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高中英语语法考点专题解析第十五章反意疑问句一、概说反意疑问句附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提岀疑问。可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示说话者的某种倾向、强调或反问。反意疑问句有前后两个部分,若前一部分为肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;若前一部分为否定式,后一部分一般用肯定式。这种疑问句由be、have及助动词和情态动词加主语构成,前有逗号,后有问号,句末常用升调,其答语一般须用yes或no。二、陈述句谓语动词为have的反意疑问句。1>当have表示"有‘‘时可用have或do两种形式反意。如:Hehasasister,hasn"the(doesn"the)?Hedoesn^haveasister,doeshe?(不可用hashe,因为前面用的是doesn"t)2、当have不表示“有"而作为行为动词表示“吃、得到、经历、遭受""时,疑问部分只用do的适当形式。如:Hehasbreakfast,doesn"the?Theweakboyoftenhascoughs,doesn"the?3、当陈述句谓语动词含有have(o、hasto>hadto时,疑问部分用do的适当形式,虽然havegotto和haveto含义相同,但疑问部分要用have的适当形式。如:Wehavetowalkback,don"twe?Theyhadtoobeytherules,didn"tthey?Ihavegottotellittoyourmother,haven"tI?三、特殊类型的反意疑问句。1、当陈述句谓语动词为系动词、助动词和情态动词时,疑问部分要重复这些动词。如:Heisbrave,isrfthe?
Iamstrong,aren"tI(ainlI)?Shewillgetmarried,won"tshe?Youcanhelpher,can"tyou?注意:陈述句若是lam...结构,疑问部分要用aren"tl、ain"tI或amInot(正式),而不用amnotIo2、need和daw既可以用作情态动词,又可以用作行为动词,所以在反意疑问句中要准确判斷其是情态动词还是行为动词。如:Heneedn^tdoitagain,needhe?Hedoesn^tneedtodoitagain,doeshe?Shedaresayit,daren?tshe?Shedoesn"tdaretosayit,doesshe?3、当陈述句谓语部分含有usedto时,疑问句部分可用didn"t、usedn"t或userft;如果是thereusedtobe...句型,反意疑问句用usedn"t(didn"t)there0如:Heusedtolivehere,usedn^(usen9t)he?Heusedtolivehere,didn"the?Thereusedtobeaschoolinthevillage,usedn^tthere?Thereusedtobesomelakesinthisarea,didnlthere?4、当陈述句的助动词为oughtto时,反意疑问句有ought和should两种形式反意。如:Yououghttocomeearly,oughtn^tyou(shouldn"tyou)?Yououghtn"ttocomeearly,oughtto(shouldyou)?5、当陈述句的助动词为hadbetter,反意疑问句用had或hadn"t。如:Youhadbettertakeanumbrella,hadrTtyou?Youhadbetternotgooutatnight,hadyou?6、谓语部分含有wouldrather>wouldlike引起的反意疑问句,用wouldn"t。如:Hewouldratherstayathome,wouldn^the?
She?dliketogoshopping,wouldn^tshe?7、当陈述句中的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish时,反意疑问句的谓语要用may,而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。如:Iwishtogohome,mayI?Iwishtocomehere,mayI?8>陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同,反意疑问句也不同。总体来说,陈述句谓语含must的反意疑问句有下列四种情况。①当must表示“必须""时,反意疑问句的谓语动词用mustn^o如:Youmustgosoon,mustn"tyou?②当must表示"必要‘‘时,反意疑问句谓语动词用needn^o如:Thenursemusttakegoodcareofthechildren,needn^tshe?③当mustn"t表示“禁止"咐,反意疑问句用musto如:Youmustn"tparkyourcarhere,mustyou?④当mustbe表示“猜测、准是""时,反意疑问句谓语视情况可适当改用be、do或have等。如:Yourparentsmustbeinthekitchen,aren?tthey?TommusthavebeentoBeijing,hasn"the?(或用wasn^the)Thescientistsmusthavesucceededintheirnewexperiment,haven"tthey?Theymusthavegottherelastweek,didn"tthey?9、当陈述句中谓语动词是may或might时,反意疑问句要用may或might(偶尔也用will表示请求)。如:Imaypickyouup,mayn^tI?Itmayhaverained,mayn"tit?Theymightn"thavearrived,mightthey?Youmighthelpme,willyou?10、当陈述句中的主语为this>that、something>anything>everything>nothing等时,反意疑问句的主语用ito如:
Thisisverygood,isn5tit?Somethingbothershim,doesrftit?11、当陈述句中的主语为somebody、someone>anybodyanyoneeverybodyeveryone>nobody>noone>these>those等时,反意疑问句中的主语用they。如:Somebodyknowsthesecret,don"tthey?Nobodylikesit,doesthey?Everybodyhasarrived,hasrTtthey?12、如果陈述句中出现表示否定意义的词,如few、little^noone>nobody>nothing>nowhere>hardlynever>seldom>rarely>scarcely等时,反意疑问句要用肯定式。如:Hehaslittlemoney,hashe?Noonecananswerit,canhe?Henevereatsmeat,doeshe?13、如果陈述句的否定词反带有否定前缀(un、il等)或否定后缀(less),反意疑问句要用否定式。如:Sheisunhappy,isn5tshe?Thatisuseless,isn5tit?14、如果陈述句中的谓语仅是含有否定意义的动词,反意疑问句要用否定式。如:Hefailedintheexam,didrTthe?Ineglectthesign,don^tI?15、如果陈述句中含有副词only时,反意疑问句中用否定形式或肯定形式均可。如:Hehasonlytendollarsinhispocket,hasn^t(has)he?16>陈述句主语为one时,反意疑问句的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you。如:Oneshouldbereadytohelpothers,shouldn?tone?Onecanbeone^sownmaster,carftone?17、陈述句的主语为两个并列主语,含有I时,应用we反意。如:
HeandImadetheplan,didn^twe?18、noneof…结构作主语时,反意疑问句谓语动词的数和人称,要同前面陈述部分谓语动词的数和人称保持一致。如:Noneofhispaintingsisgood,isit?(不可用arethey)Noneofpeoplelikesthefilm,doeshe?(不可用dothey)Noneofhisrelativesarerich,arethey?(不可用ishe)Noneofherguestshavearrived,havethey?(不可用hashe)19、当陈述句主语为eachof…结构时,反意疑问句的主语用he、she或it时强调“各个、各自";用we^you和they时强调"全体如:Eachoftheprojectsiscompleted,isn"tit?Eachofushaveapieceofcake,haven91we?20>neither...nor…在句中出现时,反意疑问句要用肯定式。如:HecanneitherspeakEnglishnorFrench,canhe?Sheisneitherbeautifulnorkind,isshe?21、感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式。在这种句子中,主语是人时用he或you等人称代词,主语是物时用it,这类反意疑问句多用升调。如:Whatbadweather,isiftit?Whatabeautifulflower,isn"tit?Whatacleverboy,isrfthe?Howdelicioustheturkeyis,isrftit?Howfastheruns,doesn^the?22、祈使句的反意疑问句一般用肯定式。①let"s引导的祈使句,其反意疑问句一般用“shallwe"。如:Lettgohome,shallwe?
Letthavearest,shallwe?①由letus引导的祈使句,其反意疑问句一般用"willyou^o如:Letusgohome,willyou?Letusdoitagain,willyou?②由动词原形引导的祈使句,其反意疑问句一般用“willyou",为了表示委婉、客气语气,还可以用wouldyou>won"tyou、canyou>couldyou>can"tyou。如:Openthedoor,willyou?Gotobed,willyou?Giveittome,canyou?③在否定祈使句后,只能用“willyou"。如:Doiftlookoutofthewindow,willyou?Neverforgettolockthedoor,willyou?④letus不是let"s,letus表示请求对方“让我们",意为“youletus"。再如:Lethimdoit,willyou?⑤以letme开头的祈使句,反意疑问句可用willyou或mayl。如:Letmehelpyou,willyou?Letmehaveashortrest,mayI?23、陈述句部分如果是并列句,附加部分的主语与第二个分句的主谓一致。如:Igooutandhewillremainathome,won"you?Imuststudyhardoryoucan^tworkwell,canyou?24、含有主语从句和表语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句。如果主语从句或表语从句由whether、if、who、what、whichwherewhen、how等引导,反意疑问句应对应于主语,如果主语是从句(主语从句),其后反意疑问句主语要用it。如:Whathelacksismoney,isiftit?
Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasn^tbedecided,hasit?Itisnaturalthathegotoakeycollege,isn^tit?25、当陈述句部分含有主从复合句时,附加部分的代词和助动词须与主句中主谓一致。如:Youneedn^tdoitwhenyourmailishere,needyou?Itwastheboythathelpedtheoldman,wasn^tit?It"sthesecondtimethatyouhavesungthatsong,isiftit?26、含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句。若陈述句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句的主语不是第一人称(I或we),反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语代词一般同主句的谓语动词和主语保持一致;但是,若陈述句为“1(we)(don"t)think、believe、suppose>expect>feel>reckon>imagine>fancyassume>figure等+宾语从句",反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语应同宾语从句的谓语动词和主语保持一致,如果主句是否定句,反意疑问句要用肯定式,反之亦然。如:Hethinksthatitwillraintomorrow,doesn"the?Ithinkthatitwillraintomorrow,woiftit?Theydon9tsupposethatthefilmismoving,dothey?Wedon"tsupposethatthefilmismoving,isit?另外,在“Itdoesn"tseemthat+句子""等类似结构中,反意疑问句的主语和谓语要同从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如:Itseemsthathepretendstobeaboss,doesifthe?Itdoesn"tseemthatyouareadoctor,areyou?27、修辞性问句(又称“共鸣疑问句"‘和“反应疑问句")在口语中表示惊奇、愤怒、讥讽、轻蔑、挑衅、威吓时,不需要对方回答。反意疑问句与陈述句用同样的肯定式或同样的否定谓语,并常接so、oh、ah开头,重复对方的话,之后再加上同样也是肯定或否定的附加疑问句,这叫“同向附加疑问句”。如:So,heisyourfather,ishe?Oh,thefilmiswonderful,isit?
一Idon"tlikematch.一Oh,youdorft,don^tyou?一Jimbroketheglass.一So,hedid,didhe?一Fveforgottenthemeeting.—Oh,youhave,haveyou?