高考英语语法专项：定语从句详细讲解及练习答案 22页

定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1.连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。IgaveherallthemoneythatIhad.我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that连接先行词money和定语从句Ihad）2.替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。Themanwholivesnextdoorisafamousteacher.住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who替代theman）3.成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。IlikepictureswhicharepaintedinthetraditionalChinesestyle.我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。A．Who指人，在定语从句中作主语。(在口语或非正式文体中,可代替whom做宾语、表语）Whatwasthenameofthemanwholentyouthemoney?借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词theman）Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）Thechairmanofthemeeting,whospokefirstsatonmyright.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词thechairman）B．Whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面22/22 只能用whom。Therearesomepeoplewhom/whowelikeandotherswhom/whowedislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people,others）Thepeoplewhom/whoIworkwithareallfriendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词thepeople）Mr.Carter,whomIspoketoonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinourplan.Mr.Carter,towhomIspokeonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinourplan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）C．Whose指人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）D．Which1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。Englishisalanguagewhichiseasytolearn.英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）Thechildrenlikecookies(which)mywifemakes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于andthis。Jimpassedhisdrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是thedrivingtest）Sheilacouldn"tcometotheparty,whichwasapity.22/22 希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是theparty）3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。Johnstayedhereforaweek,duringwhichtimewevisitedtheWestLaketogether.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。Itmightsnowthisweekend,inwhichcasewewon"tgotoBeijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E．That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词theman，作主语）Idon"tlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语）Thedress(that)Annboughtdoesn’tfitherverywell.安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词thedress，that作宾语可省略）Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略）提示：在口语中，that有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when或介词+which结构。Welefttheday(that)hearrived.他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that替when）Hedoesn"tseethingstheway(that)weseethem.他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that代替inwhich）Imaginethespeed(that)hedriveshiscar!很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that代替atwhich）Exercise:用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空：Themanyoumetjustnowismyoldfriend.Themaniswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.④That"sthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.22/22 答案：1.whom/who/that2.who/that3whom4.whoseF．其他关系代词as和but也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。1．Asas可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。①在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such,so,thesame修饰的先行词之后。Suchmenasheardhimweredeeplymoved.听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语）I"veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）Heliftedsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecanlift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）注意：suchas引导的定语从句与suchthat引导的状语从句的区别Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定语从句）他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明的孩子。Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(状语从句）他是如此聪明的孩子以至于人人都喜欢他。第一个句子为定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子为状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。比较：在thesame…as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，thesame…as和…同样的，强调相同;thesame…that注重同一。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary"swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that指的是与先行词同一事物）②在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，有时还可以插入主句中，一般用逗号与主句分开；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。Aseveryoneknows,TaiwanbelongstoChina.=Asisknowntoeveryone,TaiwanbelongstoChina.=TaiwanbelongstoChina,as/whichisknowntoeveryone.22/22 =ItisknowntoeveryonethatTaiwanbelongstoChina.(主语从句，it是形式主语）=WhatisknowntoeveryoneisthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句）众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.结果天气很好，超出了我们的预料。Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected(notexpected).他迟到了，这是意料之外的。（定语从句是否定句用which）Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，这是在预料之中。（定语从句是被动语态常用as）必背：一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。asisknowntoall这是众所周知的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生2．Butbut作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于thatnot,whonot或whichnot。Thereisnotasinglestudentinmyclassbutwouldliketostudymore.我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（but=whonot）Thereareveryfewbutareagainstwar.很少人不反对战争。（but=whonot）Exercise:用as,which,it,what,that填空：⑤Heissuchalovelystudenteveryonelikes.⑥Heissuchalovelystudenteveryonelikeshim.⑦isknowntousallisthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.⑧isknowntousallthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.22/22 ⑨isknowntousall,Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.⑩Thatstudentthattheteacherthinksbestplayedtruant(逃学）yesterday,madetheteacherverydisappointed.答案：5.as6.that7.What8.It9.As10.whichG．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。1.介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom,which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that,who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。Heisamanofrichexperience,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.=Heisamanofrichexperience,whommuchcanbelearnedfrom.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。Theschoolinwhichheonceworkedisakeyschool.=Theschool(which/that)heonceworkedinisakeyschool.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIamworkingpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.=ThemanagerwhosecompanyI"mworkinginpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2．介词+关系代词的常见结构①介词+which/whomThisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。Fortunatelywehadamap,withoutwhichwewouldhavegotlost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。②名词+of+which/whomPleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whosecover）③数词+of+which/whom22/22 She"sgotthreeluckypens,twoofwhichsheneveruses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。④代词+of+which/whomInthebasketIfindmanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。⑤最高级+of+which/whomChinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。⑥介词+which+名词Heusuallyreturnshomeatten,atwhichhourhisfatherlocksallthedoorsandwindows.他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。Hiswifegotseriouslyill,inwhichcasehehadtogiveupthechanceofgoingabroad.他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。3．关系代词前介词的选择在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim"swatchandDella"shair.他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feelproudof是固定搭配词组）Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turntosb.forhelp是固定搭配词组）②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。I"llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(theday前面一般用介词on)Canyouimagineapropersituationinwhichtheexpressioncanbeused?你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(asituation前面一般用in)22/22 ③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。Isthatthehouseinwhichyouoncelived那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(Liveinthehouse)④根据所要表达的意思来确定。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoallthatIcantohelpyou.我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一切所能来帮你。Thefamily,whoarefondofmusic,gototheconcertonceamonth.这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。HeisoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeakEnglishwell.他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。（oneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeaksEnglishwell.他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。（the(only)one/theveryone/therightoneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）Exercise:11.Thebra高考资源网veman,thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter.A.ofwhomB.bythatC.bywhomD.bywhich12.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______hecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom13.Mrs.LeewillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bywhichtimeB.bythattimeC.bythistimeD.bythetime14.Itisreportedthattwoschools,arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich22/22 15.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A,thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich16.Heisoneofthestudentswho(have)passedtheexam.17.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(have)passedtheexam.Heisnottheonlyoneofthestudentswho(have)passedtheexam.18.I,who（be）verybusy,can"thelpthematthemoment.19.As(be)knowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.20.Theidea,whichIthink(be)reasonable,wasbroughtupbyProfessorLiyesterday..21.Istillremembertheteachersandtheschoolthat(be)talkedofyesterdayevening..答案：11C12D13A14D15D16have17has,have18am19is20is21were二、关系副引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where或why等。when,where,why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。A．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when=onwhich)Hecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when=atwhich)Wewillneverforgettheyear1949,whenthePeople"sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when=inwhich)B．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.22/22 我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where=inwhich)Iwouldliketoliveinacountrywherethereisplentyofsunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where=inwhich)What"sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholiday你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where=atwhich)注意:高考题中对where的考查趋于复杂化，从先行词为明显的“地点转”化为“地点的模糊化和抽象化”。实际上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可以用where这个关系副词Hehasgothimselfintodangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane。他使自己陷入了一种危险的情形，在这种情形下，他可能失去对飞机的控制。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步了。C．why指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(why=forwhich)Tereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意:无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。【误】ThisisthebookthatIborrowedityesterday.【正】ThisisthebookthatIborrowedyesterday.这就是我昨天借的书。（that在定语从句中取代了先行词thebook，作borrowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it）【误】TheEnglishCorneristheplacewherepeopleoftengotheretopractisetheirspokenEnglish.【正】TheEnglishCorneristheplacewherepeopleoftengotopractisetheirspokenEnglish.英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。（where在定语从句中取代了先行词thepace，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there）22/22 Exercise:用适当的关系词填空22.Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputer.23.IcanthinkofmanycasesstudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn"twriteagoodessay.（Icanthinkofmanycasesyouknownothingabout.)24.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.25.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn’tcometothemeeting.26.Theyhavereachedthepointtheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.答案：22when23where/inwhich,that24where25why26where三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。A．限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。Thisistheboywhobrokethewindow.这就是打破窗子的孩子。（theboy是先行词，whobroketheindow是限制性定语从句，明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子）IhaveabookwhichteachesEnglishgrammar.我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（abook是先行词，whichteachesEnglishgrammar是限制性定语从句，修饰thebook）ThepeoplewhomyoumetinthehallarefromJapan.你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whomyoumetinthehall限定先行词thepeople）B．非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开，常常译成主句的并列句。I,whoamyourfriend,willsharetheworkwithyou.我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，whoamyour22/22 friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）NewConceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntousall.新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（whichisknowntousall是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isafixedstar.太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。LastyearIvisitedthePeople"sGreatHall,wheremanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。TaiwanbelongstoChina,aseveryoneknows.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。Theweatherwasveryterrible,whichwehadn"texpected.天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。Mr.JoelivesinBeijingnow,whichisquitealongwayfromhere.乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。Icongratulatemyneighbour,whosesonhasjustwontheelection.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”(1)关系词不能用that(2)关系词不能用why，只能用forwhich(3)有且只有as能放整个句首，which不能(4)“介词+关系代词其中的关系代词不能用that。介词+which/whom(5)指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用who替换，也不能省略。三、关系代词和关系副词的选用22/22 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A．只用who1．在非限制定语从句中指人时：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2．先行词是one,anyone,those等指人时：Onewhohasnothingtofearforhimselfdarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepublished.任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease.凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3．在there/herebe开头的句子中。Hereisaboywhowantstoseeyou.有个男孩想见你。B．只用which,whom在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which,whom。1．在非限制性定语从句中。Theweatherwasveryterrible,whichwehadn"texpected.天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。2．介词后面。关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that/who。Heclimbeduptothetopofalargerock,fromwhichhegotagoodview.他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用fromwhere）22/22 Soundisatool,bymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。C．只用that1．当先行词为all,much，little，something，everything,anything,nothing，none,few，theone等词时，Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.他所说的一切都是真的。Heisdeadandthere"snothingthatcanbedone.他死了，再也没有什么办法了。Thesewallsareallthatremainoftheancientcity.这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。提示:something后面可用which引导定语从句。Thereissomething(which/that)I"dliketotellyou.有些事我想告诉你。2.当先行词被thevery（恰恰，正好）,theonly，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.这正是我要买的语法书。Beautyistheonlything(that)Emilycanbeproudof.美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.我们没有什么能帮助她的。3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI"veeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoLiujiayao.这是去刘家窑的最后一趟地铁。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6．当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们谈论的人和事吗？Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.22/22 被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。7.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这座工厂生产可能造成污染的东西。8．先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe.她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。Heisnottheman(that)heseems.他这人不貌相。Exercise:用适当的关系词填空27.Isthereanythingyoudon"tunderstandabouttheproblem?28.ThewostmatterI"mafraidofhappenedintheend.29.Allthepresentsyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.30.ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.31.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wasverykindofhim.答案：27that28that29that30that31whichD．关系副词与关系代词的选择当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when作状语）Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（which作wespent宾语）Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where作状语）Iknowaplacewhichisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（which作主语）Exercise:用that,when,why,where,which填空22/22 32.Iwanttoknowthedateyouwereborn.33.Ihaveforgottenthedateyoutoldme.34.Doyouknowthereasonheisabsenttoday.35.ThatisthereasonIwanttoknow.36.Thisisthefactoryhisfatherworks.37.Thisisthefactoryhisfatherbuilt.答案：32when33that/which34.why/forwhich35which/that36where37that/whichE．关系词的省略在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。1．关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。Arethesekeys(thatwhich)youwerelookingfor?这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？Theman(whothat)Iwassittingnettoontheplanetalkedallthetime.飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。2．以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。Idon"tliketheway(that/inwhich)shewalks.我不喜欢她走路的样子。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。3．在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy结构中，when,where,why可省略。Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。That"stheplace(where)hestayedwhenhewasinthecountry.那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。4.先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；Thefirsttime（that）hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.若time作“一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。Exercise:用适当的关系词填空38.Idon"tlikethewayyoulaughather.39.Thewayheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.22/22 38.ThisthesecondtimeIhavebeenhere.39.Couldyoustillrememberthetimewespenttogetherinourchildhood.40.Thisisatimetherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.答案：38.that/inwhich/不填39.that/inwhich/不填40.that/不填41.that/which/不填42.when/duringwhichF．定语从句与强调句型的区别1．强调句型中的it是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉itis/wasthat/who，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中的it是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉itis/wasthat，句子结构不完整，意思也完整。Itisaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。（定语从句）Itisnovelsthatsheenjoysreading.她喜欢阅读的是小说。（强调句）2．在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。Wasitinthispalacethatthelastemperordied（强调句型）那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗？Wasitthispalacewherethelastemperordied（定语从句）这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗？3．有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that或who在句中的作用。Itwasinthelabthatwassetuplastyearthattheyfinishedtheexperiment.他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。（thatwassetuplastyear是定语从句，that在从句中作主语，并可被which替换）Itwasthestudentswhocamefromourschoolthatwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。（whocameromourschool是定语从句，who在从句中作主语）43.Itisfromtheearliertime_____menbegantostudythenaturalphenomenaandtheheavenlybodies.A:whenB:thatC.whichD.where44.Itwasinthegardenofhisoldhousehegrewuphedugupapotofgold.A.that;thatB.where;whereC.where;thatD.that;where45．—WheredidyoumeethimwhileinBeijing?22/22 —ItwasinthehotelIstayed．A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where46．---Wheredidyoumeetthefamousactress?---ItwasinthesupermarketwewentshoppinglastSunday.A．whichB．thatC．whereD．There47.Somegreatpeoplesaiditwastheirprimaryschoolteachersandtheirlessonstheywerefondofinfluencedtheirwholelives.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that答案：BCDCDG．定语从句与同位语从句的区别1．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。Itisafact(that)youcan"tdeny.这是一个你不能否认的事实。（定语从句）Itisafactthatshehasdoneherbest.她尽了最大的努力，这是事实。（同位语从句）2．在定语从句中，that代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。Thenews(that)weheardspreadallovertheschoolcampus.我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句）ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位从句）48.Thesuggestion________studentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.A.thatB.whichC.ifD.不填49.Thesuggestion________theyareconsideringis________studentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.A.that；ifB.which；thatC.that；ifD.不填；whether50.Thenews________hetoldmeyesterdayisn"ttrue，butthenews________hewasbeatentodeaththismorningis22/22 true.A.that；whatB.that；不填C.which；thatD.what；which答案：ADC2011年北京高考及各区模拟题（定语从句考查）1.ThestorytookplaceinEuropeinthedaysbeforeautomobileseveryoneusedhorses.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2.Greentea,manyexpertssuggest,shouldbedrunkregularlytoimprovehealth.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as3.Thepartinthefilmthemanbrokedownthedoormadetheaudiencegiveacry.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom4.“Drive-ins”havelargeparkinglotscustomersareservedintheircarsbywaitresses.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where5.Intimewereachedastagewehadmoreyoungreadersthanoldones.A.whereB.howC.whoD.what6.Thisarticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.A.fromwhomB.forwhomC.towhomD.towardswhom7.Thisisnottheonlyexampleofaplanecrasheveryonebutachilddied.A.whichB.whereC.whyD.when8.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepastshehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.A.whenB.whyC.thatD.where9.WewenttotheWestLakeyesterday,,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.22/22 A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when4.ThousandsofHaitianscheeredastheChinesemedicalteamarrived,manyofevencriedwithjoy.A.thoseB.themC.whomD.who5.WhenIgottoNewYork,IhadtoattendaschoolforstudentsfirstlanguagewasnotEnglish.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.where6.Wow!Lookatthemanandhishorsearerunningdowntheroad.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where7.IneedtocallmyfriendDavidcoatIwalkedoffbymistakeyesterday.A.inwhoseB.inthatC.withwhichD.withher14.Isoxygentheonlygas__________helpsfireburn?A.itB.whichC./D.that15.Ihaveboughttwopens,and_____writeswell.A.neitherofthemB.noneofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich【答案】1-5CDCDA6-10CBABC11-15CBADA2012年北京高考及各区一模题（定语从句考查）26.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when24．Mostpeoplegotothetheatrenottoseeaplay____plotiscomplicated,buttolistentobrilliantdialoguesbetweenactors．西城A．whereB．whatC．whichD．whose35.Samrememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast______hehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.东城22/22 A.whatB.whichC.whereD.why25.InEnglishclass,ourteacheroftencreatesanenvironment_____wearegiventheopportunitytosolveproblemsourselves.海淀A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that30.Therearemanyexamplesthroughouttheworld______talentedplayersareignoredbytheirnationalmanagers.朝阳A.whenB.whereC.whichD.Whose29．—HaveyouseenthefilmTheWarHorsey—Ofcourse,Ihave．Itwasinmyhometown______itwasmade．丰台A．whereB．whenC．thatD．Which36.Wisepeoplehavefocusedtheprocessratherthantheresultasitisintheprocess______welearnandgrow.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.fromwhich39.Theoldmantookthepolicemenbacktothesameplace______hehadwitnessedtherobbery.A.thatB.whereC.asD.when32．Aschoolshouldcreateallatmosphere__________kidscandevelopthemselvesallround.A．which   B．where   C．that  D．Who21．TheGreatWallistheplace____almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing．A．whyB．whichC．whenD．where31．Soonchildreninthecamphadmanynewfriends，theysharedfood,storiesandprojects.A．forwhichB.withwhomC.ofwhichD.towhom47．Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____othermorewell-informedexperimentsfailed.　　A.which　　B.that　　C.what　　D.where答案：BDCCBCCBBBBD2012北京各区二模定语从句考查31.Ihavesentseverale-mailstothecompanyfortheadvertisedjob,noneof_____hasbeenanswered.东城22/22 A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whose30.Expertsbelievethatlanguagelearningisaprocess______skillsaremoreimportantthangrammarrules.朝阳A.whoseB.whenC.ofwhichD.inwhich26.Solarenergy,_________timehascome,isverysuitabletoheatwaterormakeelectricity.丰台A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that26.Thebabybirdisatthestage______itisreadytoleavethenest.西城A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what32.TomarrangedtospendhiswintervacationinHawaiiwithhisparents______hewouldstayforaweek.昌平A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what21.Readingbooks,_______takesthereadertootherworlds,isawonderfulwaytoenjoylife.海淀A.thatB.whatC.asD.which答案：CDBCBD22/22