()58.Assoonashecomesback,IIItellhimwhenandseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome()59・intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount・A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD・Itrequires()60.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectanditisroughorsmooth.A.不填B.whetherC.howD・what()61.Thewayhediditwasdiffererrtwewereusedto.A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD・fromwhich()62.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongeritwas20yearsago,计wassopoorlyequipped・A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which；that()63.banbyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which()64・Idontknowtheywilldowiththisoldmachine. ()65.SomeresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubtacareforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether()66.Theoldladyshandshookfrequently.Sheexplainedtoherdoctorthisshakinghadbegunhalfayearbefore,and.onlybecauseofthis,shehadbeenforcedtogiveupherjob.A.when；howB.how;whenC.how；howD・why;why()67.boyouhaveanyideaisactuallygongonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which()68・Iwanttoknowthethiefwascaughtonthespot.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether()69.Ourclubisopentoadultsonly.yourchildrenhaveenteredwithoutpermission.A.ThereseemsthatB.ItseemstobeC.ThereseemstobeD.Itseemsthat()70.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisisIdisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how()71.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Icantunderstandtheyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenb.how()72.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout・ A.thatB.asC.whyD.when ()73.TheForeignMinistersaid广ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace/1A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis()74.AstorygoesElizabeth1ofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatb.that()75.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright・A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichb.whichthat()76.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatb.that()77.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how()78.AlongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas・A.whichB.thatC.what0.whether()79.Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where()80.1thinkfatherwouldliketoknowIvebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote・A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how()81.Parentsaretaughttounderstandimportarrteducationistotheirchildrensfuture. ()82.ltisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.what0.how()83.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday"sgame?・・・Oh,thafs.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD・whenIfeelexcited()84.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving()85.madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestuderrtshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;what0.That;because()86.Theresafeelinginmewe111neverknowwhataUFOis•A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what()87.Perseveranceisakindofquality—andthafsittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why()88.—Ithinkit"sgoingtobeabigproblem.—Iwonderwecandoaboutit ()89.fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which()90.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlyhewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that()91.Acomputercanonlydoyouhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatb.when()92.ThisistheShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when()93.1readaboutitinsomebookorother.Does计matteritwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which()94.LittieTommywasreluctarrttotelltheschoolmasterhehaddonethedaybefore・A.thatBhowC.whereD.what()95.shecouldntunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that()96.isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch. A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether ()97.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddoIcantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever()98.DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thafswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhimhappens・A.Whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatD・Whatever;however()99.weIIgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather・A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where()100.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.that C•讦D.for