- 936.46 KB
- 2022-06-17 15:39:01 发布
- 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
状语从句adverbialclause
状语从句简述状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,用于修饰主句中的谓语动词,形容词和副词等。状语从句一般由连词引导,连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。状语从句有时也可以有短语引起,也有是不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来。状语从句多位于句首或句尾。位于句首时一般要用逗号与主句隔开;位于句尾时,一般不与主句隔开。根据意义上的不同,状语从句主要被分为九种,既是九大状语从句。
九大状语从句010203040506070809时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句
时间状语从句常用引导词before:在……之前directly:一……就……bythetime:截至……after:在……之后since:自……以来till/untill:直到……when/while/as:当……的时候each/everytime:每次themoment:立刻,马上nosooner…than…:一……就…once:一旦……就……instantly:一……就……assoonas:一……就……immediately:一……就……hardly…when…:一……就……scarcely…when…:一……就…nomatterwhen/whenever:无论何时
beforebefore的意思是“在……之前”,常用来引导时间状语从句。Itis/was(not)+时间+before+从句Itwill(not)be+时间+before+从句例句:Itwasoneyearbeforehefinishedhiswork.Itwillbethreeweeksbeforehefinisheshiswork.
bythetimebythetime的意思是“截至……(时间)”,可以引导时间状语从句。bythetime引导时间状语从句时注意时态,当主句是一般现在时,从句用将来完成时;当主句时态是一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。例子:Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,Iwillhaveleftthiscityformyhometown.BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.
“by+时间”构成的短语bythen:截至那时bynineo"clock:截至九点钟bytheendoflastyear:截至去年年底bylastyear:截至去年bytheendofnextyear:截至明年年底
onceonce引导时间状语从句时,意思是“一……就……”。例句:Onceyouunderstandtherulesofthegame,youwillenjoyit.Onceyoubegin,youshouldgoon.once引导状语从句时,当从句主语和主句主语一致时,可以将从句主语和be动词省略。例句:Once(itis)printed,thebookwillbeverypopular.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.Once(itis)found,anymistakemustbecorrected.
assoonas和nosonner…than…等assoonas;nosooner...than...;hardly...when/before...;scarcely...when/before...;immediately;directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”当主句是一般将来时,从句习惯用assoonas引导,从句时态为一般现在时。immediately;directly;nosooner...than...;hardly...when/before...;scarcely...when/before...;等引导的从句往往是一般过去时,主句则是过去完成时时态。以上两点只做了解,多数情况下可以通用。为了加强语气,主句还可以用倒装语序。
例句Theywillpostthethreeticketstomeassoonastheyrerceivemycheck.IgavethealarmassoonasIsawthesmoke.Immediatelyshehadgone,Iremenberedhername.Thefanscriedassoonastheysawthemoviestar.=Thefanshadnosoonerseenthemoviestarthantheycried.=Thefanshadhardlyseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.=Thefanshadscarcelyseenthemoviestarthantheycried.=Nosoonerhadthefansseenthemoviestarthantheycried.=Hardlyhadthefansseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.=Scarcelyhadthefansseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.
whenever和nomatterwhenwhenever和nomatterwhen意思是“无论什么时候”,everytime和eachtime的意思是“每次”。例句:WheneverIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.=NomatterwhenIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.=EverytimeIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.=EachtimeIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.
地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点,方位,通常由连词where和复合关系词wherever(以及nomatterwhere)引导。where作连词引导地点状语,意思是:“在……地方”。You"dbettertomakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.=Whereyouhaveanyquestionyou"dbettertomakeamark.wherever/nomatterwhere意思是“无论在哪里,无论到哪里”,引导状语从句多位于句首。Whereverhemaybe,hewillbehappy.=Nomatterwherehemaybe,hewillbehappy.
Where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,期前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,它引导的从句修饰主语的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词。Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmandwhereitisrainoften.=Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmandwhereitisrainoften2.有时候,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句前面。而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句前面。Wherethereiswater,thereislife.
表示原因的状语从句表示原因的状语从句常用的引导词:because(因为)since(既然)nowthat(既然)as(由于)seeingthat(由于,鉴于,因为)consideringthat(考虑到,鉴于)1.Because的意思是“因为”,表示直接原因,语气较重,常用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。Whyareyoulateforschoolthismorning?BecauseIgotuplate.Because不与so连用。Heisdisappointedbecausehefailedagain.
2.since的意思是“既然”,表示对方已经知道的原因或理由,语气比because轻。Sinceyouarenotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutit.Sincenooneisagainstit,wewillpassit.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomebodyelse.3.as的意思是“由于”,表示较为明显的原因,语气较弱。Asitissnowing,you’dbettertakeatax.Asyourequestit,Iwillcome.(语气较轻)Iwillcomebecauseyourequestit.(语气较重)
because,since,as,for的区别:A.都可以译为“因为”,但是because语气最重,其次是since,as,for。B.Because,since,as都是从属连词,但for是并列连词,for用来解释前一个分句的原因或理由,for引导的是并列句,放在所要说明的句子的后面。C.Because引导的原因状语从句即可以放在主句后面,也可以放在主句前面。而since,as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首。而for只能置于句中,并且前面用逗号与前一句分开。Iwenttoseehim,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.
4.nowthat的意思是“既然”,seeingthat的意思是“由于,鉴于,因为”consideringthat的意思是“考虑到,鉴于”Nowthatyouareaman,youmustnotdosuchathing.Seeingthathehasbeenoffsickallweek,heisunlikelytocometodaySheknowsquitealotaboutit,considering(that)sheisveryyoung.
条件状语从句条件状语从句常用的引导词:incase(万一)unless(除非)as/solongas(只要)if(如果)provided/providingthat(如果)suppose/supposingthat(如果)onconditionthat(如果)注意下划线that可省略
if和unlessif的意思是“如果”。Unless的意思是“除非……,如果不……”unless=if…not…。Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorcomments,youcanvoicethemnow.(如果你有任何意义,现在可以向他们提出来)Ifyoudon’tvisithimtomorrow,hewillbeangry.=Unlessyouvisithimtomorrow,hewillbeangry.
incaseIncase的意思是“万一,以防”,常用于引导条件状语从句。Takeacoatincasetheweatherturnscold.I’llleaveyoumyphonenumberincaseyouwanttocontactme.“incase+从句”和“incaseof+名词”都表示“以防,万一”Theywon’tbeabletogototheparkincaseitrains.=Incaseofraintheycan’tgotothepark.“inthatcase”意思是“如果那样的话”需要用虚拟语气。Inthatcase,hewouldbepunished.
aslongas和solongasaslongas和solongas的意识都是“只要”时,可互换。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,wewillfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.Youcangotoseethefilmas/solongasyouarriveatthecinemaontime.aslongas作为“……之久”讲时不与solongas通用。Keepitaslongasyoucan.(你能把它保留多久,就保留多久)
providedthat和supposingthat等provided/providingthat,suppose/supposingthat和onconditionthat的意思都是“如果”。都可以引导条件状语从句。Weshallsignthecontractprovided(that)thereisnoopposition.Providingthereisnoobjection,weshallmakeadecision.Supposingitrains,shallwevisitthemuseum?Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.
条件状语从句的时态当主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时。具体情况根据句意来判断。He’llbeadoctorwhenhefinishesstudyinghere.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillstart.Ifyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.有时候主句会用祈使句和情态动词来代替时态。Ifyougetthebook,letmeknow.(祈使句)Ifyoudrink,don’tdrive.(祈使句)
如果主句谓语动词是want,hope等,则条件状语从句用一般现在时。Whatdoyouwanttodoifyouhavemuchmoney?IhopetoseeherifIamfree.(如果我有空,我希望去看看她。)根据实际情况,有些句子的主句,从句都可以用一般现在时。Ifyouringthisnumber,nooneanswers.(如果打这个号码,不会有人接听)Ifyoupresstheswitch,thecomputercomeson.(按下这个按钮,计算机就会启动)有时候if引导的从句也可用will,但will表意愿。Ifyou’lljustwaitamoment,Iwillfindsomeonetohelpyou.Ifyouwon’tgo,youneedn’tgo.
表目的,结果的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词:that;sothat;inorderthat.结果状语从句常用的引导词:sothat;so…that…;such…that…;so(many/much)…that…
sothataothat的意思是“目的是……,结果……”引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语动词常有can,could,may,might,will,would等情态动词。引导结果状语从句时,通常没有情态动词。ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotherapresentonMonday’sDay.(目的)ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothatheboughthismotherapresentonMonday’sDay.(结果)Healwaysstudieshardsothathemaymakegreatprogress.(目的)Healwaysstudiedhardsothathemadegreatprogress.(结果)
inorderthatInorderthat的意识是“以便……,为了……”。Inorderthat和sothat一样表示目的时,从句的谓语动词常有can,could,may,might,will,would等情态动词。Sheraisedhervoiceinorderthatshemightbeheard.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshemightbeheard.Inorderthat和sothat的意思与inorderto和soasto表示目的时的意思一样,译为“为了……、以便……”。但是不定式后面接的是简单句。Sheraisedhervoicesoastobeheard.Inordertobeheardsheraisedhervoice.Tobeheardsheraisedhervoice.
so…that…和such…that…So…that…和such…that…意思都是“如此……以至于……”,二者都可以引导条件状语从句,含义相同,但二者用法有所区别。具体情况如下:句型一:so+形容词/副词+thatHewasinjuredsobadlythathehadtobesendtothehospital.=Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtobesendtothehospital.(so位于句首时,句中要用倒装/他伤势很重,不得不去医院)“sothat+否定句”可以和“too…to…”互换。“too…to…”的意思是“太……以至于不能……”Shewassoexhaustedthatshecouldn’tmoveon.=Shewastooexhaustedtomoveon.
句型二:such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHeissuchacleverboythatalltheteacherslikehim.Heissocleveraboythatalltheteacherslikehim.把红字短语背下来句型三:such+形容词+不可数名词+thatsuch+形容词+复数可数名词+that特殊:当不可数名词前面有much,little修饰,当可数名词复数前面有many,few修饰,要用so而不是such。so+much/little+不可数名词+thatsuch+many/few+可数名词复数+that
例句:Itissuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.Hehadsomuchworktodothathehadtoworklateintothenight.Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.TherearesofewapplesthatIcan’tgiveyouany.
表示让步的状语从句让步状语从句常用的引导词:though/although(虽然)nomatter+疑问词(who/what/when/which/where/how)无论谁/无论什么/无论什么时候/无论哪个/无论在哪里/无论怎样evenif/eventhough(即使)whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever/however无论谁/无论什么/无论什么时候/无论哪个/无论在哪里/无论怎样
Though和althoughThough和although都当“虽然”讲,都可以和yet或still连用,但都不能与but连用。(yet用于否定句和疑问句中,放在句尾,意思是“然而,尽管”)Althoughhewaswornout,hestillkeptonworking.=Thoughhewaswornout,hestillkeptonworking.=Hestillkeptonworkingthoughhewaswornout.=Hewaswornoutbuthestillkeptonworking.(画下划线still可省略,wornout译为“疲倦的,精疲力竭的”)
在倒装句中,只能用though或as,不能用although。Althoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.=Hardthoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.==Hardasheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.(尽管他努力学习,但他没有取得什么进步)
Evenif和eventhoughEvenif相当于eventhough,所表达的意思是“即使,尽管,虽然……也……”其表达的意思比although更强烈。We’llmakeatripevenif/eventhoughtheweatherisbad.Evenif/Eventhoughitisraining,I’llgotowork.Evenif和eventhough在虚拟语气和陈述句中意思不同。EvenifIwereill,Iwouldattendthemeeting.即是我生病了,我也会去参加会议。EvenifIamill,Iwillattendthemeeting.虽然我生病了,我也要参加会议。
“Nomatter+疑问词”和“疑问词-ever”Nomatterwho=whoever(无论是谁)Nomatterwhat=whatever(无论什么)Nomatterwhen=whenever(无论什么时候)Nomatterwhere=wherever(无论在哪里)Nomatterwhich=whichever(无论哪一个)Nomatterhow=however(无论怎样)Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou.=Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.
表示比较的状语从句比较状语从句主要运用于形容词、副词的原级,比较级和最高级的句子之中。原级常用的引导词:as…as…/notso…as…/notas…as…比较级常用引导词:more…than…最高级常用的引导词:themost…in…/themost…of…
more…than和themore…ofmore…than…(……比……更……)themore…of…(两者之中,更……)Thisfilmismoremovingthanthatone.这个电影比那个更感人。Thisfilmisthemoremovingofthetwofilms.这部电影是这两部电影之中比较感人的。Thisfilmisthemostmovingofthethreefilms.这部电影是这三部电影中最感人的。
“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than”no+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than(与……一样都不……)not+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than(不如/不像……那样…)Sheisnomorediligentthanhersisters.=Neithershenorhersistersarediligent.她与她的姐妹们一样都不勤奋。Sheisn’tmorediligentthanhersisters.=Sheisnotasdiligentashersisters.她不如她的姐妹们那样的勤奋。
“A+动词+nomore+B+than+C+动词+D”“A不是B,正如C不是D”“A对B,正如C对D”WecannomoreleavethePartythanfishcanleavewater.我们离不开党正如鱼儿离不开水一样
表示倍数的常用句型A+基数词+timesas+形容词/副词原级+as+B(A是B的几倍)Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。Thisredboxishalfaslargeastheblueone.这个红色的盒子是那个蓝色的盒子的一半大。A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B(B是A的几倍)Theageofmygrandpaisfourtimestheageofmine.=Theageofmygrandpaisfourtimesthatofmine.=Theageofmygrandpaisfourtimesasoldasmine.我爷爷的年龄是我的四倍。
A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B(A比B大/小/长……几倍)Theholeisfivetimesdeeperthanthatone.=Thisholeissixtimesasdeepasthatone.=Thisholesixtimesthedepthofthatone.这个洞是那个洞的六倍深。形似比较级的固定搭配:nomorethan+基数词(只不过,仅仅,只有……)notmorethan+基数词(至多,不超过……)Ispentnomorethanfivedaysreadingthisbook.(用五天时间)Ispentnotmorethanfivedaysreadingthisbook.(用不到五天时间)注意以上例句背下来
表示方式的状语从句表示行为方式的状语从句常由as,asif,asthough,justas等引导,而且多置于主句之后,有时方式状语从句不用连词引导,而是用词或词组引导。as引导方式状语从句时,通常的意思是“依照……,像……一样,如……”Hemustdoasthedoctoradvises.他必须按照医生说的去做。Heattendedthemeetingontimeashehadbeentoldto.他按照要求,准时出席了会议。
justas引导方式状语从句时,意识是“正如……”Shewenttothebeachwithmejustasshehadpromisedmetodo.正如她允诺我的,她陪我一起去了海边。Ididitjustasyoutoldme.我正是按照你说的去办的。asif和asthough引导方式状语从句时,意思是“好像……;似乎……”当谓语是虚拟语气时,则表示与事实相反。当用于陈述语气时,表示所说的情况是事实或现实的可能性较大。Iloveyouasifyouweremydaughter.我爱你就像你是我的女儿。虚拟语气
Hebehavesasifhewereasuperstar.他的行为举止就像一个巨星。虚拟语气Hepausedasthoughhefoundsomedifficulty.他停了停,仿佛遇到了一些困难似的。陈述语气Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.看上去好像要下雨。陈述语气方式状语从句有时候用词或词组引导。Heisbehavinginthesamewayhisfatherusedto.IwasneverallowedtodothingsthewayIwantedtodothem.
DreamHoldfasttodreams,ForwhendreamsgoLifeisabarrenfieldFrozenwithsnow.