高考英语语法专题复习系列课件-短文改错 74页

英语高考专题复习短文改错 Howtocorrectacomposition短文改错 1．短文改错测试点高考英语短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语语言知识的能力，它不同于单句改错，考生应在理解短文的基础上,，根据上下文的逻辑关系,对文中的错误做出判断，并进行纠正。因此，该题型综合性强，涉及面广。 短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了中学英语中的所有的语法内容，侧重考查:动词和非谓语动词，连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词，动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固定搭配等。 1、贴近实际生活2、话题有关学生学习生活3、多以书信和日记的形式出现4、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇。5、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和并不复杂的复合句。材料特点 常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面：一是语法方面，主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。 二是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等. 高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，分成10行，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，10行中都存在错误。各种错误所占比例为命题特点2：1：7或者1：1：8：多缺错 得法者，事半功倍 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，冠词连词常光顾。短文改错口诀： 一、动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。2007四川卷：Whenhegetshome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,stillwearinghisjacketwiththewalletinthepocket.2007天津卷：InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.gotgot 2006安徽卷：Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.2006安徽卷：Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemoutwishespermitted 1.Aftertheyhadchosethebookstheywishedtoread,theinstructortoldthemtheprincipalpointshewantedthemtonote.2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.chosenlikes 3.Iwillliketoknowwhereyouwereborn.4.Iwouldlikeyoureaditagain.5.Myfathermustn’thavesaidsuchathing.wouldtocouldn’t/can’t 6.Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung,suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterrupted.7.Growingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.8.ThebikeoutsidemyhouseisbelongedtoTom.wasneeded 解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动. [考点剖析]此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致.(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态).(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用. 二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。2007陕西卷：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.2008浙江卷：Anearbycompanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressesonevenlope.Thepaywas10centsperenvelope.lessonsevenlopes 2006福建卷：Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.2006陕西卷：Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.I’msureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.2006重庆卷：Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.interestcoursessky 1.Thebookwillgiveyoualltheinformationsyouneed.2.Heisongoodtermwithme.3.Heisagenerousfellow,andwillsoonmakefriendwithyouagain.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamilyfurniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,work（工作），advice等informationtermsfriendshome 4.Hesenthisdaughtertoagirl’shighschool.5.Givemethreespoonfulofsugar.6.AuntMaryreturnedhomeaftertenyear’sabsence.7.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.girls’spoonfulsyears’idea [考点剖析]此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)可名词与不可数名词的混用.(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词的用法.(3)同义词或反义词的混用. 解决方案1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系.2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法.3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词. 三、还要注意形和副注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。2007浙江卷：Igottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.2006福建卷：Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.proudhappily１修饰名词，be动词，系动词要用形容词２修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副词３比较级和最高级的使用 2008全国卷Ⅱ：IwilllearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheOlmpicsasgoodasthe2008Olmpicgames.2006辽宁卷：Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.usuallywell 1.Unfortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.2.Youshouldberespectabletowardsyourteachers.3.Iamabsolutelyuncapabletotellalie.Unfortunatelyfortunately，luckily，obviously，natrually，interestinglyrespectfulincapable 4.Youmustmakeyourparentshappily.5.HelookeddifferentlyafterhisreturnfromEurope.6.Thenumberofgirlsisveryfew.happydifferentsmall 7.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.8.Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.9.Thenewpersononthejobfeelsmorebetterafterheorshehasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.latelightermuch/even/rather 考点剖析:(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用.(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用. 解决方案(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词. 四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。2007浙江卷：Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2007宁夏卷：LiMengcameseemeeveryday.to 2008重庆卷：Andthereweremanymeaningfulthings2008辽宁卷：Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespenttogetherandthepeopletheywerefamiliarwith.rememberingthatwereworththinkofthinking 1.Hehasneverbeenheardspeakillofothers.2.Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.3.ItisdifficulttomakeyourselfunderstandinEnglish.tosaidunderstood 4.Onhiswayhome,hesuddenlyheardhisnamecalling.5.Butthentherearealwaysmoremysterieslookinto.6.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.calledtolearning 7.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.8.Hedidn’twantsharethingswithotherpeople.9.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.10.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.madetotalkingto 11.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.12.Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.13.Theywantedonechildoranothertocomeoutandplayed.keepingbecomeplay 考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用. 解决方案(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握. 六、代词格，细领悟高考链接6：IheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.us1.人称代词主格和宾格，物主代词的使用．２．反身代词oneself的使用．3．不定代词的使用．4．Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.5.Whose和who’s，its和it’s的区别．人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称Imeweusyouyouyouyouhehimsheheritittheythem单数复数形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 五、代词格，细领悟（2007全国I）Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.mineFinally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.their 2008全国II：Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.2007陕西：JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!ourmyself t1.Knowledgeisthereforwhomeverwillseekit.2.Whomdoyouthinkisthewriterofthisbook?3.Hisbrother’scaseisquitedifferentfromme.whoeverwhomine 4.Peoplefindincreasinglydifficulttomaketheirliving.5.Heistallerthananyoneinhisclass.6.IspokeamanwhoIthoughttobemycousin.itelseto 7.Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.8.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.9.Thosefreshmenfinallylearnedtosolvetheproblemsbythem.themselves [考点剖析]此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误.2)“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用. [解决方案](1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。catchasightoflosemyheartinhurryinSundayafternoonsuchmanypeopleinashortaon∨so六、习惯用法要记住 1.Don’tapproachtoaworkofartinsuchaspirit.2.Theboywasabsorbedbuildingadaminthebrook.3.Iwasimpressedatthezealwithwhichhespokeoftheplan.4.Thegentlemaninsistedatmyreceivingthemoney.5.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehillinwithon 6.Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.7.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.8.I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by thattime.offoron 考点剖析:(1)在一些固定短语中，介词的误用是很常见的题型.(2)介词与连词或副词的混用.(3)及物动词之后介词的多用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用. 解析方案:(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来. 七、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。2008年安徽卷:Shelookedatmeandstartedtolaugh.“Howareyoulaughing?”Iasked.2007天津卷：Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidn’ttakemybadgradesasajudgementofmyabilities,but…who/thatWhy 1.MyroommatelivesinasmalltownincentralMissouri,aquiettownwhichIwouldliketolivemyself.2.TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoofthoseareseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.3.Thesephotoswillshowyouhowourvillagelookslike.4.Icannotmakesenseofthathesaidatthemeeting.wherewhichwhatwhat 八、逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。2006四川卷：Thatnight，wesatdowntowhattheythoughtwouldbeapleasant,uninterruptedmeals.NMET2005:Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.wetheir 3.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.4.Hewillstaythereoneandtwodays.5.Theremaynotbemuchchoicebetweenthisoneorthat.andorand 考点剖析:(1)并列连but,and,or,so等词的混用，常常出现在改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3)平行结构方面的错误。 常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。2oo7全国II：ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsI’mdoingattheschool…2007四川卷：AnAustralianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.aa九、冠词、连词常光顾 3.IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIwentbacktoschoolasnewperson.4,Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.5.WhenachildisfiveinEnglandorWales,hisparentsmustsendhimtotheschool.6.Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.athean 2007浙江卷：TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.2006辽宁卷：Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,butshemarkedstrictlyonouractualperformance.2007四川卷：Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.whenandso 1.30percentofgirlswouldliketobecometeacherswhenonly5percentofboyswanttodothisjob.2.Webecomemoreandmoreimpatientofinterruptionswhentheyearsgoon.3.ItwasnotuntilitbegantorainwhenInoticedhisumbrellaleftinmycar.whileasthat 冗词的多用1.Lastsummer,IwenttoBeijing,myfirsttimetriptothecity.2.Twoyearslater,hereturnedbackhome.3.Itisabout200milesfarawayfromLondon. 4)Manystudentsfeelitthatapopularteachermustbekindandeasy-going.5.Thegirlisproudofthatherfamilyiswelldescended.6.Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters--inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild. 7.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderthesameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.8.(02春季)Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro’clockinthemorning.9.Eveningcamedown.10.(NMET03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese. 【解题步骤】1浏览全文，掌握大意2分句阅读，逐行找错3检查核对，攻克难点4规范答题不留空白 短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，冠词连词常光顾。 短篇练习 AtChristmasEve,Jimwentwithhis1._____fathertochooseaChristmastree.Theychoose2._____abigone.Itwasalmostastallerastheroom!3._____Theyputtheminthecornerofthesitting4._________on_________chose_______tall_______it动词形介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住还要注意形和副代词格，细领悟2009高考英语短文改错模拟训练 room.Katewascovereditwithalotof5._____Christmaslight.Thesittingroomlooked6.____reallybeautifullyatthemoment.Therewas7.________afireburninthefireplace,andtheChristmas8.____treelightswereshinningbrightly.Jimorhis9.____parentssinginganddancinghappily.10.____＼was＼_______lights_____________beautiful∧were动词形还要注意形和副动词形名词数2009高考英语短文改错模拟训练逻辑错误须关注and非谓语，细辨别burning 短文改错应注意的问题1.在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词等).5.多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意. 四不改：1.单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改.3.词序不改.4.标点符号不改. Dear Alice,I have just got some goodnews to tell to you.1.______I win a national prize for painting last week.2. ______My father was so pleasing that he suggested3. ______I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying4. ______there for half a month, visiting place of interest5. ______or practicing my English as well. We’ve been6. ______第二个to删去win--wonpleasing--pleasedstaying--stayplace--placesor--and Writing to each for nearly a year now. I have7. ______often dreamed of talk face tofacewith you.8. ______I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that9. ______time. Perhaps we could go out to do some10. ______sightseeing together.Bestwishes！Lily∧each后加othertalk--talkingat--on√