高中英语语法项目-主谓一致知识点分析全国通用 6页

高中语法复习-主谓一致一、概念主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间，即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。二、主谓一致的原则语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则三、就近原则（谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近他的主语）连词or,either…or…;neither…nor…;notonly…butalso…;not…but…;whether…or…在句子中连接主语或者在therebe句型中，谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。如：a.NeitheryounorIamyoung.b.Thereisabookandtwoapplesonthedesk.Therearetwoapplesandabookonthedesk.c.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.四、语法一致的原则①当主语用and或both…and…连接的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。当并列的主语指一个人，同一个事物或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。（breadandbutter,forkandknife,lawandorder等做主语时，谓语动词用单数）如：Breadandbutterisservedbeforelunch.Myfatherandteacherisstrictwithme.(father和teacher指同一人)Myfatherandmyteacherarestrictwithme.(father和teacher指两个人，看and后的名词有没有修饰语，如果有就用复数，如果没有就用单数)。②当主语后跟有短语aswellas,togetherwith,with,alongwith,including,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,andnot,morethan,except,besides,inadditionto…时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。如：a.You,ratherthan,yourteacher,areresponsibleforyourstudies.b.Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.③不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：a.Whethershecomesornotisofnomatter.b.Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.注意：what,who，which引导的主语从句和all引导的句子，根据意义而定。如：a.Whatweneedhereismoretime.(看表语，time不可数)b.Whatweneedherearesomeapples.(be动词后的为表语)c.Allarepresentandallisgoingwell.(所有人都到齐了，一切顺利)④当不定代词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。(either,neither,each,anybody,anyone,someone,nothing等)如：Eachofushasadictionary.=Theyeachhaveadictionary.用心爱心专心 ⑤关系代词who,that,which在引导的定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致。如：a.Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.b.I,whoamyourEnglishteacher,willdomybest.注意：a.Davidisoneoftheboyswho___adrivinglicense.b.Davidisthe(only)oneoftheboyswho___adrivinglicense.AarehavingBhavebeenChasDhavea.D(中心词为boys)b.C(中心词为theonly)⑥morethanone；every…andevery…；each…andeach…；oneandahalf+名词复数；manya…andmanya…;no…andno…它们这些词加名词做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：a.Everyboyandeverygirlinourclassisdiligent.b.Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.⑦分数、百分数，therestof/halfof/partof/majorityof+名词做主语时，谓语动词要和of动词后面的名词一致。如：a.80%ofthepeopleinChinaarefarmers.b.Two-thirdsoftheearthismadeupofvastocean.⑧anumberof+c.n.（pl.）许多，大量的，谓语动词用复数Thenumberof+c.n.(pl)……的数量，谓语动词用单数A（large）quantityof+n.许多，大量，谓语动词视of后面的名词来决定quantitiesof+n.许多，大量，谓语动词用复数如：a.Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.b.Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.Alargeamountof+u.n许多，大量，谓语动词用单数Largeamountsof+u.n许多，大量，谓语动词用复数如：Alargeamountofmoneyhasbeenspentontheproject.Largeamountsofmoneyhavebeenspentontheproject.⑨akindof+n.谓语动词一般用单数，但当kind为复数时，谓语动词用复数。如：a.Thiskindofmusicispopularamongpeople.b.Thesekindsofbooksareingreatdemand.⑩有些名词单数和复数形式一样，但做主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。如：means,works,deer;fish;sheep;Chinese;Japanese…Noteverymeansisuseful.Notallmeansareuseful.⑾在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.Seldomdosehegetupearly.用心爱心专心 一、意义一致的原则①表示书名、时间、距离、价值、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看，谓语动词用单数。如：a.Fourhundredismorethanwecanafford.b.Tendaysisalongtimetowaitforallanswers.②某些名词以s结尾，如maths,politics,physics,plastics,news等谓语动词用单数。如：Physicsisaveryinterestingsrbjact.③某些名词如people,cattle,police形式是单数，意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。如：cattlearefedwellinthevillage.Mostofthepeopleareinfavorofthenewpolicy.④the+adj表示人，谓语动词用复数，如：Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoorthe+adj,表示物，谓语动词用单数如：Thebeautifullivesforever.⑤某些名词如：clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses做主语，谓语动词用复数;但它们被apairof，asetof,aboxof,akindof,atypeof等修饰时，谓语动词用单数如：TheshoesarewornoutThepairofshoesiswornout.⑥集合名词做主语，强调整体，谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时，谓语动词用复数。如：public,family,class,crowd,population,groupetc,Hisfamilyisgoingout.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.巩固练习I.用所给的词的正确形式填空1.Such______ourplanforthefuture.Such______hiswordsthathetoldus.(be)2.Whatweneedbadly_______moretime.Whatweneednow________moresheep.(be)3.Eachofthem_______lightmusicandcountrymusic.Theyeach________lightmusicandcountrymusic.(enjoy)4.Nowthatall_______beenhere,let’schangetoanotherplace.Allthatshouldbedone________beendone.(have)5.Aknifeandfork_______onthetable.用心爱心专心 Aknifeandafork_______onthetable.(lie)6.One–thirdofthedeer________lostlastnight.One–thirdofthefish_______eatenupbyhimuptillnow.(be)7.Thesteelworks_______acrossthestreet.Plentyofworks_______translatedintomanylanguages.(be)8.Annisoneofthegirlswho_______failedinthedrivingtest.Annistheoneofthegirlswho______failedinthedrivingtest.(have)9.Theold______takinggoodcareofinourcountry.Theoldman_______takinggoodcareinmyfamily.(require)10.Partofthework_______beendone.Partoftheworkers_______beenthere.(have)II．选择填空。1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.A.amB.isC.areD.be2.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.was4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study5.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is6.Everyboyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like7.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are8.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.have9.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen10.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished11.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing12.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese13.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have14.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.用心爱心专心 A.doesn"tchangeB.don"tchangeC.changeD.changed15.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.J.KRowling’sworks____translatedintomanyforeignlanguages.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is17.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.was;fourD.were;four18.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica___oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were19.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is20.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen21."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are22.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching23Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them24.Thispairoftrousers____toolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.were25.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have26.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equal27.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes28.____ofthemoney____runout.A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;have29.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening30.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were31.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneededB.areneedingC.areneededD.need32.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC.areD.all33.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.用心爱心专心 A.isB.areC.haveD.has34.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.A.isB.areC.hasD.have35.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____.A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided36.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is37.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe38.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.were39.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are40.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasIII．完成句子1.Everyboyandeverygirl________________(有权利接受教育)inourcountry.(right)2.Thiskindofapple___________(销售很好)inthesupermarket.(sell)3.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,____________(正从事)theprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.(work)4.Recently,theChinesegovernment_________(捐赠了100万美元)toChile.(donate)5.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities__________(稳定上升)since1997.(rise)6.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents___________(要参加那个会议)thatisduetomorrow.(be,attend)7.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____________(正发挥着重要作用)indailycommunication.(part)8.ThepopulationofJiangsu___________(已经增长到1949年人口的两倍多)whatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.(grow)9.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_________(厌倦)havingoneexaminationafteranother.(tire)10.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict__________(被树木和草覆盖着).(cover)11.Manyaperson___________(高度评价)thefilmAvatar.(think)12.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboys___________(弹吉他)intheband.(play)13.Theworks_______________(建于20世纪60年代)willbetorndowntomakewayforanewsupermarket.(build)14._____________________(尽管每种方法都试了),wecan’tworkouttheproblem.(means)15.Betweenthetwotallbuildings____________(屹立着一座纪念碑).(stand)用心爱心专心