师范大专《英语语法与写作》教案教案12不定式ii 4页

Lecture12Infinitive(II)Thislectureisconcernedwithcombinationsofinfinitiveswithadjectives,nouns,andverbs-11.1Adjective+infinitive(作主语的补语)Here“adjective+infinitive”referstothecombinationthatactsascomplementinSVCpatterns.Semantically,thesecombinationsfallintothreetypes,eachofwhichcontainsseveralsub-types.(不定式与形容词构成的形容词词组作主语补语，这类形容词都是一些动态形容词)TypeIThesubjectofthemainclauseisalsothelogicalsubjectoftheinfinitive.1)Adjectivesshowingemotionalfeeling(happy,glad,sorry,content,pleased,surprised)Johnwasverypleasedtobegiventhejob.Johnwasverypleasedwhenhewasgiventhejob・2)Adjectivesshowinggoodorbadluck.(lucky,fortunate,unlucky)Hewasfortunatetoescapebeinginjuredintheaccident,fHewasfortunatethathewasabletoescapebeinginjuredintheaccident.Hewasunluckynottowinthegame・—Hewasunluckythathecouldn，twinthegame<3)Adjectivesshowingmentalstateorpersonalattitude.(anxious,determinedready,keen)rmdeterminedtofinishtheworktonight.—I"mdeterminedthatIwillfinishtheworktonight.He"sanxioustoseeher.fHe，sanxiousthathehopetoseeher.Note:Ifthesubjectofthemainclauseisnotthelogicalsubjectoftheinfinitive,thelogicalsubjectshouldbeexpressedwithanintroductoryfor.I"mafraidforhertogoswimmingalone・fI’mafraidwhenshewillgoswimmingalone・1)Adjectivesshowingcharacterorbehavioraltrait.(foolish,careless,thoughtful,stupid表示人的行为表现和性格待征的形容词变成IT句型时用of引出形容词的逻辑主语。)Youarekindtosayso.—Itiskindofyoutosayso.Theywerethoughtfultocomehomeearly・—Itwasthoughtfulofthemtocomehomeearly.TypeIIInthistypeofSVCpattern,thesubjectofthemainclauseisthelogicalobjectoftheinfinitive・Here,theadjectivesaregenerallystativeadjectives•(静态形容词interesting,expensive,useful,dangerous) Thisriverisdangeroustobathein.—Tobatheinthisriverisdangerous.—Itisdangeroustobatheinthisriver.Butthereareconstructionsofthesametypethatcannotbesotransformed:Thecoffeeisbittertotaste.*Totastethecoffeeisbitter.TypeIIIThesubjectofthemainclausemaybethelogicalsubjectorlogicalobjectoftheinfinitive•Thesebooksareeasytosell.-^Itiseasytosellthesebooks・Thesebooksselleasily.(这类形容词往往变成了副词)Inmostcased,theadjectivecanbeturnedintoacorrespondingadverbindeepstructure・Hewashesitanttotakeaction.—Hetookactionhesitantly・11.1Noun(phrase)+infinitive(不定式作定语)SemanticrelationsSemantically,thenoun(phrase)andtheinfinitivethatfollowsmayformdifferentrelations,forinstance,asubject-verbrelation,averb-objectrelation,appositiontotheinfinitive.subject-verbrelation:Jimwasthelastguesttoarrive・(=whoarrived)Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor.(=thatcanunlockthedoor)Hewastheonlyonetosurvivethecrash・verb-objectrelationHehasalargefamilytosupport・Weareinneedofnursestolookafterthechildren.我们需要保育员來照看这些孩子。Note:Inthecastofanintransitiveinfinitive,anappropriateprepositionshouldbeadded.(彳心左工弋为及物动词，其后要加介词) Thereisnothingtotalkabout.Theyhavenohappinesstospeakof.他们没有幸福可言。Childrenusepencilstowritewith.孩子们用铅笔写字。appositiontotheinfinitiveTheirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.verb-adverbialrelationHegavemeaweektomakeupmymind•他给我一周的时间来下决心。Infinitive一activeorpassiveAspostmodification,theinfinitivemayappearinactiveorpassivevoice・Givemealistofpeopletoinvite(tobeinvited).Therearesomeproblemstosolve(=tobesolved)Note:当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系，并且与句子的主语在意思上有主谓关系时，虽然表示的意思为被动，但却用主动形式。F11showyourightpathtotake.Wehavemanydifficultiestoovercome・当不定式作表语(或宾补)形容词的状语，又与句屮的主语(或宾语)有逻辑上的动宾关系时，虽然不定式有被动意义，但只能用主动形式。Somebooksareinterestingtoread,butboringtoleam.Theyfoundthesubjecthardtounderstand・"Noun+infinitive"vs"noun+preposition+-ing^(refertoSTP347)11.1Verb+infinitiveSomeverbscanbefollowedbyaninfinitivetoformaverb-objectrelation,thatis,theinfinitivefunctionsastheobjectoftheverb.Verb+infinitiveHeclaimedtobetheownerofthecar.(=Heclaimedthat...) Verb+object+infinitive有一些动词必须先带宾语然后果再不定式，而不能直接带不定式。主要有以下五类动词：1)verbsofperceptionorsenseverbssuchassee,hear,watch,feel,etc.Didyouseehimenterthebuilding?1)Causativeverbs:Don"tforgettohaveyourchildrencomewithyou.2)phrasalverbssuchasarrangefor,askfor,relyon,etc.:FIIarrangeforyourtomeetthemanager.3)verbsshowingmentalstatesuchasconsider,declare,findprove,think,believe,discover(其后的不定式总带to,通常是tobe；在consider,declare,find,prove,think等动词后的lobe可以省略；但是如果不定式是完成体形式，就不可省略；都可转换成that分句。)Ibelievehimtobereliable.Weconsideredhim(tobe)foolish.Weconsideredhimtohavebeenfoolish.Wesometimesimagineadesertisland(tobe)asortofparadise,wherethesunalwaysshines.我们有时把荒岛想像成乐园一样的地方，那里终日阳光普照。Iconsiderhim(tobe)mybestfriend・4)verbshavingtheforceof“advice”,“permission”,“forbiddance”，suchasadvise,allow,forbid,permit,recommend,require,urge(这类动词也可直接带・ing分词，有的如recommend,require,urge也可接that分句)MyparentswonJtallowmetostayoutlate.我的父母不允许我在外面待得很晚。Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.Iadvisedgivingupsmoking・Theyrequiredthatwe(should)gettherebeforenine.Verb+(object)+infinitiveWithsomeverbssuchasask,can"tbear,hate,intend,like,prefer,want,etc,theobjectisoptional,thatis,theseverbscanoccureitherintheuverb+infinitivenconstructionorinthe"verb+object+infinitivevpattem.(其中大多数也可接that分句，有的可接・ing分词)Doyouintendtomakealongstaythere?Wedidn^tintendthemtoactlikethat.Hehatedthatpeopleshouldbesoselfish.Ihatetroublingyouabouttrifles.