中考英语语法-主谓一致课件.pptx 43页

主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则 (2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。 2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。 3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如： either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则 三、概念一致原则1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。None和neither有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。 2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof(就后原则)3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。 4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。 6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。 9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。 11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。 1.Thiskindofmen____dangerous.2.Menofthiskind_____dangerous.3.Betweenthetwowindows______apicture.(hang)4.Lotsofdamage____causedbyfire.5.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurface____coveredwithwater.6.Three-fifthsoftheworkershere___women. 7.Anumberofstudents_____(have)gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.8.Thenumberofpagesinthisbook______twohundred.9.Alargequantityofpeople___neededhere.10.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)_____onthetable. 11.Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damage____doneinaveryshorttime.12.Largeamountsofmoney___spentonthebridge.13.Oneandahalfbananas___leftonthetable.14.Theblind____inspecialschool.15.Thedeparted(死者)_____awell-knownengineer. 16.NowTomwithhisclassmates___footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying17.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be 18."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one"sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her19.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft 20.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand21.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours_____towaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughforyouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou 22.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting23.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher24.Whatweneed______goodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has 25._______hasbeendone.A.ninety—ninepercentsoftheworkB.HalfofwhathepromisedC.Two-fifthsofthearticlesD.Threequarterofthebusiness26.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging27.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has 27.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has28.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was29.NobodybutJane____thesecret.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown 31.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were32.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered33.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be 34.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were35.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided I.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题: 1.Thiskindofmen____dangerous.2.Menofthiskind_____dangerous.II.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:3.Betweenthetwowindows______apicture.isarehangs III.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如: 4.Lotsofdamage____causedbyfire.5.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurface____coveredwithwater.6.Three-fifthsoftheworkershere___women.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”。但是,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：wasisare 7.Anumberofstudents_____gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.8.Thenumberofpagesinthisbook______twohundred.haveis 注意:a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。9.Alargequantityofpeople___neededhere.is quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:10.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)_____onthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。were IV.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如: 11.Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damage____doneinaveryshorttime.12.Largeamountsofmoney___spentonthebridge.waswere V.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：13.Oneandahalfbananas___leftonthetable.is VI.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如： 14.Theblind____inspecialschool.15.Thedeparted(死者)_____awell-knownengineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.studywas 16.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying17.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.beDB 18."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one"sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her19.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleftAC 20.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand21.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours_____towaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughforyouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyouAB 22.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting23.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areherBC24.Whatweneed______goodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasB 25._______hasbeendone.A.ninety—ninepercentsoftheworkB.HalfofwhathepromisedC.Two-fifthsofthearticlesD.ThreequarterofthebusinessB26.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hangingB27.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.hasB 27.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has28.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was29.NobodybutJane____thesecret.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownBBB 31.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were32.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered33.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.beDAB 34.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were35.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedCC