高考英语语法：Grammar句子成分.pptx 51页

Grammar ThepastparticipleastheAttributePredicativeandtheobjectcomplement.过去分词充当定语、表语和宾语补足语。⑴作用与用法：过去分词(表示完成和被动的动作)具有形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。 ①定语过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。 如:Thebrokenwindow(=Thewindowwhichwasbroken)willbereplacedsoon.破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。Thebooksboughtyesterday(whichwereboughtyesterday)areofhighquality.昨天买的书确实很不错。 ②表语过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。如:I’minterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyJinYong.我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。 ③宾语补足语作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:A.see,hear,watch,feel,think,find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。Wefoundhergreatlychanged.我们发现她变了很多。 B.make,get,have,help,leave等表示“致使”意义的动词Whatmadethemsofrightened?C.like,want,wish,order等表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。 ⑵现在分词与过去分词的区别:①定语中现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在进行”,此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前”等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。 如:Iknowthemanstandingthere.我认识站在那儿的那个人。Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活动吗？ ②表语现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着“起这种作用”;而过去分词作表语具有被动含义,意味着“受这种影响”。如:Theworkwastiring.这项工作挺累人的。Theworkerweresoontired.工人们很快就感到累了。 注意:作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作:Thebookiswellwritten.(表语)Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.(被动语态) ③宾语补足语现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。如:Iheardsomeonecallingme.Iheardmynamecalled.我听见有人喊我。 配套练习 1._______(污染的)airandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.2.Theproblem____________________(在会议上讨论的)yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.Polluteddiscussedatthemeeting完成句子。 3.Hebecame______(兴奋)whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.4.Iam_________(感兴趣)inthestory.5.Ihaven’tgotthefilm________(冲洗)yet.6.Doyouknowtheman_______(站)besidethedoor?excitedinteresteddevelopedstanding 单句改错7.Abreakingcupislyingonthefloor.breaking改为broken8.Themeetingholdsyesterdaywasveryimportant.holds改为held 9.WhenIenteredtheroom.IfoundMaryseatingbesidemymother.seating改为seated10.Whentheywokeup,theyfoundtheworldoutsidecompletelychanging.changing改为changed 11.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome____.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted单项填空 12.Youcanmakeyourself___inEnglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood 13.Hetriedto_______inJapanese.A.understandhimselfB.makehimselfunderstandingC.makehimselfunderstoodD.maketounderstand 14.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey___theproblemistomeetthedemand__bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made 15.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit___oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained 16.Heglancedoverather,___thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.havingnotedB.notedC.tonoteD.noting 17._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing 18.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange 19.Thediscdigitally____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded 20.Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt (3)过去分词短语作状语过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句,若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系,即是该分词动作的承受者。 1.过去分词作原因状语Greatlymovedbythefilm,theyallcried.他们看了那部电影深受感动,都哭了。Surroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.身边围着一群年轻人,老人感到很高兴。 2.过去分词作状语,表示伴随情况或方式。Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。Hewalkedupanddowntheroom,lostinthought.他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。Filledwithextraordinarystrength,heraisedhimself.他使出全身的力气站了起来。 3.过去分词作状语,还可以表示:Givenmuchtime,wecoulddoitbetter.（条件）多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。Whenheated,icecanbechangedintowater.（时间）冰加热时变成水。 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于:过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系,而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。Seeinginthislight,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.Seeninthislight,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.提示: 1.___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose配套练习动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。 2.If___thesametreatmentagain,he’ssuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven 3._____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding析:正确答案为C项。哈佛大学是1636年被建的,所以该空应填过去分词Founded作状语。 4._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared 5.___time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given6.___inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed 7.Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited 8.When_____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted析：正确答案为A项。博物馆是被完工的,所以该空应填过去分词completed作状语。 9.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun析：正确答案为D项。分析语境逻辑可知，该空含义为“(这研究)一旦被开始”，因此应填过去分词begun作状语。 10._____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven析:正确答案为A项。语境告诉我们“树是被给予关心的”,因此该空应填过去分词given作状语。 11.____forhisexpertadvice,Holmeswasabletohelpagreatnumberofpeoplewiththeirpersonalaffairs.A.HewasknownB.WellknownC.HavingknownD.Beenknown 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Theteachbuildings_____(build)in1960needrepairing.2.Ifoundmyschoolbag____(leave)inMary’sroom.builtleft 3._______(give)moretime,I’llfinishmyworkontime.4.Comparedwith_________(develop)countries,westillhavealongwaytogo.5.TheEnglishteacherenteredtheroom,_________(follow)byhisstudents.Givendevelopedfollowed (  )1._______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.(90’全国)   A.GivenB.TogiveC.Giving        D.Havinggiven.(  )2.Thecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool(93’全国)A.open       B.openingC.havingopened  D.openedAD高考链接 (  )3._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全国夏)    A.Havingsuffered   B.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedA(  )4.Theresearcherissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02’全国)A.begins           B.havingbegunC.beginning D.begunD (  )5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(03’上海春)A.invited        B.invitingC.beinginvited   D.havinginvitedA(  )6.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan______.(03’北京)A.kept          B.tobekeptC.keeping       D.havingkeptA (  )7.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)    A.tired;boring   B.tiring;boredC.tired;bored    D.tiring;boring(  )8.________time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(03’北京)    A.Havinggiven  B.TogiveC.Giving        D.GivenAD (  )9.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(94’全国)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwritten   D.written(  )10.________isthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96’全国) A.Losing     B.HavinglostC.Lost         D.ToloseDC (  )11.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(00’上海)A.Beingfounded  B.ItwasfoundedC.Founded    D.FoundingC(  )12.When_____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(02’上海春) A.completed     B.completingC.beingcompleted  D.tobecompletedA (  )13.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)    A.arebought     B.boughtC.beenbought    D.buyingB(  )14.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(02’上海)    A.beingknown   B.havingbeenknownC.tobeknown  D.knownD