2017新课改高中英语语法填空解题技巧(浙江) 7页

语法填空解题技巧语法填空是2014年新课标卷高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示.语法填空考查的内容与特点1、语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容？①语法和词汇（考试重点）②上下文连贯性（语境）2、语法填空命题特点是什么？侧重语境加语法语法占关键，共10个小题海题1.5分，满分15分，须在10分钟内完成短文长度150-200词左右，每格不一定1个词（特别是谓语或非谓语动词形式）语法填空考哪些语法项目？1、名词；2、代词；3、数词；4、介词和介词短语；5、连词；6、形容词；7、副词；8、冠词；9、动词；10、时态；11、被动语态；12、非谓语动词；13、构词法；14、句子种类；15、句子成分；16、简单句基本句型；17、主谓一致；18、并列复合句；19、主从复合句；20、间接引语；21、省略，•22、倒装；23、强调；24、虚拟语气。2、分析句子结构的能力；4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力语法填空题一能力要求1、阅读/理解语篇的能力；3、熟练运用语法的能力。语法填空题一解题方向重在基础语法和句子结构分析：从语法角度去考虑，填的是语法词，包括功能词和词形变换两个方面。不限定一个词，句子方面，要学会正确分析句子的结构，如主谓宾等；还要会区分主从句的层次。特别是动词的成分，是否谓语动词。Testpoints（考点）动词ra寸态，语态——主谓一致10空3-4空有提藏6-7空无提示词f谓语动词：-ing,-ed，todo名词：单复数、形容词词：比较级、最高级词性转换广连词（并列句）：and,but,or…弓I导词（从句themselves）:who,that,what...代词：they,him,our,…介词：in，on,to,for...冠词：a/an,the接性副词：however,therefore... Testmethods1.Logicthinking（逻辑推理）2.Sentenceanalysis（分析句子结构）定结构）3.Grammarknowledge（语法知识）4.Phrasesorsentencepatterns（S.Changesofwords（词性变化）Testpoint1:Logicthinking（逻辑推理）1.NowFIIgiveyousometipsonhowtomakefriendswithothers.Onewayisbeingbecausehonestyisveryimportantifyouwanttogetalongwellwiththosearoundyou.2.SoonafterDavidleftcollege,oneofhisuncles,whowasrichandhadnoofhisowndiedandleftDavidalotofmoney,sohedecidedtosetuphisowncompany.3.Totheirsurprise,thestolencarhadbeenreturnedandtherewasanoteinitthatsaid:"Iapologizefortakingyourcar.MywifewashavingababyandIhadtosendhertotheassoonaspossible.Pleaseforgettheinconvenience.Honestfchildren,hospitalTestpoint2:Sentenceanalysis（分析句子结构）Putwhatthesentenceneedsintotheblank♦What7sthefunctionoftheblankinthissentence?（1）Thenumberofpeople（speak）Chinesecontinuestorise,speaking（2）Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000ofwereself-fundedstu-dents（自费生）.ThemTestpoint3:Grammarknowledge（语法知识）1.从句----引导词（1）…Assoonasachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofexaminationswilldecidehisfutureofjob.that/which（2）Myfaceturnedredonhearingmymothersaid,what（3）wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wewillnotreallylearnthelanguage.If2.并列句----并列连词（and,but,or,so,while然而,when这时，etc）Withoutproperplanning,tourismcancauseproblems"..Iftourismcreatestoomuchtraffic,theinhabitantswillbecomeannoyedandunhappy.Theybegintodisliketourists,theytreatthemimpolitely.So 1.动词（谓语、非谓语）---usingtheverbsgiven♦AnalyzethesentencetofindoutwhetheryouneedtheFiniteVerb（谓语动词）orNon-finiteVerb（非谓语动词）A.(1)Thecityhasalreadyhadhomes,stores,andoffices(build)ontheMediterraneanSea.built(2)Averystrongwindblewintomyroom.Myvaluablenotes,lyingonmydeskintheroom,(fly)highintotheakflew(1)谓语动词①时态②语态③主谓一致A.IwascertainthatshewouldlikeitbecauseI(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood,hadbeentoldB.IwascertainthatshewouldlikeitbecauseI(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood,hadbrokenC.Hewasoneofthestudentswho(invite)tothemeeting,wereinvited(2)非谓语动词①~ing②~ed③todoA.Wemustpractisespeakingand(write)thelanguagewheneveryoucan.writingB.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson(receive)thegift,receivingC.Withtheproblem(solve),Iwasproudofmyachievement-solvedD.…anditisimportant(memorize)somebasicgrammarrules.tomemorize代词(1)Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearspoken,it(2)…theycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregardasunfitorunablepersons.Themselves(3)ThelittleboypulledrighthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinitHis5.adv.-however,therefore,instead,also,still,too,either,besides,otherwise…*FveneverbeentoChinaandIdonztknowmuchaboutittherefore6.art.-a,an,the(1)Whenyoumeetnewword,lookitupinyourdictionary.Yourdictionaryisyourmostusefulbook.a(2)…ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsawfirstquestion.The 5.PrepsitionsFirst,theyfailtofindsuitablewordstoexpressthemselvesduetoalimitedvocabulary...Thethirdreasonisthatnotenoughattentionispaidlistening,to(2)Thereisnoeasywaytosuccesslanguagelearning.In 5.Comparative,Superlativedegrees(1)Ihavespentmostofmycareerasatravellingsalesman.Thereisnothingloneliereatingmealsinacoffeeshop....than(2)Thewordsyouknowarecalledyourvocabulary.Youshouldtrytomakeyourvocabulary(big).Readasmanybooksaswecan.biggerTestpoint4:Phrasesorsentencepatterns(定结构）1.…wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldrfteatthatfood!Ilearnedshecouldn"teatthatfoodonlyafterIheardshebecamesick.强调旬式it2.1wassocarelessIhadforgottenallaboutthat,thatTestpoint5:Changesofwords(词性变化)1.MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent,appreciation2.Theycanseeplays,films,operasandshowsofeverykind，nottomentionthelatest(excite)footballmatch,exciting3.1mustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)them,misunderstand1.InthesmalltownsoftheUnitedStatesinthe(nineteen)century,thegeneralstorewaswhereeveryoneboughtthethingshecouldn"tmakeorgrowathome.nineteenthHowtodogrammaticalfillings?Steps:1.Lookthroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.2.Dealwiththesimpleonesfirst,suchasthosefixedpatternsortheonesgivingcertainwords.3.WhencomingacrossdifficultonesJustleavetilltheend.4.Checkwhatyouhavefilledintheblanksanddealwiththeblanksyoumissedjustnow.1.根据语法知识进行填充2.根据逻辑关系逬行填充3.根据语篇标志逬行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为"语篇标志词"。如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore,so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however,but,bytheway等。"语篇标志词"对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。4.根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如asamatterof,beproudof,bytheway,comefrom,congratulate...on...,devote...to…，earnone"sliving,keepone"sword,makeupone"smind等，对解题很有帮助。 1.根据句型搭配逬行填就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such...that...zitis…(forsb.)todosth.,Thereisnodoubtthat…，thereisnosenseindoingsth•等来解题。2.根据词汇知识进行填充指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接todo作宾语的动词，接todo作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接doing或done作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。3.根据生活常识进行填充课堂练习(GroupWork)专题练习1Inthepastagentlemanwouldofferhisseat_(1)_aladyonacrowdedbus.Butnow,hewillprobablylookoutofthewindoworhidebehindhisnewspaper,_(2)_(leave)theladystanding—(3)_someoneelsegetsoff.Youcan"tentirelyblamemenforthischangeinmanners._(4)_(go)arethedayswhenwomencouldbereferredtotheweak.Awholegenerationhasgrownupdemanding_(5)_(equal)withmeninjobs,ineducationandinsociallife.Holdadoorforsomewomen_(6)一youarelikelytoget_(7)_angrylectureontreatingwomen_(8)_weaklings.Takeagirloutforamealandshe"IIprobablyinsistonpaying_(9)一一shareofthebilkAllthese,accordingtosomesociologists,willchangemen"sattitudetowardswomenandtheconventionalactivepolitenessisperhapsslowlybeing_(10)_(replace)bytrueconsiderationfortheneedsandfeelingofwomen,sothatmencanseewomenasequalhumanbeings.1.to2.leaving3.until4.Gone5.Equality6.and7.an8.as9.her10.replaced课堂小结：Waystoimprove:1.focusonmaingrammarpointswhilereading〃聚焦"语言点♦阅读过程中，将注意力放到语言点上，"捕捉"文章中出现的各种语言点、对不理解的语法、句型进行必要的分析。2.basicgrammarknowledge掌握基础语法知识♦Themoredifficult,thebetter?-No.要牢牢掌握最常用的语法要点，达ai运用自如。3.wordsandphrases单词、短语的积累♦对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。拓展练习1InChinatodaythepublicholiday_(1)_(last)forthreedays,buttheSpringFestivalis」2)_oldestandmostimportantfestivalinChina,so_(3)_(tradition),thefestivalcontinues_(4)_the15thdayofthelunarmonth一(5)_theLanternFestivalisheld.Everywhereisdecorated_(6)_avarietyofdifferentsizedlanternsandthereismusicanddancinginthestreets.Onespecialfeatureisthedragondance,whereahugedragonheadandbody,_(7)_(support)byateamofdancers,weaves—(8)_wayaroundthestreets_(9)_(collect)moneyfromhousesonitsroute.OnceagainfoodplaysitspartandYuanxiaoisserved.Thisisasweetdumplingmade fromglutinousriceflourthatiseitherboiledor」io)一(fry).1.lasts2.the3.traditionally4.until5.when6.with7.supported8.its9.collecting10.fried专题练习2Wemaybevery_(1)_(please)withtherapidprogresswehavemadeineveryfieldofstudy,butwehavealmostdonenothingtoimproveourpresent一一(2)_(exam)systemswhichfocus一一(3)_testingthestudents"memoryinsteadoftheir_(4)_(able).Assoonasachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofexamination„(5)_willdecidehisfutureorjob.Infactagoodexaminationsystemshouldencouragestudentstothinkforthemselves,buttheexaminationnowdoesanythingbutthatItforcesthestudentstoremember」6)_istaughttogethighmarks.Thusthestudentswhocomeoutfirstintheexaminationoftenmaynotbethe_(7)_(good)intheirstudies.Inaddition,such_(8)一_examinationsystemoftendrivesteacherstocram(填鸭式教学)allthetimeandforcesthemtotrainstudentswhattodowiththe_(9)_(come)examination^Theremustbeabetterwaytotestastudent’strueabilityas_(10)_astheirknowledge.1.pleased2.examination3.on4.ability5,that/which6.what1.best8.an9.coming10,well专题练习3Some160yearsago,youngmenandwomenstreamedintoNewYork,Philadelphia,Boston-theUnitedStates"equivalent(对等物)ofChina"sShanghai,GuangzhouandBeijing.Alloftheseyoungpeople_(1)_searchingforwork,forriches,forfame.FewfoundanyofthatTherestjoinedthemasses_(2)_(work)hardatlow-leveljobstryingtosupport_(3)_andtheirfamilies.HoraceGreeley,_(4)_editorofawell-knownnewspaper,gavesoundadvicetothoseseekingwork."Donotloungeinthecities!Thereisroomandhealthinthecountry.Gowest"."Inthemid-19thcentury,_(5)_Greeleyissuedhiscalltogowest,Americawasonthebrink(边缘)ofdevelopingits_(6)_(west)regiions-much_(7)一Chinaistoday.Outwest,theunemployedcouldfindjobs._(8)_wasneededtheninAmericaiswhatisneedednowinChina"swesternexpanses(发展)：menandwomen_(9)_(determine)tomakesomethingofthemselves,menandwomenwithskillsany_(10)_(develop)nationmusthavetosurviveandprosper(繁荣).1.were2.working3