初中英语语法专项：简单句知识点学案（附练习答案） 13页

简单句概念：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。一，根据句子的结构分类：①主谓Thesunisrising.Thetrainhasleft.②主系表wearestudents.Thefishhasgonebad.③主谓宾sheiswritingaletter.④主谓间接宾语+直接宾语shegavemeabook.Hetoldusalie.⑤主谓宾+宾补hemadeuslaugh.13/13 Ihearsomeonesinging.①therebe句型thereisabookonthedesk.Thereare50studentsinourclass.二，根据句子作用分类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句1，陈述句用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法。①肯定式Mydaughterhasgraduadtedfromschool.②否定式1),be和助动词will,,have情态动词can,shall,should后直接加not.Mikewillnotgothere.2),行为动词，借助don’t,doesn’t,didn’tShedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.3)注意：allboth与not连用表半否定Allthesebooksarenotmine.这些书并非都是我的。2，疑问句分为四种，一般疑问，特殊疑问，反义疑问，选择疑问。13/13 1），一般疑问句用yes,no来回答。Issheateacher?Yes,sheis.2)，特殊疑问句WhenwillyougotovisittheGreatWall?Whoisintheroom?（who作主语）Whydon”tyou…?表建议3),反义疑问句分俩类：①陈述句+疑问部分（前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定）Hedoesn’tlikesports,doeshe?注意：前有否定词缀时，Hedislikessports,doesn”the?前含有never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nothing,等否定词时，HehardlyknowsEnglish,doeshe?13/13 前有Idon”tthink(believe,suppose,expect)时，Idon”tthinkhecanfinishthework,canhe?ShethinksIcanfinishthework,doesn”tshe?①肯定式+肯定疑问祈使句时Haveacupoftea,willyou?Let’sgothere,shallwe?请对方证实Yourbikeisoutside,isit?反义疑问句的回答，事实肯定用yes,事实否定用noJapanisinEurope,isn”tit?No,itisn”t.Japanisn”tinEurope,isit?No,itisn”t4），选择疑问句Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?13/13 1，祈使句表示命令，请求，建议Getup.Comein,please.Don’tbeafraid.Let’sgohomeDon’tletthedogcomeintotheroom.4,感叹句How引导.（修饰形容词或副词）What引导（修饰中心词是名词，前可能有形容词修饰）HowfluentlyhespeaksEnglish!Whatfineweather!注意冠词位置：Whatamovingstory!Howmovingastory！三，句子成分主谓宾定状补，表，同位语1,主语13/13 句子所说的人和物Wegetupatsixinthemorning.2,谓语说明主语的动作或状态,动词充当HeplaysfootballonSunday.3,宾语谓语动词的动作对象，介词后，或动词后Theflooddestroyedmanyhouses.分俩种，指人的是直接宾语，指物的是间接宾语Myparentsgavemeapresentonmybirthday.4,定语用来修饰名词，意思是“...的”Thebookonthedeskismine.Thatisaninterestingstory.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?5,状语修饰动词，或形容词，或句子，表时间，地点，原因，目的，程度，结果等13/13 WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft,Shecomesheretoborrowsomebooks.6,宾语补足语位于宾语后，补充说明宾语Thebadnewsmadehersad.7,表语系动词后，Wearehappy.Themusicsoundsnice.Hebecameateacherattheageof20.8,同位语说明前面名词表示的具体内容Westudentsmuststudyhard.9,therebe句型注意主语后定语的结构Thereisamanwaitingforyou.Therewere20peoplekilledintheaccident.Thereissomethingimportanttodealwith.13/13 辨析：Therebe:某地有某物Have:拥有Thereare4membersinmyfamily.Ihaveabrotherandasister.简单句练习题一、划分句子成分1.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.ABC2.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABC3.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD13/13 1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.AB2.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewasyoung.ABCD3.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD4.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCDE5.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD6.TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDE7.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCD一、变换句型1.Hedidhishomeworklastnight.（变否定句）2.Robertisastudent.（变否定句）13/13 1.Itiscoldonthemoonatnight.（变一般疑问句）2.WehadaphysicstestlastWednesday.（就划线部分提问）3.Shehassupperatsix.（变反意疑问句）一、单项选择1.hegaveyou!A.whatgoodadviceB.howgoodadviceC.whatagoodadviceD.howgoodadvices2.---didn’tyouenjoytheperformancelastnight?-----______.itwaslesswonderfulthanexpected.A.Yes,Idid.B.Yes,Ididn’tC.No,Ididn’tD.No,Idid3.ItisthethirdtimethatJhonhasbeenlate,________?A.Hasn’theB.isn’theC.Isn’titD.hasn’tit13/13 4.Tom_____swimmingincoldwater.A.notlikeB.likesnotC.doesn’tlikeD.doeslikenot5.waitaminute________?A.shallyouB.willyouC.doyouD.don’tyou6.Thesuit’sfinished________?A.Don’titB.isn’titC.Haven’titD.don’tyou7.idon’tthinkhewillcometoourparty________?A.willheB.won’theC.doesheD.doi8.________downtheradio!Thebabyisasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurningD.Turn9.sinceyouhaverepairedmytvset,____isnoneedformetobuyanewone.A.ItB.thereC.thisD.that10.shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhour.13/13 A.ArrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived11.shedislikethisskirt_______?A.Doesn’tsheB.doesn’tsheC.Isn’tsheD.isshe12.---_____isyourfather.---heisateacherinamiddleschool.A.WhatB.whoC.whichD.where13.---howisyourfather?---_____?A.Heisfine,thankyou!B.Heisonly40.C.HeisadriverD.Helikesfootballbest.14.--________haveyoubeenawayfromhome?---Ihavebeenawayfromhomeforfivemonths.A.HowmuchB.howlongC.WhattimeD.when15.let’stakearest,_______?13/13 A.WillweB.shallweC.Shan’tweD.won’twe答案：1—5ACCCB6—10DADBD11—15BAABB13/13