口译技巧(称谓、谚语和引语).ppt 34页

口译技巧与实践第一单元口译技巧 口译技巧IntroducingskillsinInterpretingI-I称谓口译I-II谚语口译I-III引语口译I-IV数字口译I-V口译笔记 各类机构或组织的首长：通用词：head特定的、规范的称谓语：大学校长president中小学校长principal，headmaster局长director省长governorI-I称谓口译InterpretingTitles 首席长官“总…”chief,general,head,managing总书记generalsecretary总工程师chiefengineer总编辑editor-in-chief；managingeditor总经理generalmanager；managingdirector；executivehead总教练headcoach总干事secretary-general；commissioner总指挥commander-in-chief；generalissimo总领事consul-general总监chiefinspector；inspector-general总厨headcook；chefI-I称谓口译 副职的头衔“副…..”vice,associate,assistant,deputy副主席vicechairman/president副总理vicepremier副省长vicegovernor副处长deputydirector副导演assistantdirector行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔“副”---associate副教授associateprofessor副主编associatemanagingeditor副主任医师associateseniordoctorI-I称谓口译 有的职位头衔如manager，其副职头衔可用assistant副总经理assistant/deputygeneralmanagerassistant/deputymanagingdirector大堂副理assistantmanagerDirector,secretary,mayor,dean“副”---deputy学术头衔系列中的初级职称，“助理”助理教授assistantprofessor助理研究员assistantresearchfellow助理工程师asssistantengineerI-I称谓口译 行业职称头衔“高级”：senior高级工程师seniorengineer行业职称/职务中的最高级别：“总”“高级”“首席”chief首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer首席法官chiefjudge首席代表chiefrepresentative机构/行业最高级职务：“长”审判长presidingjudge,chiefjudge,chiefofjudges护士长headnurse秘书长secretary-general参谋长chiefofstaffI-I称谓口译 “主任”、“主治”、”特级”、“特派”、“特约”主任编辑associatesenioreditor主任秘书chiefsecretary主任医师seniordoctor主治医师attending/chiefdoctor;physician,consultant特级教师special-gradeseniorteacher特派记者accreditedcorrespondent特约编辑contributingeditor特约记者specialcorrespondentI-I称谓口译InterpretingTitles “代理”acting“常务”managing“执行”executive“名誉”honorary代理市长actingmayor常务副校长managingvicepresident执行秘书executivesecretary名誉校长honorarypresident/principalI-I称谓口译InterpretingTitles 常务委员memberofthestandingcommittee办公室主任officemanager博士生导师doctoralstudentsupervisor客座教授visitingprofessor院士academician业务经理service/business/operationmanager注册会计师chartered/certifiedpublicaccountant学习标兵studentpacemaker劳动模范modelworker优秀员工outstandingemployee,employeeofthemonth/yearI-I称谓口译I-I称谓口译InterpretingTitles I-II谚语口译InterpretingProverbs英汉谚语形式与意义对比4种类型的谚语形同意合形似意合形异意合形意相异 “形同意合”---直接对应Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.吃一暂，长一智。Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。Thestyleistheman.文如其人。Tobearmedtotheteeth武装到牙齿形同意合 “形同意合”---直接对应Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达。Businessisbusiness.公事公办。Thetonguecutthethroat.祸从口出／言多必失。Misfortunesnevercomealone.祸不单行。Constantdrippingwearsthestone.滴水石穿。Wallshaveears.隔墙有耳。形同意合 “形同意合”---直接对应Fishintroubledwaters.浑水摸鱼。Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。Manproposes,Goddisposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见为净。Outofoffice,outofdanger.无官一身轻。Theremembranceofthepastistheteacherofthefuture.前事不忘，后事之师。形同意合 “形似意合”---间接对应Beatthedogbeforethelion.杀鸡儆猴。Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌Speakofthedevil(andhewillappear.)说曹操，曹操到。Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火。Teachfishtoswim.班门弄斧。Haveacardupone’ssleeve.胸有成竹。Putthecartbeforethehorse.本末倒置。形似意合 “形似意合”---间接对应Giftsblindtheeyes.拿了手软；吃了嘴软。Thesameknifecutbreadandfingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。Asparrowcannotunderstandtheambitionofaswan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。Peaceontheforeheadandwarinthemind.口蜜腹剑。Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。Betterdiewithhonorthanlivewithshame.宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。形似意合 “形似意合”---间接对应Diamondcutdiamond。强中更有强中手。Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪。Don’tbitethehandthatfeedsyou.不要恩将仇报。(不要“狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心”)Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.天涯何处无芳草。Astraightfootisnotafraidofacrookedshoe.身正不怕影子斜。Killtwobirdswithonestone.一箭双雕、一石双鸟形似意合 “形异意合”---间接对应Ahorsestumblethathasfourlegs.人非圣贤；孰能无过？/金无足赤，人无完人。Latefruitkeepswell.大器晚成。Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.君子之交（淡于水）。Restbreedsrust.生命在于运动。Manykissthebabyforthenurse’ssake.醉翁之意不在酒。Allyourswansaregeese.事与愿违Pennywiseandpoundfoolish.因小失大形似意合 “形异意合”---间接对应Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.三个和尚无水喝。Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines.小巫见大巫。Thepotcallthekettleblack.五十步笑一百步。Misfortunemightbeablessingindisguise.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。Theburntchilddreadsthefire.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。Justicehaslongarms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏Awatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了热豆腐。形似意合 “形异意合”---间接对应Don’tcountthechickenbeforetheyarehatched.不要盲目乐观。Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.失之东隅，收之桑榆Saveyourbreathtocoolyourporridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜Theshepherdwouldratherlosethewoolthanthesheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧.形似意合 形意相异---直译、意译、直译+意译按图索骥lookforafinehorsewiththeaidofitspicturetrytolocatesth.byfollowingupaclearclue干打雷，不下雨allthunderbutnorainmuchclamor(吵闹声)butnoaction形意相异 “形意相异”---直译、意译、直译+意译三下五除二neatandquickastitchintimesavesnine.小洞不补，大洞吃苦。/亡羊补牢Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏。形意相异 I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations1992江泽民英国剑桥大学演讲，“中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值，还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出‘民为贵’的思想，认为‘天生万物，唯人为贵’，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。”Manisthemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatheavenfosters.演讲结束时：“中国两千五百五十年前诞生的杰出教育家、思想家孔子说过：‘逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。’时光流逝不可逆转。”Thepassageoftimeisjustliketheflowofwater,whichgoesondayandnight. I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations1999朱镕基总理访美记者招待会，有关“人权”问题，引用‘民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻’Thepeoplearethemostimportantelementinastate;nextarethegodsoflandandgrain;leastistherulerhimself.2004年6月28日，“和平共处五项原则创立50周年纪念大会”，温家宝总理关于人类文明多样性：‘万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖’（孔子）Alllivingcreaturesgrowtogetherwithoutharmingoneanother;waysrunparallelwithoutinterferingwithoneanother. 温家宝总理上任的记者招待会林则徐：“苟利国家生死已，岂因祸福趋避之”Ishallservemycountrytilltheendofmylife,regardlessoffortunesormisfortunes.毛泽东：“雄关漫道真如铁，而今迈步从头越。”Thestrongpassoftheenemyislikeawallofiron,yetwithfirmstridesweareconqueringitssummit.屈原：“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”Myjourneyislongandwinding,Iwillkeeponexploringmywayfarandwide.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 2005.6.26温家宝第六届亚欧财长会议开幕式：“中国有句古话：‘相知无远近，万里尚为邻’。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明，古老而美丽的‘丝绸之路’，谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。”Distancecannotseparatetruefriendswhofeelsocloseevenwhentheyarethousandsofmilesapart.1984.4美国前总统里根访华:AndasasayingfromTheBookofChangesgoes,“Iftwopeopleareofthesamemind,theirsharpnesscancutthroughmetal.”“二人同心，可以断金”（《易经》）I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 1998.6美国前总统克林顿访华，人们大会堂国宴：Insomanydifferentways,weareupholdingtheteachingsofMencius,whosaid:‘Agoodcitizeninonecommunitywillbefriendtheothercitizensofthecommunity;agoodcitizenoftheworldwillbefriendtheothercitizensoftheworld.’一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士，天下之善士斯友天下之善士。（孟子）I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 1997江泽民访美：Somethingattempted,somethingdone.(Longfellow)有所追求，才有所成功。1998克林顿访华，西安：Hereinthiscityofyourmagnificenthistorywemustalwaysrememberthatwe,too,areancestors.Somedayourchildrenandtheirchildrenwillaskifwedidallwecouldtobuildjustsocietiesandamorepeacefulworld.Letourmonumentbetheirjudgmentthatwedidthat.Letourprogressincludeallpeoplewithalltheirdifferencesmovingtowardacommondestiny.LetusgivenewmeaningtothewordswrittenintheancientBookofRiteswhatyoucalltheLiJi:“Whenthegreatwayisfollowed,allunderheavenwillbeequal.”XieXie.Thankyouverymuch.大道之行也．天下为公．选贤与能．讲信修睦．故人不独亲其亲．不独子其子．使老有所终．壮有所用．幼有所长．矜寡孤独废疾者．皆有所养．男有分．女有归．货恶其弃于地也．不必藏于已．力恶其不出于身也．不必为已．是故谋闭而不兴．盗窃乱贼而不作．故外户而不闭．是谓大同．(《礼记。礼运》（卷七）)I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 古今名人经典名句：海内存知已，天涯若比邻Abosomfriendafarbringsdistancenear.工欲善其事，比先利其器。Themechanicsthatwouldperfecthisworkmustfirstsharpenhistools.天生我材必有用Heavenhasendowedmewithtalentsforeventualuse.路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。Thewayaheadislongandhasnoending,yethighandlowI’llsearchwithmywillunbending.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 古今名人经典名句：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。Itissuchadelighttohavefriendscomingfromafar.锲而不舍，金石可镂。Ifyoucarvewithoutabreak,evenmetalandstonecanbeengraved.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。Wewidenourviewsthreehundredmilesbyascendingoneflightofstairs.天行健，君子以自强不息。AsHeaven’smovementisevervigorous,somustagentlemanceaselesslystrivealong.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 古今名人经典名句：学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger.地势绅，君子以厚德载物。AstheEarth’scapacityistohold,somustagentlemanconstantlycultivatevirtueinhimselftoshouldertheworld.天时不如地利，地利不如人和。OpportunitiesvouchsafedbyHeavenareoutmatchedbyterrestrialadvantages,whichinturnareoutmatchedbytheharmonyamongpeople.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 古今名人经典名句：富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之谓大丈夫。Itistrueagreatanwhomnomoneyandrankcanconfuse,nopovertyandhardshipcanshake,andnopowerandforcecansuffocate.不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。Onecanneverbeawareoftheheightoftheskyorthedepthoftheearth,ifhedoesnotclimbupahighmountainorlookdownintoadeepabyss.合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。Ahugetreethatfillsone’sarmsgrowsfromatinyseedling;anine-storiedtowerrisesfromaheapofearth;athousandlijourneystartswiththefirststep.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 古今名人经典名句：千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之室，以突隙之烟焚。Alongdikewillcollapsebecauseofanant-holeinit;atallbuildingwillbeburneddownbecauseofasparkfromachimney’schink.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。Amonganythreemenwalking,Iwillfindsomethingtolearnforsure.Theirgoodqualitiesaretobefollowed,andtheirshortcomingsaretobeavoided.学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。君子博学而日参省乎已，则知明而行无过矣。Thereisneveranendtolearning.Thedyeextractedfromtheindigoisbluerthantheplant;soistheicecolderthanthewater.Bybroadlylearningandconstantlyexamininghimselfeveryday,thegentlemansharpenshisawarenessandmakesfewermistakes.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations 古今名人经典名句：知困，然后能自反也。知困，然后能自强也。故曰教学相长也。Knowingofhisdeficiencystimulateshimintoself-examination;thediscoveryofhisconfusionleadshimtoself-improving.Hence,teachingandlearningpromoteeachother.知人者智，知己者明。Tounderstandothers,ittakesintelligence;tounderstandyourself,ittakeswisdom.I-III引语口译InterpretingQuotations