高考英语语法-句子成分的划分.pptx 133页

(四)表语句子中表语主要用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质、职业、数量、方向或处所等。表语一般位于连系动词之后，与连系动词共同构成谓语。可以充当表语的主要有名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、动名词、数词以及从句等。 表语（predicative）连系动词1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表语2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)Mysisterisanurse.Shegotangry. 1．(2015•湖北高考短文写作)Althoughtheanswerseemedalittlestrange,nobodybutIdoubtedit.尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语)2．Asisknowntous,seeingisbelieving.常言道，眼见为实。(ving作表语)__________________ (2014.全国卷ǁ）Justbe________(patience) 定语:(attribute)（Noun/Pronoun）这是一节生动有趣的课．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些难题要处理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定语后置定语Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。 1．(2015•安徽高考书面表达)Finally,Iwouldliketoaskafewquestionsabouthispersonallife,whichmustbeveryinteresting.最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。(从句作定语)2．Asamatteroffact,thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisofgreatimportance.事实上，昨天讨论的问题很重要。________________________ ①表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow…Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？②表地点：inChina,attheairport…Isawastudentintheclassroom.我在教室里看见一个学生． ③表原因:because,as,for,since…他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.⑤表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder. ⑥表条件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.⑦表让步:inspiteof,despite,although,though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.⑧表程度:very,enough,tosomeextent…那里的风景非常漂亮．Thescenerythereisverybeautiful. ⑨表方式:likethat,as,asif…不要那样看我．Don’tlookatmelikethat!⑩表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.with 画出下列句子的状语Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain. 七.补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。 1．(2015•天津高考书面表达)Hopefully,thesebookswillhelpthestudentstoknowandlearnChinesebetter.这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。(不定式短语作宾补)2．Ourcountrywillbemademoreandmorebeautifulifwetryourbest.如果我们竭尽全力，我们的国家将会变得越来越美丽。(形容词作主补) 同位语:(appositive)我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。 一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn"tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill. (二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject. (三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep. (四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus. (五)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast. ⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou"velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine. Fivebasicsentencepattern英语五大基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶＯｏ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 1.Ｓ＋Ｖ(主＋谓)Ｖ是不及物动词1.Thesunrose.2.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.3.Theytalkedforhalfanhour. 2.Ｓ+Ｖ(系动词)+Ｐ(表语)1.Thedinnersmellsgood.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.Ourwellhasgonedry.4.Hisfaceturnedred. 3.S+V+O(V是及物动词)例如：1.Isawafilmyesterday.2.Theybuiltahouselastyear.3.Youshouldlookafteryourchildrenwell. 4.S+V+O1+O2(V是及物动词)在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get,warn等。例：sheorderedherselfanewdress.shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal. 5.S+V+O+CThewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Tips：宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系 a.ＳＶb.ＳＶＰc.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶＯｏe.ＳＶＯＣ1.Pleasetellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabecPractice