2017高考英语语法填空解题指导及备考策略 11页

新课标高考英语语法填空解题指导及备考策略备考思路语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点：无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。具体策略：（一）、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；（二）、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，紺要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词（前缀）；（三）、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；（四）、不给词语填写限定词的吋候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。高考英语语法填空不给提示词范例：例:[2015课标II]TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.答案与分析：the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，因此用定冠词。例：【2015广东】Heownedfarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.答案与分析：ao名词farm前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。例：【2010广东】Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletstudenttastethewater.答案与分析：mother。上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水，当那个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生晶尝这泉水的味道。根据语境这里填写限定词anothere例：【2014广东】Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaidwasawonderfulholidaydestination.答案与分析：ito第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这里it代替前文提到过的Miami0例：【2015课标I】ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it"sonlyanhourawaycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.答案与分析by例：【2014课标II】Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.答案与分析：ando"Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop^是个完整的句子，"someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.^^也是个完整的句子，两句之.间是并列关系。例：【2012广东】hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong. 答案与分析：Although/Thougho这里有两个句子，“hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback”和“hewaswrong.",且两个句子之间没有分号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从句。例：【2015课标II]Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlythicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案与分析：how。因为“...thePuebloIndiansfiguredout”和“...theadobewallsneededtobe...”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词howo例：【2014广东】Ididn^tunderstandthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.答案与分析why例：[2015课标I]EdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.答案与分析that/which例:[2013广东】Hissonlookedsurprised,“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn"tpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,notsaveabitofmoney?"答案与分析why例：【2014课标II]Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”答案与分析Did总之，以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能，例题都来自于高考真题，具有代表性。无论试题如何变化，万变不离其宗，只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识，就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。高考英语语法填空有提示词范例：例：[2015课标I]FdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese(painting).答案与分析：paintingSo该词前面有限定词many,因此用复数形式。例：[2014课标I]Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.答案与分析：changes<>该词后面的动词是复数形式，因此change用复数形式。例：【2015课标I】Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris (clean)thanever.答案与分析cleaner例：[2015课标II]Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir(able)touaircondition^ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.答案与分析ability例：【2015课标II]As(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays・答案与分析natural例：【2015课标II]Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse・答案与分析slowly例.[2014课标I]Justbe(patience).答案与分析patient例：【2015课标II】Thiscycle(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(扌氐消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.答案与分析：goeso根据句中的时间状语dayafterday和后面的句子中使用的时态,可以确定该动词用一般现在吋态形式，主语是单数，因此动词用数三人称单数形式。例：[2015课标I]ItwasraininglightlywhenI(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.答案与分析：arrivedo所给动词arrive前是代词I,这里应该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去时态，因此这里用过去时态。例:[2015课标II】Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.答案与分析tocool例：[2015课标I]Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople(live)inShanghaiandHongKong・答案与分析living例：【2015课标I】Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld・答案与分析conducted例：【2010广东】Hespititout,(say)itwasawful. 答案与分析：sayingo在这里say前没有并列连词，因此可以推断不是并列谓语，是非谓语动词，又因为say与主语he的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词。参考练习一、考查词形转换1.Hemustbe(mental)disabled・2.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.3・Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight.4.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment(late)thatday.5.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir(nature)course.6.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfathe匚7.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom・8."Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours/9Nicksaid.9.44Butsuchasmallthingcouldn^t(possible)destroyavillage.”参考答案I.mentally2.warmly3.merrily4.later5.natural6.choice7・pleased8.reasonable9.possibly二、考查非谓语动词1.Hespititout,(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,(wear)sunglasses.4."Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday：5.Whileshewasgettingme(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.6.Forexample,theproverb,"pluckingupacrop(help)itgrow",isbasedonthefollowingstory・7.Shewishedthathewasaseasy(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume・参考答案1-7sayingsittingwearingthinkingsettledtohelptoplease三、考查谓语动词i寸态应语态1・Thesunwassettingwhenmycar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage・2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部)，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.3.Hewalkedinasifhe(buy)theschool.4・Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking/9Jane(infonn).5.Suddenly,he(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.参考答案1-5brokenpushedhadboughtwasinformedfound四、考查形容词或副词的比较级J1.Theteacherreplied,"Youtastedthewale匚IlasledthegifLThewaterwassimplythe containerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).^1.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”(high).3・Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn"tstopthekidsintheclass・参考答案1-3sweeterhigherharder2016年高考英语新课标I语法填空真题阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia"sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62_(aiTow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe—63(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64—mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmurecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month・oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew—69—(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,—70otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.2016年高考英语新课标I语法填空真题参考答案61.attraction62.wasallowed63.officially64.to65.when66.permitted67.introducing68・their69.days70.the2016年高考英语新课标II卷语法填空Ms：―•-44-弟一T阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或扌舌号内单词的正确形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识^>J)thoseof41(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoiTIlfeelarealsenseof42(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43(be)oftenacceptable・Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47(regular)・Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy. Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you"llbelesslikely49(bring)yourworkhome・Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,50(make)sureit^sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabou匚2016年高考英语新课标II卷语法填空参考答案41.greater42.achievement43.is44.on45•as46.studies47.regularly48.a49.tobring50.make2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试(新课标全国卷III)语法填空第二节(共10小题；每小题1・5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called"ricebowl"culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks・Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal・Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters・Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43(create)specialdesigns・TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots.44(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.Overtime.45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47livedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49_(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.(新课标全国卷III)语法填空参考答案41.and42.bemade43.tocreate44.using45.as46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.With(2015年新课标I卷语法填空真题)阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空。Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButI didn"tcare.Afewhours62.,I"dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.(it)chokingsmog・Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.FdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.(painting).Instead,I4dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it"sonlyanhouraway66.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity・Yangshuo67.(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers6&(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.2015年新课标{C}{C}I{C}{C}卷语法填空答案61.arrived62.before/earlier63.its64.that/which65.paintings66.by67.is68.conducted69.regularly70.living(2015年新课标II卷语法填空真题2015全国二卷)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房)—6J_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven62mostmodemofarchitectsandengineers-Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir63(able)to“aircondition^ahousewithout64(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat65(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse・Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough66(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:67thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle©8_(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(扌氐7肖)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As69(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly70thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays・2015年新课标{C}{C}II{C}{C}卷语法填空真题语法填空参考答案61.built参考解析：过去分词做定语62.the 参考解析：最高级前加the61.ability参考解析：（heir后接名词，able名词形式ability.62.using参考解析：介词后接动名词63.slowly参考解析：副词修饰动词giveout.66・tocool参考解析：形容词加enough后接不定式。65.at参考解析：atthesametime6&goes参考解析：根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。69・natural参考解析：形容词做定语修饰名词。69.how参考解析：根据句意，应用how连接宾语从句。2014年最新真题(2014年新课标I卷)第二节阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof63mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup・Buttheriverwasn5tchangedinafewdays64evenafewmonths.Ittook yearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thaneve匚Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy・Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon"tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don"tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70(patience)・2014年新课标{C}{C}II{C}{C}卷语法填空真题参考答案：was；actually；the；or；toreduce；cleaner；that/which；amazing；changes；patient.(20X4年新课标II卷语法填空真题)第二节阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout61(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,62someofthemlookedveryanxiousand63(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard・Igotaplacenext64thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike65(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms-Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedrivenbutherefused66(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop・Still,theboykept67(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoopupandasked,“68anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?"Awomanonthebusshouted,"Ohdear!Itis69(I)tShepushedherwaytothedriverandtothelittleboy.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone.Andthepassengers70(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanothe匚being;and;disappointed;to;caught;tostop;riding;Did;me/mine;suddenly.【例1]对话体(2014年新课标全国卷《考试说明》样题)Mum:(puttingonhercoat)Tmgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread・Alan:Why?Mum:I"mnotsurewhat[(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2Iwenttoanswerthephone・Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey"re3(go).Alan:Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.Pmsurehewasinthekitchen4(early).Mum:No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5(make)them,sohecouldn"thavedoneit.6,hecouldn"tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennis stuff,soFmsure7wasn"thim.Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn"tme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8fridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness・I9haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear・Ireallymustbelosingmy10•Now,whydidIputonmycoat?【答案与解析】这是一篇对话。妈妈健忘，她接电话冋来时，认为面包被人拿走了，故穿上大衣要去买面包。结果阿兰发现她把面包放进了冰箱里。妈妈在知道面包在冰箱吋，竟然又忘了自己为什么要穿上大衣……。1.happened考查动词时态。根据语境分析，该句句意：我不确定岀什么事了。happen是指过去的动作，故用过去时态。2.when考查连词。根据语境分析，该句句意为：我早就做好了些三明治，把它们放在桌子上，此时就去接电话了。when在此处为并列连词，意为“这时；此时”。while当……时，从句谓语动词多为延续性，且在句中不能修饰句子谓语动词made...andleft...,故不用while引导时间状语从句。3.gone考查分词形容词。由上文的Butsomeonemusthavetakenthem即可分析，后面解释的原因该是：因为面包不见了。而动词go的过去分词形式gone恰好可认为是形容词，含有“离去的；不见的；过去的""之意。故填入gone。4.earlier考查形容词。由上文的Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.分析,I"msurehewasinthekitchen是在“之前”。故该填入形容词early的比较级earlier,表示“之前，早些时候”，符合语境。5.making考查非谓语动词。由句式结构和遣词造句分析，finish后需接动名词作宾语。故填入动词make的动名词形式。6.Anyway/Besides考查副词。句意：无论如何，他也不可能除了带上网球用品外，再带上一盘子三明治，因此我敢肯定不是他。根据语境可知anyway符合句意，而副词besides含有“此外”之意，也符合语境，但两个单词在书写时必须首字母大写。7.it考查代词。由上文的Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.的语境也可分析，此处该用人称代词it,即强调“心中所指"的人。8.the考查冠词。此处为特定的表达，即特指家里的冰箱，故用定冠词the。9.must考查情态动词。由上文的语境leftthemonthetable也"J分析，此处该是表示对过去的肯定推测，故用musthavedone,即表示“对过去事情的肯定推测”。此句句意：电 话响的吋候，我一定是把它们放在那里了。故填入情态动词must。1.mind/memory根据语境可知，妈妈什么都不记得了，故认为自己失去了“记忆覽