英语语法讲解----定语从句1 65页

TheAttributiveClause定语从句讲解 定语从句：在整个句子中相当于一个形容词，对某一名词或代词起着修饰作用，作定语。1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词先行词与关系词是等量关系。①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 限制性定语从句的构成Theoldladywholivesnexttoussellsbooks.YoushoulddoallthatIsaid.IhavefoundtheteatherwhomIamlookingfor.Ivisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.关系代词关系副词先行词之后,用陈述式语序“….的”关系词1.从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法:3.构成 先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.先行词和关系词的关系 Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachine Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质amachinethat/which 关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.herTheladywesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that 指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略 关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot. 关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeak.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly attechildren and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ? 宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时 关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you knowMr.Smithwhose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）关系代词常出现在thesame…as,such…as,so…as,as…as等结构中ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfather’spupils.★thesame…that…和thesame…as…的区别Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块） （2）as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Marywaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.★as指代一句话和which指代一句话的用法区别which则不需要，例如：Themandiedlastnight,whichisalie.as替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别①such … that …引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that …引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat. 难用的whoseTheteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.whose=thestudent’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 难用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken 非限制性定语从句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:形式作用能否省略翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释不能能….的 关系副词when与where、why,how,that(非正式)when指时间= in / at / on / during whichwhere指地点= in / at / from / whichwhy指原因= for whichHow指方式=bywhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 必须注意的问题（1）、关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：Theboywhoisstandingatthedoorismyson.在oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveeverbeenwrittenonthesubject.在“theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooksthathaseverbeenwrittenonthesubject. 区别定语从句与强调句①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum thatisnearschool.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）——He was nearly drowned once.——When was _______?——____ was in 1998 ______he was in middle school. A. that; It; when B. this; This; when C. this; It; that D. that; It; that[简析]：本题答案为A。由于定语从句的干扰作用，相当一部分考生选了D。这样就成了It was in 1998 that he was in middle school.这样就成了一个强调句型，意为“是在1998年他上的中学”，孤立地看本句虽成立，但联系上下文来看，却属“所问非所答”。因为上文问的是“他何时差点每被淹死？”而非“何时上的中学”。原来when是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰1998。定语从句whenhe was in middle school干扰了强调句型中的that结构。 定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“。。。的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分)Wedon’tbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday. 定语从句与状语从句①Heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)②Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace)③Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句)④Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句,such…that…“如此…以致…” 定语从句与主语从句①Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)②ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句) 关系词在从句中省略的情况①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）　 （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对）I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 　　而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语) Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which as引导的非限制性定语从句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.Itwhich/asAsItas具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定语从句在句首时只能用as, as引导的非限制性定语从句(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。 as引导的限制性定语从句(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句) 介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin 介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright? 介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后 介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗? 1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2. Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4. Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5. Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词+关系代词的情况练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich 6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7. Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_______peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich 1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等只能用that做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中 在非限制性定语从句中只能用which做关系代词的情况在介词后面 1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.Exercisethat,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat that,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Isthereanythingelse_______youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_______hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.13.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_______motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhichwhomwhose Byebye!Byebye! 练习题1.Thefactory__________hismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.where答案：D．关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语．2.Theplace__________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich答案：A．关系代词which代theplace,在定语从句中作主语，所以不能选B，D．如不用Ｔheplace就选C，主语从句．＊归纳：在学习定语从句时不要一看到表示地点的字眼就选where或inwhich等。3.Pleasemakeamark________youdon’tunderstand.A.whereB.inwhichC.atwhichD.that答案：A．where引导地点状语从句。4.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.thatB.C.whomD.bothAandB答案D先行词为thingsandpersons为人和事，只能用that,因为作宾语，故可省。 5.All________hastobedoneeverydayistolistenandtorepeatwhathedoes.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.he答案A先行词all为不定代词，只能用that,不能用which.此外还有先行词为anything,everything,nothing,any,little,one,few,much,none等，如：（1）Thereisn’tmuchthatIcando.（2）Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.6.Thisisthebiggestlibrary______wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.one答案C当先行词由形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时用that.7Thisisthefirstplace_______I’veevervisited.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.which答案C当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时用that.8.Isthistheverymuseum______youvisitedtheotherday?A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where答案B当先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时用that9.Sheiswearingthesamedress______sheworeyesterday.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which答案C当先行词被thesame修饰，且指“同一物品”时用that.10.Heisnottheman_____hewas.A.whatB.thatC.asD.who答案B关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that. 11.Whichisthebook______youboughtyesterday?A.whichB.thatC.whatD.theone答案B当主语从句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时用that.12.Ihavethesamebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what答案Athesame与as搭配，请与第九题比较。13.Doyouhavesuchabook______hehas?A.asB.thatC.whichD.what答案Aas与关系代词such搭配14._______isknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.That答案B关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，带地球绕月亮转这件事，表“正如”。不可用which15._______isknowntoallthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.That答案AIt为形式主语，不可用that. 16.Hewaslatethismorning,_______madetheteacherangry.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what答案为Bwhich用于非限定性定语从句，无先行词，代替“他迟到”这件事。不用as因为无“正如”的意思。17.Soonwearrivedattheschool,infrontof_____grewalotofflowers.A.itB.thatC.whereD.which答案D关系代词前用介词或短语介词指物品时只能用which.18.Hewroteseveralsongslastyear,andthreeof_____wereverypopularamongyoungpeople.A.themB.whichC.whatD.that答案A此句不是从句，而是用and连接的并列句，故用them.19.Soonwecametoasmallhouse;______stoodaverytalltree.A.infrontofthatB.infrontofitC.infrontofwhichD.inthefrontofit答案B因为前面用“；”，前后两个是独立单句，不能用关系代词。20.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,_____thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.A.forwhichB.ofwhichC.thatD.what答案Boneexampleofthestories 21.Theoldmanhasadaughter,_____abetterdaughterdoesnotexist.A.ofwhichB.withwhomC.whoseD.thanwhom答案D定语从句为abetterdaughterthanwhomdoesnotexist.为了句子结构严谨，thanwhom调到定语从句前。22.Doyouremembertheday_____wespent_____climbingMountTailastsummer?A.;goingB.when;ingoingC.onwhich;goingD.which;togo答案A关系代词作宾语时可省去，前空可用that,which或，后空可用going或ingoing.23.I’llneverforgetthedays____weplayedtogetherinourchildhood.A.whichB.thatC.D.when答案D因为play为不及物动词，可用onwhich或when.24.Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hegotuptoolate.A.why,thatB.that,whyC.why,becauseD.that,because答案AHewaslateforthereason.forthereason用关系副词why来代替,后面用that引导表语从句，不能用because.25.Thereason______hetoldussoundsreasonable.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forwhich答案A句子结构为hetoldusthereason,关系代词that作told的直接宾语。 26.Thenews______hehaswonthemedalistrueA.thatB.whichC.D.what答案Athat连接同位语从句，而不是定语从句。27.Thenews______hetoldusisnottrue.Whichisnotright?A.thatB.whichC.D.what答案为D，这是定语从句，关系代词which或that作told的宾语也可省28.Thehouse_____havebeenbroken_____toberepaired.A.whichwindows,needsB.whosewindow,needsC.thewindowofit,needD.thewindowsofwhich,needs答案D可用D或windows，但不可用whichwindows.29.Thechildren____parentsdiedhasjustbeensenttoanorphan’shouse.A.hisB.thatC.whoseD.which答案C不能用his，因为必须要关系代词引导定语从句。30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______latethismorning.A.whoisB.whowasC.whoareD.whowere答案为B因为先行词为theonlyone,故用单数。 31.Heisoneoftheteachers___________praisedbythegovernmentatthemeeting.A.whomwereB.whowasC.whomwasD.whowere答案为D，关系代词who的先行词为theteachers为复数32.I,______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis答案为B，因为关系代词who的先行词为I33.Isthisbook______youreferredtoatthemeeting?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.what答案为C，本句无先行词，必须补上先行词theone，关系代词that作referredto的宾补，故可省34.Isthisfactory______hismotherworked?Tenyearsago.Whichcan’tbeused?A.theoneB.whereC.theonewhereD.theoneinwhich答案为A，用B，该句为表语从句，用C、D该句为定语从句35.Plantsgrowwell______thereisenoughsunlightandwater.A.whereB.inwhichC.intheplaceD.with答案为A，用where引导地点状语从句。 36.Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoyourmother.A./B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich答案为A，当定语从句的先行词是theway（方式）时，引导定语从句的关系词用inwhich/that，也可以省略。37.Isthisthehouse______onceLuXunlivedinhischildhood?A.theoneB.whereC.whichD.that答案为B，先行词为thehouse38.Has______mustbedonebeendone?A.allB.allthatC.thatD.it答案为B，也可用what连接主语从句，allthat为定语从句39.Thoseforeignteachers,mostof______haveneverbeentochinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhaveverymuch.A.whoB.whomC.themD.that答案为B，mostofwhom为主语，但whom作介词of的宾语。40.______youmetMr.Greenforthefirsttime?A.whereitwasthatB.wasitwherethatC.wherewasitthatD.wherewasitwhere答案为C，应为强调句，对Itwasinthestreetthatyoumet….进行提问即可得到。 41.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around______highmountains.A.whichwas              B.itwas     C.whichwere             D.themwere答案是C，aroundwhichwerehighmountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是highmountains，aroundwhich是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was.42.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand？”A.that                   B.which     C.where                  D.what答案为C。若选A此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？43._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It                     B.As     C.That                   D.What答案是B。as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。44.Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.A.that                  B.who     C.as                    D.whom答案为C，因为在such…that…（如此……以至……）结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such…that…，句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like后有自己的宾语him：45Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.whom              B.them     C.which             D.who答案为A。 46.Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.them              B.whom     C.which             D.who答案为A。47.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.A.whom              B.them     C.which             D.who答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：48.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.their              B.whose     C.which              D.that答案是A.与上面一题相似，theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：49.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.their              B.whose     C.which              D.that选B.whoseparentswereseatedtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语wereseated.50.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_______parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.their              B.whose     C.which              D.that选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。 51.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssittingtogetherjoking.A.their              B.whose     C.which              D.that选A.theirparentssittingtogetherjoking为独立主格结构。52.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssattogetherjoking.A.their              B.whose     C.which              D.that选B.whoseparentssattogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat.53.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.A.their              B.whose     C.which              D.that选B.whoseparentsweresittingtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语weresitting.54．Ifthemanisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_____justshowshowshallowheis.A.as                  B.which     C.what                D.that答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：（1）Ifyoupromisetogowithus,_____willbeOK.A.as                  B.which     C.andit              D.that（2）Whetheryougoornot,_______isquiteallrightwithme.A.that                B.which     C.andit              D.so 精编陷阱题训练1.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_______intheforest.A.oncetheygrew      B.theygrewonce     C.theyoncegrew      D.oncegrew2.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm,_____manypeoplehavegonehome.A.that                B.which     C.whosetime          D.bywhichtime3.Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork？A.heexplained        B.whatheexplained     C.howheexplained    D.whyheexplained4.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.it                 B.that     C.this               D.which5.Whenhewasworkingtherehecaughtaseriousillnessfrom_____effortshestillsuffers.A.which              B.that     C.whose              D.what6.It’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one______hecangetmoremoneytosupporthisfamily.A.when              B.where     C.that              D.which7.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.which            B.that     C.whose            D.when 8.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry_____wisely.A.spendingit      B.tospendit     C.tospend         D.spendingthat9.Theoldbuilding,behind_______wasafamouschurch,was_______weusedtowork.A.that,theplace        B.it,theplace     C.which,where           D.what,where10.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity：schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_______othervisitorsseldomgo.A.what            B.which     C.where           D.when11.ThemodernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,______thecountrybecameunited.A.when            B.if     C.since           D.until12.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_____intheforest.A.oncetheygrew        B.theygrewonce     C.thatoncegrew        D.oncegrew13.Youcouldseetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.A.which          B.where     C.that           D.when14.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice            B.thepriceofwhich     C.itsprice              D.thepriceofwhose15.Whathaveyougot_____willhelpacold？A.what          B.that     C.it            D.who 16.HewasveryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketome.A.how           B.that     C.what          D.which17.Doyouknowthemanfrom________housethepictureswerestolen？A.which         B.that     C.what          D.whose18.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.why           B.which     C.as            D.where19.Isthisallthatyouneed？Ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverythingyou_____.A.want          B.wanted     C.hadwanted    D.arewanting20.Imettheteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago.A.which         B.when     C.where         D.who21.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where         B.which     C.while         D.why22.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis          B.whichIthinkitis     C.whichIthinkit          D.Ithinkis23.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.who                       B.which     C.this                      D.what 24.Theirproblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyearsago.A.that                      B.which     C.thatwhich                D.it25.Isawsometreestheleavesof_____wereblackwithdisease.A.that                      B.which     C.it                        D.what26.Thefamousbasketballer,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.where                    B.when     C.which                    D.who27.Whentheywentintotheshopandaskedtolookattheengagementrings,thegirlbroughtoutacheaperone,_______shehadarrangedwithJames.A.thewhichwaswhat       B.whatwasthat     C.whichwaswhat           D.thatwasthat 答案与解析◆1.选C.先行词是those，可视为thoseflowers之省略。theyoncegrew前省略了关系代词which.全句意为：这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。2.选D.bywhichtime引出的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中bywhichtime相当于andbythattime.3.选A.注意不能选D，因为动词explained缺宾语。4.选D.which指theroadmap.5.选C.fromwhoseeffortshestillsuffers为修饰aseriousillness的定语从句，whose在定语从句中用作定语，修饰efforts.6.选B.where引导定语从句修饰one.注：one在此指anewjob.类似地，下面一题的答案是C，因为onethat相当于aproblemthat：Theproblemis_____hascausedusalotoftrouble.A.one                                                     B.thatC.onethat                                               D.thatone7.选D.先行词是表时间的age（时代），由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用when. 8.选C.该句的正常词序为Wewilltrytospendthelittletimewehavetogetherwisely.9.选C.第一空填which，指theoldbuilding；第二空填where，用以引导表语从句。10.选C.先行词是地点名词places，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用where.11.选A.when引导的是非限制性定语从句。12.选C.thatoncegrewintheforest为修饰those的定语从句。13.选B.where在此相当于theplacewhere.14.选B.thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable为非限制性定语从句，其中的thepriceofwhich相当于anditsprice或andthepriceofit.假若空格前有并列连词and，则可选C.15.选B.thatwillhelpacold为修饰what的定语从句。比较：Haveyougotanythingthatwillhelpacold？以及I’vegotnothingthatwillhelpacold.16.选B.theway后不接how引导的从句，换句说，how不是关系代词或关系副词，不能引导定语从句。以theway为先行词的定语从句通常用that或inwhich来引导，在非正式文体中也可省略that和inwhich. 17.选D.fromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen为修饰theman的定语从句，whose在定语从句中用作定语，修饰house.18.选D.先行词是manycases，关系副词where=inwhich.19.选A.尽管句中用了ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverything这样的虚拟语气句子，但修饰everything的定语从句（that）youwant却要用陈述语语气，因为它是回答前面Isthisallthatyouneed？这一提问的。20.选D.因定语从句缺主语，且关系代词指人，故选D.21.选A.where所引导的为修饰adangeroussituation的定语从句。22.选A.选项中的Ithink是插入语，若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。23.选B.ofcourse为插入语，若将项其去掉，则答案显然是B.24.选C.thatwhich相当于theproblemwhich.25.选B.theleavesofwhich相当于whoseleaves.26.选D.先行词是Thefamousbasketballer（著名的篮球明星），故要用who来引导定语从句，因为其余三项均不用于指人。27.选C.which引导一个非限制性定语从句，其中which指代acheaperone，且在定语从句中用作主语。whichwaswhat中的what引导一个表语从句，它相当于theonethat.