中西文化对比-成语和谚语.ppt 28页

Beforeastudentgetsthehangofhowtouseidiomsandproverbs,he’llmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldn’tputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsayifyouwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell,that’spartofthegame.在熟知这些成语的用法前，很多人一定会犯不少错误.有些错误会使人发笑.但不必着急，对这种事要有耐性.可以说，学好外语，就得这样.lookout东西吃软不吃硬---bullytheweakbutyieldtoonewhofightsback---tobeopentopersuasion,butnottocoercion布衣素食---wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood---coarseclothesandsimplefare getthehangofholdone’ssideswithlaughterputsomeoneinastewputupwithsomethingpartofthegame事情就是这样忍受（某事）使某人烦恼（为难,着急）捧腹大笑熟悉；得知 Chapter2IdiomsandProverbsWhatareidiomsandproverbs?Chinesemeaning:成语和谚语InChinese:四字成语InEnglish:setphrases idiom:agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,whichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsownandmustbelearntasawholeunit.proverb:shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice.Theyarewell-knownsetphrasesorshortsentences,expressingsupposedtruth,wisdomormorallessons.Theyarespecialinstructurewhichsometimesmakestheminexplicablelogicallyorgrammatically.Theycanreflectvividlyanation’sgeography,history,itspeople’slifeexperience,socialviews,thinkingandconceptsaswellasliterature. Ⅰ.SimilarityA.Humanexperiencesandobservations,andevenhistoryareinmanyaspectssimilar,whichmakestheexpressionsandtheirmeaningssimilar:Strikewhiletheironishot.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Hastemakeswaste.Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见，心不烦.欲速则不达.人多好办事.趁热打铁.Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行.Morehaste,lessspeed. Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚，人以群分.Thingsofakindcometogether,peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup.Likeattractslike.Hemostliveswhothinksmost,feelsthenoblestandactsthebest.Putnotyourhandbetweenthebarkandthetree.思想深刻,情感高尚,品行端正者活的最好.别人家中事,最好别插手./不要多管闲事.Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄兵必败．Lifeisnotabedofroses.生活并不总是充满鲜花．Twoofatradeneveragree.同行多嫉妒.It’snotthebeardthatmakesthephilosopher.有志不在年高. Preventionisbetterthancure.Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.Longhairandshortwit.Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下没有不散的宴席.头发长，见识短．得寸进尺.预防胜过治疗.Fireprovesgold,adversityprovesmen.Liveandlearn.烈火显真金，逆境识英雄．活到老，学到老.Bloodisthickerthanwater.Wallhasears.血浓于水．隔墙有耳．Goldenwordsoffendtheears.忠言逆耳. Ifyouwouldnotbeknowntodoanything,neverdoit.若要人不知，除非己莫为．Inunityhereisstrength.团结就是力量．Timeismoney.时间就是金钱.Hewhosebellyisfullbelievesnothimwhoisfasting.饱汉不知饿汉饥．Easiersaidthandone./(It’s)easiertosaythantodo.说时容易做时难．Idlenessistherootofallevil.懒惰是万恶之源．Brevityisthesoulofwit.简洁是智慧的精髓.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.Hewhohasnottastedbitterknowsnotwhatsweetis.吃得苦中苦,方知甜上甜.Goodluckwouldnevercomeinpairs.福不双至． B.InEnglish,someidiomsandproverbsareborrowedfromotherlanguagesanditisthesamewithChinese.1.EnglishborrowedfromChinesetoloseone’sface丢面子papertiger纸老虎tosaveone’sface保面子 2.ChineseborrowedfromEnglish:aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth以眼还眼，以牙还牙armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿awolfinthesheep’sclothing披着羊皮的狼turnoveranewleaf揭开新的一页Theeyeisthewindowofthemind.眼睛是心灵的窗户. C.Similarsources:Fromreligiousworks.Olivebranch---Bible-Genesis,scapegoat---Bible-Leviticus;eyeforeye,toothfortooth---OldTestament-Exodus.现身说法；放下屠刀，立地成佛；五体投地．２.Fromlegendandmythology.Pandora’sBox---GreekMythology;Achilles‘Heel;开天辟地；精卫填海．３.Fromfable.Awolfinsheep’sclothing;sourGrapes:狐假虎威．４.Fromhistoricaleventsandstories.Meetone’sWaterloo;项庄舞剑，意在沛公；鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已；水落石出． totalkhorseⅡ.DissimilarityA.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinmetaphor:tobreakabutterflyonthewheelaratinhole瓮中之鳖likeadrownedrattolookforaneedleinthehaytofishintheair像只落汤鸡吹牛大海捞针水底捞月杀鸡用牛刀；小题大做tobeataroundthebush旁敲侧击；转弯抹角 tokick/hitamanwhenheisdownAnidleyouth,aneedy(贫困的)age.onceinabluemoontocryupwineandsellvinegartotreaduponeggsdiamondcutdiamondJusticehaslongarms.Theburntchilddreadsthefire.千载难逢挂羊头，卖狗肉如履薄冰棋逢对手落井下石天网恢恢，疏而不漏.一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井绳.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲.Manyheadsarebetterthanone.Theproofofthepudding---梨isintheeating.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮.空谈不如实践． Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.宁做鸡头，不做凤尾．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃.Theforemostdogcatchesthehare.捷足先登./先下手为强.Clumsybirdshavetostartearly.笨鸟先飞.Everypotterpraiseshisownpot.老王卖瓜，自卖自夸．toblowone’sownhorn/trumpet自吹自擂.Thefoxpreysfarthestfromhome.兔子不吃窝边草．Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一花独放不是春．Onedropofpoisoninfectsthewholetonofwine.一颗老鼠屎坏了一锅粥．Setafoxtokeepone‘sgeese.引狼入室．Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt?狗嘴里吐不出象牙.Hethatcomesofahenmustscrape.老鼠的儿子会打洞．Whenthecat‘saway,themicewillplay.山中无老虎，猴子称大王．Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.欲加之罪，何患无词.Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌.Everydoghashisday.瓦片也有翻身日；人人都有得意时. Theleopardcanneverchangeitsspot.本性难移.Alittlepotissoonhot.壶小易热，量小易怒.Letbeggarsmatchwithbeggars.门当户对./龙配龙,凤配风.Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.勿本末倒置.Finefeathersdonotmakefinebirds.人不可貌相.Killtwobirdswithonestone.一石击二鸟；一箭双雕.EverydayisnotSunday.好境不长.Faithwillmovemountains.精诚所至，金石为开.Barkingdogsdonotbite.嘴狠手软./刀子嘴豆腐心.Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火.Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasow’sear.巧妇难为无米之炊.Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.失之东隅，收之桑榆.Beautifulflowersaresoonpicked.红颜多薄命.Asyoumakeyourbed,soyoumustlieonit.自作自受，作茧自缚.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔,转业不聚财.Talkofthedevil,andhe’ssuretoappear.Speakofangels,andyouwillheartheirwings.说曹操,曹操到. B.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinexpression:Sinkorswim.自作自受.Whospitsagainstheaven,itfallsinhisface.知足者常乐.Enoughisasgoodasafeast宁可信其有，不可信其无．Bettertobesurethansorry.失之毫厘，谬以千里．Amissisasgoodasamile.机不可失.Opportunityseldomknockstwice.博而不专．Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.不吃苦中苦，难得人上人．Hethathadnocrossdeservesnocrown.不进则退．Romewasnotbuiltinaday.冰冻三尺非一日之寒.Wherethere’ssmokethere’sfire.无风不起浪. Topayhimbackinhisowncoin.Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinatea-cup.---人倒霉喝凉水都塞牙.★Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.一个巴掌拍不响.Failuresarethepillarsofsuccess.失败是成功之母.Truthneedsnotmanywords.有理不在声高.以其人之道，还治其人之身. C.Someidiomsandproverbsarecommoninonelanguagebutcompletelyabsentintheother:1.InEnglish:tomeetone’sWaterlooGoDutch.各人自己付钱.Thelaststrawbentthecamel.超出忍耐的极限；忍无可忍Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.多吃苹果少得病.keepone’sfingerscrossed希望好运；祈求吉利bebornwithasilverspooninone’smouth生在富贵人家pullthewooloversomeone’seyes蒙骗某人putone’sfootinone’smouth说错话；做错事遭到惨败 2.InChinese:---Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch,noryourhatunderaplum-tree---topreventfrombeingconsideredathief---well-thought-outplan/idea胸有成竹盲人瞎马---Ablindmanonablindhorse---rushingheadlongtodisaster---Eventhedogswaggerwhenitsmasterwinsfavor.一人得道，鸡犬升天---Courtdoormayopen,butnottothepoor衙门自古朝南开，有理无钱莫进来瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠 ※InChinese,thereisaspecialexpressioncalled‘thetwo-partsaying.Itisformedbyashortstatementandatagphrasetogiveafurtherexplanationorcommentthatbringsoutthewitorhumor.Thetwo-partsayingdoesnotexistinEnglish.theEightImmortalscrossthesea---eachdisplayinghisspecialprowess;peopledoingthesamejob,buteachinhisownspecialway,anddoingitwell茶壶里煮饺子---倒不出来boilingdumplingsinateapot---nowaytogetthemout;haveideasbutcan’texpressthemorally八仙过海---各显神通 狗拿耗子---多管闲事Adogcatchingamouse---pokingone’snoseintootherpeople’sbusiness鸡蛋里挑骨头---故意找错Pickingbonesfromeggs---findingfaultdeliberately猫哭老鼠---假慈悲Acatcryingoveramouse’smisfortune---fakemercy门缝里瞅人---把人看扁了Gazingatsomeonefrombehindaslightlyopeneddoor---takinganarrowviewofaperson泥菩萨过河---自身难保AclayBuddhacrossingastream---hardlyabletosavehimself 竹篮打水---一场空千里送鹅毛---礼轻情意重Travelathousandmilestobestowagoosefeather---asmallgiftbutatokenofprofoundfriendship铁打的公鸡---一毛不拔Anironrooster---notafeathercanbepulledout;skinflint兔子的尾巴---长不了Ahare’stail---cannotbe/lastlong外甥打灯笼---照旧（舅）Thenephewholdsalanternforhisuncle---thingsstayunchanged哑巴吃黄连---有苦说不出Adumbpersontastingbitterherb---unabletoexpressbitterfeelingsDrawingwaterwithabamboobasket,drawwaterinasieve---achievingnothing D.Someexpressionsseemtobeequivalentinmeaningonthesurfaceandsomearedifficulttounderstandbecausetheirliteralmeaningsoundsstrangetoaforeigner.tohavewordswithsb.Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.Amissisasgoodasamile.---toquarrelortohaveanangrydiscussionwithsb.≠和某人说话＝和某人吵架／争吵---Ittakesmorethanonepersontoachieveanythingsignificant.一个巴掌拍不响---InChinese,itisawarning;inEnglish,itmerelystateafact,oraphilosophicattitude.失之毫厘，谬以千里☆toeat／swallowone’swords≠自食其言＝收回前言，承认错了见ppt27 gildingthelilyThepotcallsthekettleblack.直译：给百合花贴金≠---spoilingsth.whichisalreadyfineorgoodbyaddingsth.inattempttomakeitbetter直译：锅笑壶黑≠五十步笑一百步---Onetriestoaccuseanotheroffaultssimilartothosecommittedbyhimself.---addingsth.tomakeagoodthingevenbetter---Twohavemistakesbutonehaslessthananother.锦上添花画蛇添足乌鸦笑猪黑e.g.Sheaccusedusofbeingextravagant---talkaboutthepotcallingthekettleblack. togetakickoutof/from(doing)somethingtoblowone"sownhorn(ortrumpet)≠---togetpleasurefromdoingsth.≠各吹各的号---topraiseone’sownabilitiesandachievementse.g.Igotakickoutofwatchingthosekidsperform;theirplaymademerealizehowstrangeandfunnywegrown－upsmustseemtothem．e.g.Ifhe’ssosuccessful，whydoeshehavetokeepblowinghisowntrumpet？被踢出去欣赏…或从…中得到极大愉快自吹自擂 令人发指≠tomakeone’shairstandonendtomakeone’sbloodboil气愤令人毛骨惊然害怕Thesightmadehishairstandonend—hethoughtitwashisdeadbrother"sghost.e.g.Thenewsaboutthesecorruptofficialsmadeeveryone’sbloodboil. 自食其言≠toeatone’sownwordstobreakone’spromise收回自己说的话HetoldeveryonehewasabsolutelycertainthathisarticlewouldbepublishedbytheTimes，butwhentheletterofrejectioncame，hehadtoeathisownwords.e.g.Nownobodywillbelievehim,becausehehasthehabitofbreakinghisownwords. topullsb.’sleg≠拖后腿愚弄某人,和某人开玩笑hinder,bedragonabigfishinasmallponde.g.---I’mjustpullingyourleg.---Don’tpullmyleg.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg.---Don’tpullmyleg.I’mmovingsohard.≠小塘容不下大鱼小地方或小范围内的大人物,林无鸟，雀为王．