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  • 2022-06-17 16:09:49 发布

高考英语语法复习专题四

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因材施教知任善育语法系列复习专题三-----形容词、副词1.狠抓基础知识:1)熟读课文;2)背记单词、词组、短语(该册书约300条词组、短语);3)复习各课语言点;4)复习有关交际用语;5)复习该册语法项目:定语从句、动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动词时态、主谓一致、名词性从句、情态动词、强调句。2.易混淆词语辨析:1)carryon(vi.)继续;carryout(vt.)实行;实现;执行。例如:Theycarriedouttheplanandcarriedonwiththework.2)lie(lay,lain)down躺下;lay(laid,laid)down放下3)inchargeof负责…,inthechargeof由…负责。例如:I’minchargeoftheclass.=Theclassisinthechargeofme.4)beangrywith/atsb.生某人气;beangryat/about/oversth.因某事生气;例如:Mothergotangrywith/atmeonlybecauseIhadbroken一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育apreciouscup.5)callonsb.拜访某人;callatsp.访问某处dropinonsb.顺便拜访某人;dropinatsp.顺便拜访某处6)knockon/atsth.敲某物;knockintosb./sth.撞上某人/某物。7)bytheway顺便说;ontheway(to)…在去…的路上;intheway以这种方式,碍事;insb’sway碍某人的事例如:Bytheway,wouldyoupleasebuymeapenonthewaytoschool?顺便说一下,你上学路上能帮我买支笔吗?Ifyouworkinthewayyouwillbeinmyway.如果你以这种方式工作,那你就碍我的事了。8)deep与deeply:两词作副词用时,前者表可量度的“深”意思。后者表抽象概念的“深”意。例如:Theydugdeepbutdidn’tfindwater./Iwasdeeplymoved.9)befitfor=besuitable/properfor适合于;fit(v.)(尺寸、大小)适合。一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育例如:Theclothesfitme,andthecolourisalsofitforme.这衣服我穿合身,而且颜色也合适。10)glanceat…瞅/瞥/很快地看一眼…;glanceover…穿过…瞅/瞥/很快看。例如:Heglancedathershoulder.他瞅了一下她的肩膀。Heglancedoverhershoulderandfoundashortmanfollowingher.他从她的肩膀瞥了一眼,发现有个矮个子男的跟着她。11)saytooneself=thinktooneself暗自思量;talktooneself自言自语12)breakoff(使)折断;停止说话;突然中断;停顿;breakdown武力镇压;推翻;将(门、墙等)捣毁;崩溃;分解;瓦解;出毛病;坏掉;breakup分解;驱散;打碎;拆散breakinto闯入。例如:Somepeoplebrokedownthedoorandbrokeintohishouse.TheybrokeuptheTVandsomethingelse.Whentheylefttheybrokeoffsometreesinthegard.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育一些人捣开他的屋门闯进他家,他们打碎了电视机和一些别的东西。走时又砍倒了院子里的几棵树。13)beinlovewithsb.与某人相爱(延续状态);fallinlovewithsb.爱上某人(短暂情况)。例如:Theyfellinlovewitheachotherthreeyearsagoandtheyhavebeeninlovewitheachotherforthreeyears.三年前他们相爱了,三年来他们一直相爱着。14)bedressedas/like…穿得象/打扮成…;bedressedin…穿着…。例如:Themanwhoisdressedinblueclothesisdressedasaworker.穿着蓝衣服的那个男人打扮得象个工人。15)seatvt.就座,容纳;sitvi.坐例如:Heisseatedintheroom.=Hesits/issittingintheroom.Thecinemacanseat500people.16)workon从事于;忙于;workout做出,解出。例如:Theyareworkingonthemathsproblemsandhaveworkedoutnearlyhalf.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育17)believe相信(某人的话);believein信赖;信任。例如:ThoughIbelievewhathesaidjustnow,Ican’tbelievehim.虽然我相信他刚才说的话,但是我不信赖他。18)share与sharein:两词都可表“分享”意,但share还可表“合用”、“共用”意。例如:Weshouldshare(in)bothhappinessandsorrow.Iwouldn’tliketosharethebedwithyou.我不愿与你合睡一张床。19)many与manya:两词都表“许多”意。但many后跟复数名词,复数谓语;manya后跟单数名词,单数谓语。例如:Manystudentsarewritingnow.=Manyastudentiswritingnow.20)morethan多于;不仅;notmorethan不超过;nomorethan不过;仅仅。例如:Wintersleepismorethansleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。Sheisnotmorethanthirty.她不超过三十岁。Sheisnomorethanthirty.=Sheisonlythirty.她只不过三十岁。21)bysurprise,insurprise与toone’ssurprise:by一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育surprise用于take…bysurprise出乎…意料;对…突然袭击。例如:Hetookmebysurprisewhenhesuddenlyappearedatthedoor.他突然出现在门口,这使我感到意外。insurprise惊讶地。例如:Helookedatmeinsurprise.他惊讶地看着我。toone’ssurprise使某人惊讶的是。例如:Tomysurprisehegotfullmarksinthephysicstest.使我惊讶的是他物理得了满分。22)astonish=surprise使吃惊;使惊讶;shock使震惊;使震动;使电击。例如:Itastonished/surprisedusthathedidn’tgotoworkthismorning.Thenewsthatalltheboatshadsunkinthestormshockedus.23)raise与rise:raisevt.升起;举起;提高;饲养;risevi.上升;升高;升起。例如:Theyclimbedupontothetopoftheshiptoraisethemselvessoastowatch一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育thesunwhichwasrisingintheeast.Theworkerswantedtohavetheirpayraised.24)takecare与lookout:两个短语都有“小心”、“当心”意。takecare既可单独使用,也可跟宾语从句或不定式;lookout只能单独使用,若表“挑选”意,可跟宾语。25)dieof与diefrom:都表“死于…”意。dieof后跟表“内因”的死因,如:hunger,anger,brief(忧伤);diefrom后跟表“外因”的死因,如:flood,lockofwater,chestwound;具体病名,如:cancer,stomachache等则可用于两短语之后。26)putout熄灭/扑灭(火等);关掉(灯、煤气)等;putdown放下;平定/镇压(起义、暴乱等);记下27)liveon以…为生/为主食;livein住在…;liveby(doing…)靠(做某事)维生/生活28)thinkabout考虑;thinkof考虑;想出;思念;thinkover仔细考虑;thinkup一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育想出;编造;设计出29)tryon试穿;tryout试…能力;试用(某人,某物)30)makeof由…制成(成品中见不到原料模样);makefrom由…制成(成品中见不到原料模样);makeupof由…构成;由…组成;makeoutof由…制出;由…改制而成。31)keepoff离开;勿接触;keep…out将…阴挡在外32)anumberof…许多/一些…;thenumberof……的数目33)handout分发;handin上交;handto交给;递给34)falltopieces跨台;崩溃;倒塌;解体;fallintoruins成为废墟3.交际用语的几个注意点:1)回答道谢语或道歉语可说“That’sallright.”“That’sOK.”(意“不用谢”,“没关系”。)但不能说“Allright.”“OK.”2)回答“Would/Doyouminddoingsth.”问句,表“不介意”多说“(No).notatall/notintheleast.”“Ofcoursenot.”“Certainlynot.”一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育而不要误说“Yes.”“Yes,please.”“allright.”“Nevermind.”要表达“介意”时,宜采用委婉方式,如:“Sorry,you’dbetternot.”3)别人赞扬你时,不要说“No,no,(don’tsayso.),”通常说“Thankyou.”4)别人邀请你(吃东西、参加舞会等)时,或主动向你提供帮助时,表示“同意”多说“Yes,thankyou.”表示“不同意”多说“Thankyou/That’sverykindofyou,but…(引出拒绝原因)”或“No,thankyouallthesame/justthesame.”4.几项语法疑难1)动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较<1>作主语:(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如:Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.Talkingiseasyanddoingisdifficult.=Totalkiseasyandtodoisdifficult.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为,或表示将来的行为,宜用不定式。例如:Ittookhimtwohourstofinishthework.Tobeascientistishisdesire(愿望).(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为,一般用动名词。例如:Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.<2>作宾语:(1)有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可,意义也差不多,主要有:begin,start,continue,love,prefer等。(2)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,主要有:wish,hope,expect,demand,refuse,decide.(3)有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,已学过的这类词有:finish,imagine,insiston,enjoy,escape,consider,can’thelp,admit,avoid,mind,miss,practise,putoff(延迟)=delay,suggest.(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别,主要有:forget,remember,regret,stop,mean,try,want,need,require,goon一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育A.forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事=forgethavingdonesth.=forgettohavedonesth.B.remembertodosth.记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记住做过某事C.regrettodosth.遗憾(要)做某事regretdoingsth.懊悔做了某事D.stoptodosth.停下(原事)去某事(不定式作目的状语)stopdoingsth.停止做某事E.meantodosth.决意/打算做某事meandoingsth.意味/表明做某事F.trytodosth.努力/设法去做某事trydoingsth.试图/尝试用某一方法做某事G.want/need/requiretodosth.要/想做某事want/need/requiredoing.需要/想要被…H.goontodosth.继续做不同的事goondoingsth.继续做相同的事2)现在分词用法关于现在分词完成式用法的几点说明:一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育(1)现在分词完成式表示一个先于句子谓语的动作。例如:Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.(完成作业在先,出去散步在后)Havingbeenrebuiltthisway,thesetempleslookevenmorebeautiful.(重建在先,显得更美丽在后)(2)现在分词完成主动式或完成被动式都不能作定语。例如:Thegirlwhohaspassedthemathstestlooksveryhappy.(句中划线部分不能改为havingpassedthetest)Thesentencemadebyhimisverylong.(made不可改为havingbeenmade)使用现在分词的几个注意点:(1)作状语用的现在分词,其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事,例如:Standingontopofthetallbuilding,wecouldseethewholecity.(正)(Standing=Whenwestood)Standingontopofthetallbuilding,thewholecitycouldbeseen.(误)一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedtheexperiment.(正)(Havingfound=After/Whentheyhadfound)Havingfoundthecause,theexperimentcontinued.(误)(2)短暂动词(即瞬间动词)的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如:Hesawtheoldmanknockeddownbythecar.(knockeddown不可改为beingknockeddown或havingbeingknockeddown)DoyoulikethedictionaryboughtbyZhangMing?(bought不可改为beingbought或havingbeenbought)3)过去分词用法<1>过去分词和现在分词一样在句中都可以充当状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。例:状语:Disturbedbythenoise,wehadtofinishthemeetingearly.定语:Largeboardscanbeusedforprintedposters.表语:Thesupermarketiscrowdedwithshoppers.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育宾补:Wemustgettheworkfinishedtoday.<2>现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别:现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意,但其用法是有区别的:(1)作定语时,现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作,过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如:正在建造的建好的builtthere?beingbuiltDoyouseethehospital你看见了那边那个医院吗?ThecontinentconnectedwithAsiaattheSuezCanalisAfrica.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。(句中connected无时间性)(2)作原因状语,现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如:Beingled(=Led)bytheParty,theChinesepeoplehavewongreatvictories.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育(3)作方式或伴随状语,不用现在分词被动式,而用过去分词。例如:Thesoldierslayontheground,coveredwithnothing.(4)作时间状语,若动作先于句子的谓语动作,且有具体过去时间,不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如:Builtin1192,thebridgewasveryuseful.如果没有具体过去时间状语,可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如:Discussed(=Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemwassettledatlast.如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前,则宜用现在分词完成被动式,而不用过去分词。例如:Nothavingbeeninvited,shehadtostayathome.(5)在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾补,不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如:I’llhavemyhaircut.(cut不能改为beingcut或becut)Hegothiswatchrepaired.(repaired不能改为beingrepaired或toberepaired)一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育(6)在make,order,want,like,wish等动词后,多用过去分词作宾补,少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如:Thespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.(一般不说beingheard)Hewantedhishousepainted.(一般不说beingpainted)4)名词从句下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:<1>whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达"是否"意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:(1)引导主语从句,且在句首时。例:Whetherhehaswonthetennisisnotknown.(但Itisnotknownwhether/ifhehaswonthetennis.)(2)引导表语从句时。例:Theproblemiswhetherhecangetajob.(3)引导同位语从句时。例:Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.(4)词后的whether从句。例:IworryaboutwhetherIhurther一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育feelings.<2>位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例如:Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.<3>在“Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/apity/nowonder/necessary/strange/…+that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。例如:Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplaceallone’slife.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings(缺点).<4>在“Thereasonwhy…isthat…”句式中that不要误用because.例如:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.<5>名词从句中that,what用法比较:一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what=thething(s)that.例如:Itwastoldinyesterday’snewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraisedbythefactory.5)情态动词+havedone<1>musthavedone表示“肯定做过”之意。如:Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.<2>should/oughttohavedone表示“本应该做”之意。shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone表“本不应该做”意,是一种责备口吻。例如:Youarelateagain.Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Yououghtnottohavetoldhimaboutit,becauseitwasasecret.<3>neednothavedone表示“本没有必要做”之意。如:Youneedn’thavewaitedforhimbecausehesaidhewouldnotcome.你本没必要等他,因为他说他是不会来的。(这是就已发生过的事而言。)比较:Youneedn’twaitforhimbecausehewon’tcome.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育你不必等他,因为他不会来。(这是对将来情况而言。)<4>may/might(not)havedone表示“可能(没)做了”之意。例:Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Shemighthavehadanaccident.<5>could/mighthavedone表“本来能够(可以)做…而没有做”意,含责备和婉转批语意。如:Youcouldhavefinishedtheworkbeforeyouwenthome.Youmighthavegivenhimsomehelpthoughyouwerebusy.<6>can’t/couldn’thavedone表“肯定没做”意。是musthavedone的否定式(不说mustn’thavedone)例如:Isawhimjustnow,hecan’thavegonetoShanghai.Hestayedathomeyesterday.hecouldn’thavebeenhitbyacar.<7>willhavedone表“肯定已经做了”意。例如:Youwillhaveheardthenewslastnight.昨晚你肯定听到这个消息了。一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育Hewillhavegothomebynow.现在他该到家了。5.纠正几个陈旧错误语言观点:1)attheend不能单独使用,必须与of连用。2)fairly修饰褒义词,rather修饰贬义词3)It’snouse/good/help后只跟动名词,不能跟不定式4)虚拟语气中be只用were,不用5)keytothedoor,entrancetothehall这类短语中的to不能改为of6)anyother后只能跟单数名词7)只能说whoelse’s,不能说whoseelse8)只能说hitsb.on/inthe部位,不能说hitsb’s部位典型单项填空题训练1.What______,ifhe______aboutit?A.willhappen;wastoldB.wouldhappen;weretoldC.willhappen;weretoldD.wouldhappen;istold2.Herexpressionsuggestedthatshe____veryangry.A.shouldbeB.beC.wasD.being3.Thescientistdevotedallhislife____anewkindofmachine.一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育A.toinventB.todiscoveringC.todiscoverD.toinventing4.Isthisdam____thestudentsofthatschoolvisitedlastweek?A.theoneB.thatC.whereD.which5.Thesinger_____Ihavealwaysadmired____hersweetvoiceisYangLiyin.A.whom;不填B.that;forC.who;不填D.that;不填6.Theshipwith2000passengersonitisheading_____Shanghai.A.thesouthtowardB.southonC.southtowardD.thesouthfor7._____hewasmadeLeaguesecretaryexcitedhisparents.A.ThatB.WhatC.BecauseD.Which8.Itissuggestedthatastudyplan_____today.A.shouldmakeB.willbemadeC.bemadeD.wouldbemade9.Ihavenoidea____hewilljoinus.A.ifB.whetherC.asD.unless10.-Whichwouldyouratherhave,teaorcoffee?-一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育_______.A.Yes,bothB.Yes,pleaseC.Sure,IwouldD.Neither,thankyou11.Little_____abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaresB.doeshecareC.didhecareD.hecared12.Wedon’tdoubt____she’llwinthetennisgamethisafternoon.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.what13.You____thegoodnewsonTVlastnight.A.haveheardB.hearC.willhaveheardD.hadheard14.Shelooked_____hisshouldertoseeifsomeonewasfollowingher.A.throughB.overC.atD.on15.Arethestudentsbusy_____theircomingexaminations?A.withpreparingforB.preparingC.preparingforD.inpreparing16.-_______?-Yes,Ican’tsleepwell.A.WhatcanIdoforyouB.CanIhelpyou一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育C.HowcanIhelpyouD.Hello17.Heacted____nothing_____.A.asif;hadhappenedB.asthough;hashappenedC.asif;werehappenedD.asthough;happens18._____ofthenews,shegot____.A.Whentold;excitedB.Whentold;excitingC.Whenshewastold;excitedD.AorC19.Thegymnasticsthatthegirlscompeted____wasratherdifficult.A.inB.不填C.onD.to20.Whenyoutouchtheice,it____verycold.A.isfeltB.feelsC.isfeelingD.mustbefelt21.-Canyoudoabitfittheplan?-Sorry,I’venotime____andIcan’t____thecostofit.A.spare;shareB.tospare;shareC.share;spareD.toshare;spare22.Heseldomgoesthere,_____?A.doesheB.Doesn’theC.Isn’theD.ishe一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育23.Sinceyouwouldn’tliketotakepartintheparty,____doyoufeellike___?A.what;doingB.what;todoC.how;todoD.how;doing24.Thisis____coldestday,butitisnot____coldestdayhere.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD.the;a25.-____sheturntoyouforsomehelp?-Yes,withpleasure.A.WouldB.MustC.ShallD.Will26.Itisdifficultto____aconversationwithsomeonewhoonlysays“Yes”and“No”.A.carryoutB.giveawayC.goonD.keepup27.Theladyoftensitsbythewindow,_____thought.A.ofdeepB.losinginC.deeplyinD.deepin28.Youneedn’thavereturnedhimdouble____youborrowedfrom一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802 因材施教知任善育him.A.whichB.allwhatC.whatD.that29.-Shelooksold____herage.-Yes,shehassufferedalot.A.forB.withC.ofD.than30.Hisgreatprogressisconnected____hisalwaysmakinggood_____oftime.A.with;helpB.to;useC.for;helpD.with;use一切都为了孩子为了孩子的一切电话:020—36707006020—28933802