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多模态话语分析理论下的初中英语语法教学实证研究

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絲或种耗尖穿Hunan!NbmaCUniversity硕±学位论文乂nEmiricalStudofGrammarTeachinpygUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthe化niorMiddleSchool多模态话语分析理论下的初中英语语法教学实证研究教育硕壬学科专业学位类别□科学学位口专业学位邓林霞巧究生姓名黄慧敏卷控导师姓葦、职称论文编号—^湖南师范大学学位评定委员会办公室二—0五年六月 分类号密级学校代码10542学号201323080109AnEmiricalStudofGrammarTeachinpygUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化eJTumorMiddleSchool多模态话语分析理论下的初中英语语法教学实证研究研究生姓名邓林霞指导教师姓葦、职称黄慧敏教授学科专业学科(英语)教学■研究方向英语教学湖南师范大学学位评定委员会办公室二〇—五年六月 乂nEmpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachinUndergMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化eMiddleSdioolAThesisSubmittedtoForeinStudiesColleeggofHumanNormalUniversityInartialfulfillmentofthereuirementspqFortheDereeofMasterofEducationInthesubectofgjEnlishTeachinMethodologggyBDenLinxiaygUnderthesuervisionofpProfessorHuangHuiminChanshaHunang,June2015, ABSTRACT’GrammarlasacrucialroleinEnlishteachinandoucantavoidpygg,y打’it0matterwhetheroulUeach併leamEnlish.AsWilkinsDA.1973yg()pointsoutinLinguisticsinLanguaeTeachingwithoutrammarverg,gylittlecanbeconveedwithoutvocabularnothincanbeconveed.y,ygyHowever,nowadaysmiddleschoolstudentsshowlittleinterestingrammarlearningsotheirstudyingeffectshavebeengivenadirectimact.Thouhthesendalotofextrahourslearninrammarthepgypgg,ygai打litlefromitThesituationproves1;hatatraditionalgrammar,teachinmihtnotwellme別studentsdemands.ggWi化也edevelopmentofmodemeducationalkchnology,m山timodaldiscourseanalysisundersystematicfunctionallinguisticshasemered.Ingt-1996NewLondonGrouadvancedanewconcemultimodalteachin,ppg,inwhichthemultimodaltheorwasaliedintothelanguagebachin.yppgTheroumanaedtotakeadvantaeofmultimediaicturesrahsgpgg,p,gp,musicroudiscussionrolelaandotherchannelstomobilize,gp,py’learnerssen化sandstimulatetheirlearninintere巧soas化letthemgactivelarticiateinthednamicrocessoflanuaelearnin.Asayppypggg?modemteachingmethod,multimodalteachingcanhelpstudentsleameasilandeficenl.yityBasedon化e化eorofmultimodaldiscourseandthereviousypresearches化isaerdiscussesandresearchesonthefollowintwo,ppgI uestions:q1IsMDArammarteachinbeterthantraditionalrammarbachinin)gggg’middleschool?Ifeswhats出eadvantaeofMDArammarbachin?y,ggg2DoesMDArammarbachinghelstudentstob山Idtheirinterestin)gp’*rammar?IfesowdoesMDArammarbachingincieasestudentsgy,hginterestinrammar?gInthisstudy,multimodalbachingmodeandtraditionalgrammarteachinareemloedKsectivelinthetwoaralleldas化sofgpypyp-secondradeofXinninMiddleSchoolinGuandonProvincetoggggcomparethedifferentresultswithanempiricalresearch.Theauthorchoo化s0打e1的sonasacasestudy!;〇exlain化ebachin防cedurei打pgpdetailsbmultimodalgrammarteachin.Thisresearchmainladotsygypteachingexperimentandquestionnaireastheapproaches,andanalyzesaba-there化rchdatalinFactorAnalsisNonarametricTTesttheyppygy,p,-Pa-ttwoiredSamplesTTe巧and民eliabiliyAnalsistorammarkstsandyguestionnaires.Theresearchresultshowsthatmultimodalrammarqgteacii-hingisfarmoresuperiortotradtonalteachingandselfevidentin’imrovingstudentsinterestingrammarlearningaswellas1;heirscorespandramaticabilitinrammar.pgygKewords:uniorEnlishrammarteachinemiricalstudyjggg,py,MultimodalDiscourseAnalsismultimodalteachingy,II 摘要英语语法教学是英语教学中非常重要的一个方面,不论是教英语还一。是学英语,都涉及语法的学习威尔金斯在《语言学与语言教学》书中指出;语法是学习的中也,是保证表意的必需手段。然而目前中学生对语法学习兴趣不大,这直接对他们的学习产生了副作用,加上课后练习语法题量大,虽然投入时间多,但收获很少统教,这表明传学已满足不了学生的需求。随着现代教育技术的发展,基于系统功能学的多模态话语分析理论应运而生一。1996年新伦敦小组提出了多模态教学这概念,把多模态理论应用到语言教学中,主张利用多媒体、图片、表格、音乐、小组讨论、角色扮演等多种渠道来调动学习者的各种感官反应,提高他们的学习兴趣,从而使之主动地参与到语言学习的动态过程中。多模态教学作为现代化的教学方法,有利于学生更轻松、有效地学习英语语法。本文多模态话语分析理论和先前研究为基础,对下问题进行了研苑1)多模态语法教学是否优于传统语法教学?有何优势?2?)多模态语法教学是否能提商学生学习语法的兴趣如何提高学生的学习兴趣?本实验随机选取广东省新宁中学两个初二平行班级作为实验研究一一对象,在其中个班中进行多模态语法教学,在另班级中采取传统一的语法教学方式,选取个单元的讲解作为案例,对多模态教学在具III 体语法教学环节中的应用进行阐释。本文主要采取教学实验、问卷调查等实验方法,并利用因子分析、非参数T检验、配对样本T检验及信度分析对两次语法成绩和问卷调查进行了分析。实验结果表明多模态语法教学比传统的语法教学具有更多的优势,能显著地提高学生对学习语法的积极性一,进步提髙学生学习语法的成绩和能力。关键词:初中英语语法教学,实证研究,多模态话语分析理论,多模态教学_IV\ Con化ntABSTRACTImwIllIntroduction1ChaterOneLiteratureReview6p1.1RelevantResearchesonMDA61.1.1TheoreticalResearchesonMDA61.1.2ApplicationResearchesofMDA81.2RelevantResearchesonEnglishGrammarTeaching111.2.1AnOverviewofTeachinMethodsofEnlisrammar...12ghGg1.2.2CurrentSituationofGrammarTeachinginChina131.2.3TheCurriculumAimsofGrammarTeachinginthejuniormiddleschool161.3TheRelationsBetweenMDAandEngUshGrammarTeaching17邮ChapterTwoTheoreticalFoundation1921tli.MulimodaDiscourseAnalyss192.2SchoolsofMDA212.2.1SysbmicFunctionalLinguisticsandMultimodality222.2.2ConstructivismandMultimodalit23y2ii26.3TheCharacterstcsofMDATeaching2ltil27.3.1MumodaTeaching2.3.2FlexibleTeachinMethods28g ChaterThreeGrammarTeachinUnderMDA30pg3.1TheProcessofMultimodalGrammarTeaching30-3.1.1MultimodalLeadinActivities303.1.2MultimodalLanuaeInut32ggp3.1.3MultimodalLanguageOutputEnvironment333i.1.4SummaryofGrammarFormsandPonts343.2ACaseStudyofMu山modalEnglishGrammarTeachinginXinninJuniorMiddleSchool35g3.2.1IntensifinLanuaeInut35ygggp3.2.2StrenthennLanuaeOutut41gigggpChapterFourMethodology454.1ResearchDesin45g4i.1.1Researchuestons45Q4.1ResearchSubec46.2jts4.1.3ResearchInstruments474.2ResearchProcess494ti.2.1DataCollecon494.2.2DataAnalysis51ChaterFiveResults&Discussion53p’5.1TheImpactofMDAon化eScoresofStudentsGrammarLearninginthejuniormiddleschool535.1.1DescriptiveAnalysisoftheTestResults53 ’5t.1.2Discussionof化eimpacons化dents化St59,5.2TheImpactofMDAonStudentsGrammarLearningInterest....61-5.2.1Descritiveanalsisofreuestionnaire61pypq■-5.2,2Descritiveanalsisofostuestionnaire68pypq’5.2.3Discussionoftheimactonstudentsinters巧71pConclusion74Bibliorah80gpyAendix183ppAendixII85ppAendixIII87ppAcknowledments93g AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化£JuniormiddleschoolIn化oduc村onResearchBackgroundGrammarisas巧ofstructuralrulesovernintheoranizationgggofclauseshrasesandvocabularinanivennaturallanuaeandis,pyyggg,oneof化emo巧importantpartsoflanguagelearning.Asweleamfrom?庇condLa巧gw幻e化〇化rammarknowledgeuaranteeslanuae各ggggdeveloment抗rthesecondlanuaelearners.IntheEnlishclassofthepggguniormiddleschooltheoaloframmarbachinis化imrovej,gggp’studentscometencein化euseofEnlishandstimulatetheirinters巧inpgEnlish.Howeverrammarteachinhasbeenfacinadilemmaing,gggmiddleschools.Thouh1;eachersknowthesinificanceoframmartheggg,yhesitate化take化6waofCachinrammar.Theunderstandwell化atyggy""’studentshatecramminandr饥elearninbut化edontknowhowtogg,y,stimulatestudentsinterestandmakethemachievehihscoresbothatthegsametime.Withtheimlementationofthenewcurriculumthep,-me出odarefreuencommunicativearoachandtaskbasedbachingqtlyppused打owadas.Andsomeoun1;eachersdecisivelabandontraditionalyygy,rammarteachinandmobilizestudentslearninenthusiasmandgg,gactivatecla巧roomatmosherebconductinvariousactivitiesbutonlpygyattheexpenseofneglectinggrammarteaching,whichleads化many,grammarerrorsinstudentswritingandspeaking.Due化thepursuitof1 MAThesishihscoresthe1;eachershave化turntotraditionalrammarteachinforg,gg’help.ThusitseemshardtoimprovestudentsinterestandCaching’efficiencyinrammarsimultaneousl.Itsevenharderfortheteacherstogyteachgrammarinterestinglyandeffectively,nottospeakofmeeting,studentsneedsaswellasbuildingsolidgrammarfoundationfor化em.Under化issituationmultimodalbachin巧andsoutnaturall.,gy*'MultimodalteachingasanewconcetwasroosedbNewLondonpppy"Grouin1996basedonMultimodalDiscourseAnalsiswhichreardsp,yglanuaemultimodalinnatureincludinallasectscomosedofthegg,gppmodesofcommunicationforexamlesaceesturesimaecolortaste,pp,g,g,,,textsetc.Thisteachi打methodsextendsEnhshteachin化moireggg出fferentmodaUtiesinvolvinmusicactionsesturesicturesvideos,g,,g,p,,PPTetcin巧eadofsolelanguage,whichhasasignificantinspirationtoforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.In1;ermsofEnglishgrammarteachinmultimodal化achincombinesrammarruleswkhcolorfulg,gg’pictureslivelvideosandvariouskindsofwordstostim山atestudents,ysen化ssuchasaudiovisiontouche化.Ifconductedunder也einstruction,,,ofthis化eory,tiiebachingmaynotonlyactivelyinvolvestudentsinlearninbutalsohelthemtobuildasstematicrammarfoundationgpygthroughsensorystimuli.Hence化ispaperatemptstoexpandmultimodalteaching化EnglishgrammarCachingsoas化findanefectivewaforEnlishrammarygg2 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingU打derMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschool’teachinin化euniormid址eschoolsaimingatincreasinstudentsgj,g’,*kachetihintslearninineiestandromotnrsCacandstudenlearningpgggefficie打cysimultaneousl.yPuroseandSignificanceoftheStudypAsitissaidbefbrecurrentEnlishrammarbachini打theunior,gggj,-middleschoolissoonfee出nghichisui化ineffectiveinstudentsp,wqm汪steroframmarknowlede.Thisstudtriedt;oalthemultimodalggyppyteachinmethod化theEnlishrammarCachinunderthetheorofggggyMultimodalDiscourseAnalsistoexloretheeffectsofmultimodalyph,rammarCacinontheasectofuniorstudentsEnlishrammarggpjggcometenceandhelptofind化emosteffectivewayfort:eachersto1;eachprammarintheuniormiddleschools.Themultimodalrammarteachinggjg’witiii怯ownadvantagesarefoundcan打otonlyattractstudentslearninginterestbutalsoenhancetheirabilittouselanuae.,yggForthemomentmoststudiesofmultimodalbachingfocusonEnlish,gCachinforseniorhihschoolanduniversitiesi打thoseasectsofggplistening,grammarandreading,butthestudyforjuniormiddleschoolisrelativelrareandevenifthereismostcenteredonlisteninart.y,,gpThereforethisaeraimsatmiddleschoolstudentsfromtheersective,ppppofEnlishrammarbachinexlorin也eeffectivenessofmultimodalggg,pgCachinintheuniorschoolbmeansofanemiricalstud.Inthissenseg,jypy3 MAThesistheauthortriestoractisetihebachin出eorto化euniormiddleschoolpgyjbachininrammarandoffertheracticalsuestionsfortheEnlishgg,pggg化江cherandstudents."Thepurposeofthispaperaimst;otheappHcationofmultimodalCachingtoEnglishgrammarbachingforjuniormiddleschoolsUidents,fusinrammarcontentsinaseriesofteachingactivitiessuchasgg,listening,speaking,reading,writingetc,whichstrengthe打stheinputofd’therammarrulesanraisesstudentsawarenessinrammar.gg山’Furthermore,化focusesonlanuae〇toimrovestudentsgg邮pcompetencetouselanguageandenhancetheirlearningenthusiasmandseedu化erocessoflanuaeacuisitio打.Finallthrouhbuildinapppggqy,gggrammarframeforstudents,wecantrytohelpstudent化avoidmisleadincomrehensionandbuildtherammarframesstematicall.gpgyyLaoutofthePaerypThisaeriscomosedofsixchaters.ChaterIresentsliteratureppppppreviewcontainintheresearchesonMultimodalDiscourse,gAnalsishenceforthMDAathomeandabroadboththeoreticallandy()yracticallandthereviewofmethodsoframmarbachin.ChaterIIpy,ggp’discussesthetheoreticalfoundationofmultimodalbachinthatsMDAg,,whichconsidersthat化ediscourseiswovenblanuaeaswellasyggnon-llinuisticsemioticsandasoresentsthecharacteristicsofg,p4 AnEmpiricalStudyofGrammarT的ichingUnd灯MultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschoolmultimodalbachin.ChaterHIdesciibestheeneralatternofgpgpmultimodalrammarbachinstebsteandanalzesonecaseofggpyp,yalicationintheuniorrammarbachintoexlainthedetailedppjggpoeraton.ChaterIVdislas化eresearchmetlontroducinpippyhodogybyig化esubectsandinstruments化6me化odsand化erocedureofthisj,pempiricalstudy.ChapterVpresentsthedatafromtheexperiment,involvinresultsofanalsisinvestiationanddiscussions.ChaterVIgy,gpmakesaconclusioninwhichtheaerillustrates出emaorfm出nsppg,jlimitationsandimplicationsforfuturestudies.5 MAThesisChaterOneLiteratureReviewpThischapterconsistsofthreearts.ThefirstartshowsanoverviewofpprelevantresearchesonMDAincludinboththeoreticalandalication,gppr的earchesathomeandabroad.TheisecondpartdiscussesEnglishgrammarteaching,fromthedimensionsofthepastandpre化ntEnglishrammarbachinandthecurriculumaimsoframmarbachininthegggguniormiddleschoolsofChina.ThethirdartanalzestherelationshijpypbetweenMDAandEnglishrammarbachinfromwhichthisaerisgg,ppframedon.heson1.1RelevantResearcMDAAsanewmodembachingtheory,MDAplaysanoticeableroleinawideraneofourdaillife.Tounderstandthevariousfiinctionsofthisgytheorywell,thisse巧ionpresentstheachievementsofmany化holarswhohavemadeareatcon仕ibution化thedevelomentandexansionofgppMDAtheoreticallyandracticallfromhomeandbroad.py1.1.1Theo化ticalResearchesonMD乂RollandBarthesdiscus洗d化eefectsofvisualimage0打discoursein"‘"—hispaperi?片e化nc〇/诚e妨2幻各e(1993).He化oughttheinteraction6 AnlEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMutimodalDiscourseAnalsisin化euniormiddleschoolyjbetweentheimaesandlanuaeisrealizedthrouhthesimleloicofggggpg-threeobservedimaetextrelationamelanchoraeillustrationand,ngyg,relay.R.BarthesisthefirstscholarwhoaidatentiontotheinteractionpbetweendifferentmodeswhichmarkedthebeinninofMDA.Inthe,ggmiddleofthe1980sOToolsuccessfullaliedSstemicFunctional,yppyGrammartovisualimaeanalsis.Thereforesemioticsincludingy,glanuaeandvisualimaessharethesametheor.Manresearchersgggyystartedtoanalzeothermodalitiesorsemioticswiththistheorlateronyy,andKressGunther&VanLeeuwe打1996arethemostoutstandin()gadvocatesinthisfield,whoregardthatallthesemioticssuchaslanguage,imaeestureintonationetcareindeendentbutalsoconnectin,g,gpgresourcesatthesametimesothatboththefunctionoflanuaeandtheggroleofsemioticseimaessoundscolorvideoetcondiscoursecanbe,,,g,g,h*emhasized.Throu]esearchi打theinteractionbetweenmodalitandpggymediumthetwoioneerscreatedtheanalsisframeworkofvisual,py""""""rammarfocu化donreroductioninteractionandcomositiont;ogp,provide化erammarbasisfor化evisualimaeanalsisandestablish化epggy化eoreticalfoundationandresearchme出odsforMDA.Kresssaidthatthe-basicframeworkisb山化forconcordance化emeaninmakinmodesggtoetherinAsocialsemioticaroachtocontemorarycommunicationgppp2009andhethinksthatmultimodalitisbothatheoreticalworkas(),ywe"asthereresentationofsocialpractice.Anotheroutstandingp7 MAThesis’who"researcherin化efieldis0HaUoraniesearchedonm山timodal,-化dcommunicationformeaninmakinexlorem山timodaldi化our化anggpn-meanigmakingthrouh化6interactionof出fferentsemioticmodesfromg-sstemicfunctionalperspective.ThetheoreticalresearchofMDAinyChinaisbasedonthebasicframeworkofMDAcreatedbyKjress&LeeuwenwhichwasfirstintroducedbLiZhanzi2003fromthe,y()ersectiveofsocialsemiotics.TheSocialSemioticApproachtoppMw/执wo成!:/似cowr五eis化efirstbook化atin化oduces也em山timodalstudyromotintousemultimodalstudintobachin.ZhuYonshen,pgyggg(2007)discussedfourquestionscloselyrelatedtoMDA,includingtheoriinofMDAthedefinitionofMDAthenatureandtheoreticalg,,foundationofMDAand化econtentmetiiodsandmeaninofMDA.I打,gaddition,ZhangDelu口009)advanced也e化eoreticalframeworkforMDAbyexplaininandanalzingthetheoreticalframeworkofsstemicgyy扣nctionallinguistics,and出scussedhowtochooserelevantmodalities化desinaforeignlanguageteachingclassandalsoroo化dtherinciplesgpppforchoosingmodalssbm.y1.1.2ApplicationResearchesofMDAWi化也eraidroressmadeinscienceandkchnoloMultimodalppggy,DiscourseAnalsishasbeenaliedinawideraneof扫eldsallovertheyppg8 AnEmpiricalS化dyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschoolworld,suchasworkanalysis,pagedesign,filmandtelevision,languageteachinetccloselwlatedtoaesthetics,scholoandmediastudiesg,ypygy,’andsoon.InthefieldofworkanalsisKal.OHalloran2004analzedy,y()y也econcetualmeaninofanadandarsedthesemanticsandpg,pmorphologyofmultimodaldiscoursebyusingimageeditingsoftwareofdiitalkchnolo,whichrevealedthatbothlanuaeandvisualelementsggyggcanbuildmetahoricalmeaninDomesticscholarShiShunlianandpg;,gYangXinlu(2006)interpretedthemultimodalmeaningofthefilm,Forre巧Gump,andanalyzedthereproductionmeaning,interactionmeaningandcomosinmeaninof化eimaesinthefilmsoas化ointpgggp’outtihatmultimodalanalsisimroveeolesmultimodalliterac.Asypppyreard化aesettin艮adanMartinec2005advancedthemultimodalgpgg,()-ffetimagetextrelationsuitedto出rentsylesandtherealizationofcorresondinloicsemanticsundertheloicsemanticsbpgggyM.A.K.Hallidal978.Wi化asect!;〇lanuae1:eachinNewLondony()pggg,Groupfirstproposedmultimodalteachingin1996,andtheysuggest--m山tichannelssuchasmultimediaicturesrasmusicrou,p,gph,,gp,-discussionandrolelashouldbeusedtostimulatestudentssensessopyastoletthemactivelarticiateinstudinKressetal.2001focusedyppyg;()onmultimodalbachinandlearnineseciallthealicationofgg,pyppmultimodalitin化escienceclassroom.HeandVanLeeuwenbothyointedout比atmodalitiessuchasicturesoicesestureaswellaspp,v,g9 ■MAThesisactionsarethenecessarycomponentstoconstructmultimodalclass;Stenlinandledema2001addressedtheimortanceforotherlanuaeg()pgg""teacherstounderstandandss化maticallusevisualanalsistoolsinyyyhe-tirclassroomstohels扣dentstoreadvisualsandtodesininclasspgCachingmaterials/techniquestoadvocatethatrocedure;Thedomesticpscholar,ZhangDelu(2010)saidmultimodalbachinghasgraduallybecomeageneraltrendinlanguageteachingclass,whichcannotonlysavemanpowerandmaterialresourcesbutalsoimproveteachingeffects,andissuperior化traditionalteachingi打manyaspects;YangMeng(2012)atemts化applyMDA化collegeEnglisheducationsoas化adatppcollegeEnglishteachingtothemodemsocietandmeetsocialneeds.yThese的earchersallhavemadetheircontribution化化epopularityofmultimodalitstud.yyInconclusion,expertsandscholarsfromhomeandabroadstudymainlyontheeffectsofimages,voices,textsandothersemioticsinmultimodaldiscourseconcernin扫eldssuchaslanuaeteachin,gggg,semioticsandcognitivepsychologye化.Ahhoughmultimodalresearchhasbee打introducedonlyfor1;enyearsinChina,certainaccomplishmentshavebeenmadein化searcharoachme化odsandobects.Howeverpp,jmostmultimodalteachingresearchesmainlyfocusontheoriesortheoreticalanalysisinChinaandemiricalstudfor也eimlementin,pypgefectsisrelativelfewer.AssaidbPro色ssorZhanDelu2009yyg(),10 AnEmpiricalStudyofOr泣mmarTeachin呂Und巧MultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschooldomesticmultimodalre化archisstillinitsinfancesecialllackininy,pygtheem-piricalresearchesofforeignteachingclassconductedbteachersyundermultimedia.Inaddition,mo巧studiesrelatedtopedagogicalaspectsmainlfocusonuniversiteducationwithfewonmiddleschool.Thisisyy,becausemultimediahasbeenaliedinmiddleschoolforashorttime.ppOnaccountofthelarge姐fferencesbetweenmiddleschoolclassanduniversitclassandthedifferencesbetweenmiddleschoolstudentsandy,universitstudentsinconitionandpscholowhethermultimodalygygy,bachiniss山tableformiddleschoolstudentsasuniversitystudentsisgsti"underfurtherexloration.Thisaeratemtstoexlorethepppppeffectivenessofmultimodalbachingonuniorgrammarclassfrom化ejersectiveoframmarbachinformid姐eschoolstudents.ppgg1.2RelevantResearchesonEnglishGrammarTeachingThere化archesonEnlishgrammarbachincoveranoverviewof邑gCachingme化odsofEnglishgrammar,currentsituationofgrammar化achininChinaand也ecurricuhimaimsoframmar化achinin化eggguniormiddleschoolsandarestatedsecificallasbelow.j,py11 MAThesis1.2.1AnOverviewofTeachingMethodsofEnglishGrammarThroughoutthehistoryofEnglishteaching,thepositionofgrammarteachinghaschangedgraduallyfromdominationtoauxiliaryandatlasttonegationorneglect.Atfir巧Englishteaching仿cusedonrammar-transonme化odwhchKardsram瓜aras化ecoreoflatiig,gglanguageandthemaincontentofbachingandlearning.Itadoptsdeductivemethodinbachingnamelthe1:eacherusuallresentsand,yypexlainstherulesoframmarlaterstudentsareaskedtodoextensivepg,roteexercises化consolidate化erules.Thisme化odhasbee打oular化rppthelongesteriod,becauseitisoodfor化achers化controltheclassandpg’cultivatesstudentsabilittoarserammarhoweveritsmo化ersypg,,studentsinitiatveand11116化51;inleami打.Asitsweaknessexosedigpdua"rallDiiectMethodisadvancedwhichemhasizes1;hemeaninofgy,,pgphrasesandexpressions.Atthistime,theimportanceofgrammaronlylagsbehindoralEnglish.Withtheoriginofstructurallinguisticsandthetofrscscho-developmenbehavioitiloAudiolinualMe化odispygy,g,gettingoularwhichstres化sstudentsseakinandlisteninabilitpp,pggythroughrotepracticeofsentencessothattheimportanceofgrammarisweakenedonceaain.Inthe1980sCommunicativeAroachrevailsg,ppp,’mitsthebachingethodwhichbasedonlanuaefimction,andstressonggthecultivationofcommunicativecometence.Ittreatslanuaeasthepgg12 An巨mpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachingUnderMu怕modalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschool,化〇1forcommunicationandaimsatimrovinstudentscomrehensive,pgpabiliheso打。sterlinseakinreadinandwritin.Grammarteachining,pg,gggthisme化odonlreuiresstudentstouse也elanuaeformbutasyqgg,pylittleattentiontolanuaeusae.ggg12.2renSituationofGrammarTeachiniCi.CurtnhnagTherearemanrammarbachinmethodsinthehistorofEnlishyggygteachingaslistedabove.ThoughthepositionofgrammarteachinghasbeenchanedalotfromdominationeventonelectrammarisstiUthegg,gimortantartofEnlish化achininvolvinallartsofEnlishlearninppgggpgg,hali'sucsste打inreadinwritinandseakin.Currentlmo巧middleg,pg,ggyschools扣dentsarenotinterestedinrammarteachinand化eteachingggefficiencisverlow.Combinedwithanumerousamountofhomeworkyy,studentsaretiredoframmarlearnin.Thouhbothstudentsandgggt;eachersdevoteplentyoftimeingrammar,theygainUttle,whichhasbecomeanormalhenomenonformostmiddleschoolsinChina.Thereparetworeasonswhygrammarissodifficulttobegained.OneisthatEnlishmidGhi打esearediffers打tla打uaesstemsandtheEnlishgggy,grammarointsarereallscatteri打anddifficulttobeundersWodforgpygChine化students,whichisthe打atureoflanguageandimpo巧化letobechaned化esecondre过sonis化atteachinme化odsarenotaroriate.g;gpppInrecentearsEnlishteachersusualladottwomainbachiny,gypg13 MAThesis’hod化a-metsinourcountrtsrammartranslationmethodandy,gcommunicativearoach.ThouhtheNewCurriculumhascomeintoppgeffecttheteachinconcetsofsometeachersarenotchanedwhostill,gpg,--adopttraditionalgr抑imartranslationmethod化spoon拓edthestudents.Binductinrammarrulesandusinthemtodothetranslatio打exerciseygg,g’化cultivate化estudentsabilitofreadinandwritinstudentscanygg,understandtherammarmoreclearlandss化maticalland1;eachersaregyyyeasytocontrolthewholeclass.B山itneglectstheapplicationoframmargi打racticewhichmakesithardforstude打tstocommunicateinEnlishp,g’’andalsosmothersstudentsinterestinlearninitunder1;eachersg’domi打ation.Thecommunicativem幻hodstressesonc山tivatingstudentsm,communicativecometenceandaisatimrovins扣dentsabilitop,pgtyuselanguageproperlyinsocialenvironment.WiththeadvocateoftheNewCurriculummoreandmoreEnlishteachersareinterest;edtoadot,gpthismethodtoteachgrammar.However,theyoveremphasizetheimortanceofcommunicativecometencenelectinrammarteachinpp,gggg,whichmakesithardformanystudents化usecorrectandstandardEn?velishtoexi巧sroerlyandalsohardforthemtowriteseralgppp,completesentences.Ifsprovedthatthesetwomethodsaredeficienttoteachrammarw地theirownweakness.gWiththewidealicationofmodemmediatechnolomultimodalppgy,discourseanalsisoffersanewersectiveforrammarteachininyppgg14 AnEmpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnaiysisint:he.juniormid姐eschoolmiddleschool.Grammar1;eachinisborininnaturewhichcanbegg,chanedbmultimodalteachin.AsitissuestedbChenLiwan2011gygggy()thatmultimodalbachingcanbeintroducedinEnglishgrammarbachingthroughreinforcinginput(integratinglanguage,image,voice,color,videoetc)andcreatingoutputenvironment,whichnotonlyimprovesthe’effectivenessoframmarteachinbutalsoenhancesstudentslearningg,g1打16化31;.HuZhuanglin(2007)alsoindicated出atgrammarbachingisanhimportantpartofEnglishteachingandshouldbeotimizedthrou,pgmodemeducationaltechnolounderMDAsoastorealizegy’ttttst-tmultimodaliyineachingandculivatestudenmulilieracy.Inadditionmiddleschoolstudentsarethesecificrouundertransitional,pgperiodscholoicallandhsicall.Inconitionthestudentsareattheppygypyyg,staeofformatit1.Ttgloperaonaefrom11o5heyalreadyhavehe(g)abilitforabstractloicthinkinbuttheabilitisincomleteandneedygg,yptobeproppedbyconcreteimage.Thatistosay,mid姐eschoolstudentsrelyheavilyontheconcreteimaestoformconcetioncomrehendgp,ptextbooksandmakeudments.Multimodalbachincannotonljggy1roviderichvividandcorrectercetualknowledetomeettheirp,ppgconitivedemandsbutalsocreateanidealenvironmentfor1;heirthinking,gdevelomentsoastohelstudents1;odevelo也eirabstractthinkinpppgabilit.AssaidbLinChonde2005theuniormiddleschoolstudentsyyg(),j---areofseminaiveandsemimaturesemiindeendenceand,p15 MAThesis""sem-化eideendenceunderscholoicalweanineriod.Thereforeppyggp,yneedhelandsuortfromtheteacher.Multimodalteachingguidespppden^stuts化activelatendtheclassthrouhcreatintheielaxedyggherst-ceneredcatmoseandformingudenttlasswhichisconducivetop,theiremotionaldevelopment.Startinfromthisbasisthisaerselectsg,pptheuniormiddleschoolstudentsastheresearchob?ectsandatemtstojj,pexploretheeffectivene化ofmultimodalgrammarbachinginmiddleschoolthrouhemiricalstudexectintorovidecertainuidanceandgpy,pgpgreferenceforrammarteachininmiddleschool.gg1.2.3TheCurriculumAimsofGrammarTeachingintheuniormiddleschoolj’Asitsstiulatedonthe打ewcurriculumrammarbachinisap,ggnecessarypartofEnglishteachinginthejuniormiddleschool,whichhelpsstudentstoread,write,speakandlisten.ThenewcurriculumemhasizestochanethetraditionalwaytobachEnlishrammarandpggg,exlicitlliststherammarbachinat(iifferentlevels.Thebasiclevelispygg’toattractstudentsintere巧inthebasicstructureandcommonlusedynotionalfunctionsand化ehiestlevelistoencourae1;hemtoma巧er;ghgthewaystocomparepeople,objectsandthings.Englishgrammaratthestaeoftheiormiddleschoolmainlconvesthebasicrammargjunyygointswithsentencesweihinovervocabularanditis打饥verpggy,y16 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMu怕modalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschooldifficult.Therefore化0keointformiddleschoolis化stimulateyp,studentsinterestinle过mi打Enlish泣swellascultivatetheirramaticggpgabilitiesthroughsentencespractice.As化issuggestedbthenewycurriculum,varioussituationsrelatedtoourdaillifecanbecreatedtoymakeEnglishgrammarmorevividandinteresting,withgamesor,activitiesaddedinthemiddleoftheclass化maintainstudentshu’entsiasm.WhatsmoreCachiniadifferenttoicsconcerninto,gvpgden,stutsinters巧canbeusedtoactivelinvolves化dentsinrammaryglearning.Aswecansumufromtheabovetherearetwomainoalsofp,g’rammarteachinin化euniormiddleschool:firstl化arou化studentsggjy,interestinlearninggrammarbyarrangingactivitiesincl犯sorcometitiontoshowtheirEnlishsecondltohelstudentstob山Idpg;y,psstematic任ameofEnhshrammarthrouhracticeandalicationofygggppp化erammarrulesinclass.g13TheRelationshBetweenMDAandEnlish.ipgGrammarTeachingWiththeuroseofachievintheaboveoalstheauthoraliesMDAppgg,pp!〇Enlishrammarteachinoftheuniormid出eschoolsaccordin化;gggjg1;herelationshipbetweenthenaturesofMDAandEnglishgrammar.MultimodalitromoliestousemultileKsourcestocreateaninteractiveypp17 MAThesisenvironmentwhichhelsstudentstomemorizethescatterinrammar,pggpointsandreducethememoryburden.Inadd出on,throughcreatingvivid*muicturesandvideosviamultimediaiesourcesltimodalitisconducivep,y化buildalivelyatmosphereandchangethebori打gclassintoaninspiring,claw.WhafsmoiretheavailableenvironmentstimulatesstudeMs,’interest1x)talkandfurtherimprovestudentsgrammarskills.Lastb山nottheleastmultimodalitisoentoallkindsofteachinmethods,ypg,’’化ereforeitsflexibleandaimedtosatisfystudentsdemandsbasedon化econcreteenvironmentteachinobectivesandmaterials.,gj18. AnEmpiricalSl:udyofGrammarTeachingUnderMu怕modalDiscourseAnalsisin化eJuniormiddleschoolyChapterTwoTheoreticalFounda村onAswecanlearnfromtheabove,multimodalityisanewtheorywhichhasareatsini反cancetotheforeinlanuaebachin.Thischaterggggggpdiscuses化etheorecticalfoundationofmultimodalitinrammaryg■mteachin.Asamatteroffactantheoriesarecorrelatedwithg,ymuldmodalit.Thischatermainlillustratesmultimodaldiscourseypyanalsissstemicfunctionallinuisticsandconstructivism.y,yg2.1M山timodalDiscourseAnalysisa-Muhimodalitlsocalledmultisemioticsisaninteractivey,,henomenonstimulatinmultilesensesofaudiovisionandtouchpgp,achievedthrouhvariousmeansofsemioticresourcessuchaslanuaeggg,ttimaesoundsactionsZhanDelu2009.Iisanewheororiinatedg,,(g,)ygfrom化ewe巧in化e1990sandithelstoovercomethelimitsof,ptraditionaldiscoursewhichconsidersdiscourseanalsisonlincludes,yylanguage,dividingintopartsoflinguisticsystem,semanticstructureandthe化lationbetweensocialcultureandscholoicalconitionpygg,nelectinothermeaninexressionssuchasicturessoundscolorandgggpp,,cartoon.MDAtakesSskmicFunctionalLinuisticsasitsmainyg-化eoreticalfoundationreardinmeaniniscontextdeendent.The,gggpcontext-isnotonlwovenbthelanuaebutnonlanuaesemanticyygg,gg、91 MAThesissstemssuchasbodesturesic1;uressoundscoloretcthereforeyyg,p,,,,discoursemeaningisjointlyrealizedbymultiple^semiotics.Inorder化knowmoreclearlabo山化is化eorweneedtodistinukhyy,gmultimediawithmultimodalitfirst.AccordintoCollinsEnlishyggDictionary,multimediarefertotheuseofacombinationofmediawhichcanmaniulatedatainavarietofformssuchassoundrahicsor化对.y,,pgp,’Itsusedtocontrastwithtraditio打alprintedmaterialsorblackboardwritinwhichisthecomuterizedorelectronicdeviceutilizedtostoreg,pandconveyme泌ages.However,multimodalityisacombinationofmultileandmodality.Unlikeme出aarethemateriall;oolsmodalitisp,ytheinteractivearoachwithexternaleiwin)nmenteeolemachinepp(g,pp,,’materialanimalsthroueolessen化sevisualsenseauditor,)ghpp(g,,ysense.Singlemodalitisachievedbtheinteractionwithasinlesense)yyg,andmultimodalitisinvolvedwithtwoormoresen化sthrouhyginteraction(GuRiguo,2007).Therefore,eachmodalityisobtainedthrouhthecorresondinmediumwhichcanbedeveloedintogpgpmeaninfulinterdeendentandotionalnetwork.Allthemodalitiesandg,pptheinteractionbetween也emodalitiesareofthepotentials化expressmeaninsandaffectthemeaninswhichcanbecalledsemioticg,g,potentialsormodalpotentials,soMultimodalityreferstoanycommunicationracticesinvolvinvisualauralandtextualmaterialsorpg,mediausedtoconstructmeaning.Theorganizationofthesematerialsor20 Aniitaachingnd打ultimodaliscoliEmprcalSudyofGrammrTeUMDurseAnasisn化6juniormiddleschoolymediacontributes化howmultimodalityinfluencesthemeaningofd’ifferentsituationsor化echancestoincreaseordecreaseeolesppunderstandinofanideaorconcet.Intherocessofinteractivegppdiscourse化emeaninisreatlmanifestedb0化erelementsbeond,ggyyythelanuaesuchasaralinui巧icfeaturese出evolumeseed1;onegg,pg,g,p,*andaccentof化6sound;physicalfeatuies,egbodylanguage,facial6xr扣sionmotionand江ctionaswellasotherasectssuch过sp,,pGOUT化waresoundeuimentnetworkandsurroun出ns.Hence,qp,ginteractionisbnomeansachievedbasinlemodalitbutbtwooryygy,ymoremodalitiessimultaneousl.ForexamleaPPTclassisconductedyp,bothbvisionandauditionandsimulationandracticeisachievedby;pyauditionvisionand1;ouchatthesametime.Thisaeradotsthe,pppfollowinfourmainformsofmultimodality:visionvision+au出og,,vision+videovision+audio+kinesthetic.,2.2SchoolsofMD乂化’TherearethreeschoolsCO打stmeted化e也eoryofMDAatsschoolof,,interactivesociology,schoolofsocialsemioticsandschoolofcognitivepsychology.Schoolofinteractivesociologylaysemphasisontheprocessduringwhicheoleusedifferentwastoconstruemeaninandbuildtheppygsecialcircumstancesthearein.Thewholesituationisdnamicandpyymultimodal.Scholarsoftheschoolofsocialsemioticsattempttoextend21 MATh巧is化elinuisticresearchofsstemicfunctionallinuisticsstemtogygynon-linuisticsemioticsstemcomosedbicturessoundsesturesgy(pyp,,g,ha-liwactionsetc)considerinttnoninusticsemioticsithlinuistic,gg,gsstemandflmctio打alitare化6meaninsourcesaswellwhichbu"dyy,g,e化e*化xtualandcontextualmeaningU)grwi也linguktic巧3〇111〇63.Theschoolofcognitivescholomainlresearchesonhoweoleinteractpygyypphhm山-troutimodalitieswi化variousformsofinformation.Theaerisgppbasedonthisschoolandschoolofsocialsemiotics,andthenextpartmainlfocusesonthecontentsofsstemicfunctionallinuisticsunderyygsocialsemioticsandconstructivismunderthecognitivetheor.y2.2.1SystemicFunctionalLinguisticsandMultimodalityThetheorattemptstoextendthelinuisticresearchofsstemicygyustcsstem化打on-打ust扣nctio打alliniiliiicsemioticsstemicturesgygy(p,dmasecconser-sounsiesactiontidinthatnonlinuisticsemiotics,,),ggg,withlinui巧icsstemandfbnctionalitarethemeaninsourcesaswellgyy,g,whichbuildtextualandcontextualmeaningtogetherwithlinguisticiresources.AsZhuYonshen007ointsoutMultimodaldiscoursegg口)p.analysistakesi打thefollowing拓旭pointsfromsystemicfunctionallinuistics:first0出ersocialsemioticsbesidesthelanuaearealsotheg,ggsourceofsinificancesecondmultimodaldiscoursehasitsowng;,s巧emat-icnesswovenbthelinuisticandnonlinuisticresources比irdyygg;,22 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscouaeAnalysisin化eju打iormiddleschoollanuaesemioticinclu出nthelanuaeandothersemioticsallhavegg,ggg,ideationalfunctioninterersonalfunctionandtextualfunctionfourth,p;,contextualfactorsareinextricabllinkedtotheinterretationofypmultimodaldi化ourse.AswecanseefromchapterII,currentEnglishgrammarteachingfails’tomeetbothstudentsdemandsandtheaimsofthenewcurriculum.Multimodalbachingcannotonlyactivate出eclassbystimulating>-&studentsmultisensesrouhcoordinatinmodalitiesincludinicturesgg,gp,esturesoundsetcbutalsorovidevividsituationsforstudentstoutg,,ppwhattheyVelearnedintoractice.p2.2.2ConstructivismandMultimodalityConitivescholoresearchesonhowto幻toknowandunderstandgpygygthingsandhowtoorganizeandapplyknowledge.Asregardtofigureout化erelationbetweenmultimodalityandgrammarteachingeshould,wexplorethecognitiveprocessofgrammarteachingandlearning.Informationis化ecorecontentoframmarbachinandlearninwhichggg,-utcanbearsedintolinguisticandnonlinguisticinformation.Lingisicpinformationreferstotheinformationcoveredi打theteachingaterialasmwellastheinformationinterac化dbetweenthehacherandstudentswhile,-ttttnonlinguisticinformaionis化eresinformaionconsruedthroughsemioticso化er化anlanuaesuchasicturesmusicvideowhichgg,p,,,23 MAThesiss-constructsmeaningtoetherwithlinuisticinformationundercertainggcmstances.AsYuanhuanou2010referredonitiveircuCthecrocessgy(),gpofdifferentkindsofinformationshouldbedealtwithdifferentmodalities.Forexamlelinuisticinformationisbeterconizedthrouhmodalitiesp,gggofvonaudoandtouchmeansofcomrehensvelistennseakinisiibii,ypg,pg,-readinwritinandtranslatin.Andnonlinuisticinformationismainlg,gggyrealizedthrouhvisualaudkorandkinestheticmodalitiesbchannelsg,yyofwatchinlistenindemonstratinandlain.Grammarteachinisg,g,gpyggsimilar化informationprocessing,whichcanbedividedintofourprocesses,namely,inp山,processing,巧orageandoutput.Constructivism,asabranchof化ecognitive也eory,providesussomesuggestiononhow’toproG的sorconstructknowledgeefficiently.Itsafiirtherdevelopmenttoromote化achinandlearninfrombeh过viorismandfocusesonhowpgg,’!:〇stirlearnersinters巧andconsciousness.J.Piaetastheearliestscholarg,onconstructivisminsists化atlearnersconstruct化eirknowledethrouh,ggtheinteractionbetweentheexternalworldandtheirownexisting*knowledeandthusachievecorreson出nroressinconition.Oveia化gpgpggtherearethreemainbachingpointsunderconstructivismthatwecanrefertorammarCachin.gg1.Concetofknowlede.Constructivismholdsthebeliefthatpg*knowledeisnothinbuteolesexlanationorhypothesistowardtheggpppexternalworldratherthantruthwhichwillbetransformedudatedand,,p'24 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMu扣modalDiscourseAnalysisin比ejuniormiddleschool’化writtenwi化fiirtherdevelopmentofpeoplescognition.Inadd地on,knowledgeisnotomnipotent,b山isreproducedandKcreatedundercertaincircumstancesbefOTeutinitintoractice.Whafsmorepgp,differentpeoplehavedifferentcomprehensiontowardthesame,informationreresentation.Thereforelieachersshouldresectstudentsp,p'’differentunderstandingsforthesameknowledge,foritsconstructedon’s1;udentsexistinexeriencesundercertainsituations.O化erwiseall化egp,sameunderstandinisnottherealunderstandinbutrotelearninandgggcoin.pyg2iildeii.Conceptoflearning.Learnngsnotdirectyliveringinformatonn-tonewafromtheeacherorbooktolearnersbutisachievedthrouhthey,g*-ttextwowayineracionbetweenlearnersistingexperienceandthe’externalenvironment.Theacquisitionofknowledgeisbasedonlearners--existinexerienceandretransformedandrecodedtobuildtheirowngp,,comprehension.Duringthelearningprocess,le啤ersoriginalcognitiveexeriencewillbeadustedandchanedthroughtheinteractionwiththepjgexternalwoiid.Henceleami打isarocesswherelearnersbuU过theirgpowninformationrepresentationactively.Knowledgeconstructionnotonlyreferst;oabsorb化enewinformatio打butalsoisaprocessof’transformingandudatinlearnersoriginalcognitiveworldandeverpg,ylearneristheconstructorfortheirownknowledge.Thejobforeducatoris化rovidesuitablematerialsand"lustrationandCKateamiablep25 MAThesis’atmosphereinordertopromcrtestudentsunder巧anding.3.Conceptof化aching.Constructivismstresses化atcollaborationshouldrunthroughthewholecla巧amongteacherandlearners,inclu出ngthenegotiationorcooperationbetweentheteacherandlearnersaswellasamonglearners.Collaborationtosomeextentisthe打eotiationof,,g’’s化dentsconsciousnesstowardknowledge,whichbeterslearnerscomrehension.Inadditionitattachesreatimortancetothep,gpappUcationofcontexti打theCachingprocess.Learningfromdoingishighlypromotedbyconstructivism.Ononehand,knowledgeitselfhasalimitedcontextandcanberesentedthrouharoriatewas.On化epgpppy’otherhand,itsthebe巧wayforlearnerstoconstructmeaningthroughexperienci打gu打过ercertai打andvividcircumstances.O打accountofthebuden-riefintroductionofconstructivismteachinshouldbesttscentered,gandauhhouneoaionbewee打;eacherandlearrsundercetgttrghgtitt1nertainsituationso犯toensureandkeetheirintere巧andmotivation.Asreardpg化rammarbachninXinninmiddleschool化ouhstudentsarenotgigg,gbadatgrammarscoringcomparedwi化otherschools,出eyfeelhardtokeepinterestinlearninggrammarandusewhattheyVelearnedintoractice.Thussomechanesmustbedone.pg2.3TheCharac化risticsofMDATeachingAsateachingmethod,ithasplentyofadvantagesasstated,andthis26 AnEmirpiricalS化dyGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalssin比euniomiddleschoolofyJ’'sectionmai打liesentstwoasectsofitsunieness也atsltimodalyppqu,,mubachingand日ex化lebachingmethods.2.3.1MultimodalTeachingLanuageitselfismultimodalinvolvindimensionsofhonolog,gpgy,morholosemanticsandsoo打whichreuiresusto化achlanuaepgy,,qgg-hrouhmu-tgltichannelsandmultisenses.In1996,NewLondonGroup''ublishedtheaerAPedaooultiliteracies:DesininSocialpppggyfMgg巧whichattractedattentionfromallovertheworld.Thegrouptriedtoadvanceanewaroachdealinwi出化echaninsituationppgggamonstudents化achersaswellas化enewworld.Asanew化aching,garoachitemhasizestousevariousmeansofteachinforexamlepp,pg,p,,'-ttimaescolorsvideorolelaostimulaestudentsinterestbg,,,pyymobilizingtheirmultiplesensessoastoletthestudentsactivelyconcentrateonstudying,meanwhileimprovetheirmultimodalliteracy.Inrecentearsmoreandmorescholarsnoticetheinstructionalfunctionsofy,teheha-MDAonlanuaeachin.Temsison化eusaeofmultisensesgggpg’andactiveparticipationinmultimodalteachingisconducive化studentsmemorretentionsolvintheroblemsofrotememorizationanddrilliny,gpgoframmar.AsindicatedbSl;eineachrouinteractionismultimodalgy,gpsothatteachinandassessmentshouldbeconductedaccordintothegg’multimodalfeaturesof化eenvironment.Thatstosateachersshouldy,’utilizevariousmultimodalresourcesto扣llmobilizestudentssensestoy27 MAThesisreceivedeliverandacuireknowlede.KressandVanLeeuwe打2009,qg()triedtocarrout化emu此modalbachininclassesandshowedthatyg,"-itnonlinuistic化8〇111〇68werethemortanartsofbuildinmultimodalgppg,classestostimulatestudentsinterest.虹ChinaliZhanzi2003is化e,()firstscholar化introduce化e化eoryandoint0山化esin姐canceof化epgtheor0打foreinlanuaeteachin.ZhanDelu口009exlicitlsaidyggggg)pythatunder化econditionofmodemmediat:echnologyandmultimodaldiscourseframework,化erewerethreeaspectsfromwhichtochoosemodalities:1.torovideteachinsituationandconvenientconditionsforpglanguage1;eaching2.torovideauxiliarcon出tionforforeilanguage;pygnteac-channehing3.torovidemultilsexressionformultimodal;ppdiscoursesoastoimproveteachingeffectiveness.2.3.2FlexibleTeachinMethodsgMDAbachinadvocatesaninterationofvariousbachinme化odsggg,absorbinthemeritsofAudiolinguilismCommunicativeAroachg,pp,D*AiiectMetihodSile打troachTotalPhsicalResonseandsoon.As,pp,ypsuestedbMDAteachineachteachinaroachisbomunderggyg,gppcertaincircumstance,andmakesgreatcontributiontothedevelopmentoflanuaeCachinatthattime.Similarlanaroachhasitsowngggy,ypp*nwhweakne化andiestrictioichaimsatsolvinacertainroblemand,gpnd’reachincertainoalsuercertaindrcum巧ances.hsimossibletofindggp28 AnEmpidcaiStudyfGrammarTeacWnUnderMuhimodaiDiscourseAnalsisintheuniormiddleschoologyjacertai打bachinmethodcanbeadotedtoeachclass.Inadditionthegp,greatdiversityofknowledgeandstudentsabsolutelycallsforahighly出versifiedcombinationofteachingapproaches,sothatmultimodalteachinmustbecomethemain化endforthebachinaroach.AsggppsuestedbrofessorZhanDelu2010theleadinfactorsforggypg(),gdesigningaclassdependo打thebachingobjectives,bachingcontents,化echaracteristicsofthestudentsandtheteacherandthebachingcircumstances.Suchfactorsarealwaschaninsoisthebachinygg,gmethod.AswecanseefromChapt;er口,currentEngUshgrammarbachingfails化m,eetbothstudentsdemandsandtheaimsofthenewcurriculum.M山timodalbachingcannotonlyactivate出eclassbystimulating>-modastudentsmultisensesArouhcoordinatinlitiesindudnicturesgg,gp,gesture,soundsetc,butalsorovidevividsituationsforstudentstoutpp’'what化evelearnedintoiactice.yp29 MAThesisChapt:erThreeGrammarTeachinUndergMDAThischateraliesMDAsecificalltothebachinoframmarinppppyggtheuniormiddleschoolandresentsthemultimodalteachinmodeofj,pggrammarstepbste.ThenonelessonasacasestudwillbechosentoypyiUustratethedetailedoeratic打oftheteachinmode.pg3.1TheProcessofMultimodalGrammarTeachingMultimodalgrammarbachingintensifieslanguageinputthroughcombininrammarointsw地。sterlinreadinseakinwritinandggpg,g,pg,g’o出eractivitiestoraisestudentsconsciousnessoframmar.Furthermoreg,itconcentrateson化eprocessoflanguageoutput,wi化化epurposeof,imrovingstudentsabiUt化uselanuaeformsundervividsituationpygg,ti’opmizingthebachingpatternforthesakeofpromotingstudentslearninintere巧aswellasramaticabilit.gpgy-3.L1MultimodalLeadinActivitiesLead-ifinisverymportantbothormiddleschoolstudentsandtheclass.IftheareinterestedintheclasstheUlactivellistentotheteacherandy,yy,-sarticiateinlearnin.Multimodalleadincanimulatestudentsppg-mu-fliitltisensesthrouhusinlanuaewithnonnusticsemioicseggggg,g,30 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnd巧MultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschool’soundsicturesvideoandactionssoas化activatestudentslearnin,p,ginters巧andimproveteachingefectiveness.Therearethreekindsofmu---ltimodalleadinactivities:1.Audiomodalleadin.Ifsusuallyachievedblaingasonoranaudiowhichrelatestothekerammarypygyg’o-intsof化eclass.Suchkindofleadi打isnaturalattractins扣dentsp,g?的whintertileintroducin化enewclasswhichcanbeeasilaccetedbg,ypythestudentsinarelaxedmood.Themaormodalisauditorjy,sulementedwi也visualmodalitwhichhelstocomleteaudiomodalppy,ppandmakes-it日exible.Au出oleadi打fUllytakesadvantaeofthefeatureg’化atEnlishishoneticlanuaesoastomobilizes扣dentsauditorygpggsense-t.2.Visuakmodalleadin.Iofte打usesavideoorflmnypictures,,化latedtostudents"fe化attractstudents11116化51atfirst,andthenthey,’willbeuidedbtheteachersuestionstot;ellwhattheveseen任omgyqythevideoandictures.Ithelsstudentstothinkandnoticetherammarppgruleswhilestudentsenothevideoorictures.Themaormodalisjypj’visualsupplementedwi化teachersexlanationsoastocomensate,pp--visualmodal.3.Comrehensiveleadin.Rolelaorotheractivitiesppycomprehensivelystimulatesensesofaudio,visionand1;ouch,whichnot’onlactivatethelearni打atmosherebutalso‘imrovestudentsygp,p-ramaticabilitheifixedliitll.pgy.Tresnoeadnsuabeforeverycass-There拓re化achersshouldchoose化earoriateleadinaccordinto化e,pppg’Cachincontentsstudentscharacteristicsandthebachinenvironment.g,g31 MAThesis义1.2MultimodalLanguageInputLanguageinputasthefirstphaseofstudyingisthepremiseoflanguageacquisition.民odEllisinsi巧sthatgrammarCachingshouldrovideenouhcomrehensibleinputandinstructstudentstoobservepgpandfind化erammarrules也emselvesandhel也emtomakeang,pinductionandracticeundersituations.Fromabove,wecanseepcomprehensibleinutisnotenoughforstudentstoac山re化elanuaepqgg,whicho打lyprovidespotentialityforlanguagedevelopment.Tomakeacquisitionhapen,studentsmustconsciouslnoticetheforeinlanuaepygggformandmeaningsoastoconclude化egrammarrulesandput化emintouse.Inadditionlanuaein山islimitedinrammarclassthusitsho山d,ggpg,m’bereinforcedbyodemme出a1;echnology化improvestudentsgrammarconsciousness.Therearetwomainmeans化reinforcelanguageinut.pb’Oneis化applyinutstreamchnolo,thatstoincreasethefreuencpgyqyofthetargetrammarthrouhm山timodalchannelssoastoletstudentsggconcludeitamongthelanguagematerials.Suchlanguagematerials,,shouldbewi出instudentsreachesoralitlebeyondstudentslanguage’ability,meanwhiletheysho山dbeconnectedtos扣dentsdailylife,’provokinglearnininterestbasedo打studentsoriinalexerience.ggp,Whatsmoretieachersshouldinteratetaretrammarintodifferent,ggg32 AniiammareachingdeltimodaliscoursenalisiiEmprcalStudyofGrTUnrMuDAysn化ejunormiddleschoolvideooraudiomaterials,suchas日ashcartoon,movie,newsandstories,andtakeadvantagesofdifferentmodalresourcestoincreasethe*freuencoftaretgrammarsoastofullmobilizestudentssensorqygyysstemsandmaketheborinrammarrulesconcreteaswellasygg'interestin.Theotheristextualreinforcementthatstousetextg,comoshioneoverstrikinitalicteunderlininfontandwordsizep,g,g,yp,g,alterationcoloralterationresentationmeansandseuencetoraise,,pqercetionofdominanceanduidestudents化打oticetherammarrules.ppgg’Noticeis也eregulatormechanismofeolesscholoicalactiv扣esy,pppyg’aswellas化eimortantmechanismofi打formationrocess.Its化eonlppywatoturninutintointake.Hencebacherssho山dreinforcetheinutofyppkeyrammarrulesanduidestudents化findthem.gg3.1.3MultimodalLanguageOutputEnvironmentLanguageoutputisasimportantaslanguageinput,whichisalsoanece巧arrocessofacuisition.Iflearnersaimsatimrovinrammarypqpgglearninefficiencythemustuserammartobuildhothesisg,ygypconcerninrammarstructuresbthemselves.Teacherscanuseawideggyraneofinformationresourcesfrominternet化createavividgm’communicativeenvironmentakinglanaeo山utlinkedtostudents,gugp’ttts-dail"feaswe"asinterestinsimulainstudenrmdtisensestohelyg,gp33 MAThesisstudentstocomprehendanduseabstractandboringrammarrules.Inthegoututlearningrocessstudentscanusetherammarointsunderthepp,gplifel化esituationandettheimmediatefeedbackfrom比el:eacher.BthisgywasUidentscommandmorethan也elinuistic抗rms.Theainy,gygm’pragaticabilitytoutwhatthevelearnedintoractice,shiftin化eirpypgknowledgeaboutgrammarfromform化flmction,deepeningtheunderstan出nabout&erulesthrouhalicationsoas化comlete化eggpppgrammarsystem.3.1.4SummaryofGrammarFormsandPoints,,Itsoftenusedin化etraditionalbachinaroachon0打ehanditsgpp,,sstematicandeastocomrehend.On化eotherhandithelstoyyp,p,化;imrovestudentsinkingabilityaswellasinductivelearningabilit.pyGrammarointsarescatterinandcomlexformid出eschoolstudents化pgpunderstand.IftheteacherdesignsaformtolistwhattheyVelearnedonaformandlasonPPT化e打studentsclearlwtiheointsand,py,yknopautomaticallform比eknowlede打etwork.Themaormodalhereisygj’visualsulementedw恤化achersexlanationwhichhelsstudentsto,ppppunderstandtherulesbetter.34 AniEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachngUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalsisin化euniormiddleschoolyJ3.2乂CaseSt:iKlyofMultimodalEn化hGrammar恥achingginXinningJuniorMiddleSchoolThiscasestuddividestherocessofmultimodalrammarteachinypggintotwoparts;intensifyinglanguageinputandstrengtheninglanguageoututandillustratesthelessonindetails.p,3.2.1IntensifyingLanguageInputInutincludesthestartinoftheclassandmai打inutartwhichispgpp,d-ividedintoreetinsleadinand"sterlinandreadinasbelow.gg,gg1.GreetinsgFirst化acherreetsthestudentsinaUh化eartedwacreatina,ggy,g,"relaxedandleasantlearninatmosheiewhUeatractinthestudentspgpgatentiontotheclass.Itrequiresthekacherhasagoodrelationwiththestudentsandisabletouserichbodylanguage,suchasfacialexpressions,ostureanddistancewi化s扣dentsaswe"asaroriatelanuaeep,pppgg,g,’intonationronunciationvolumeseed.Itsarocesstoshortenthe,p,,ppdistancebetweenthestudentsandthet;eaclierandintroducethestudents,化theclass.T:Helloeverbodhowareoudoin化da?,yy,ygyS:Doinood.HowaboutouMissDen?ggy,g’T:Nicethanks.Todawelllearnasecialkindofverbscalledmodal,ypverbsanduse化emtoiveadvice.g35 MAThesisThe1;eacherpresentsteachingaimsonPPTandexplainsthem,andthenasksstudentstoreadtheaims1;oetherinorder化keetheminmind.gp2-.LeadinFirst,theteacherdislassomecolorfulicturesabouteolesufferinpypppgfromriou’vasillnesstostudentsandasks出estudentswhatswronwi出,gthecharactersthenlistallkindsofillnesswhiles1;udentsarerecitinsee,g(ure3-也efi1.Secondl1;eacherreturns化theicturesandaskstheg)y,pstudentswhattheyshoulddowhentheyhavetheillnessstudentshave(""knownthemeaningofshould).Thesepicturesshowthepainsufferedbm’thecharacterstthflillwhichcaneasilarousestudentsandy,yyatracttheiratentiontolearn.Thenthebachersetsanexamle!;〇p""introducehadbeterandletthestudentsuessi1;smeanininsteadofggtellin化emdirectla打dthenletthestudentsractiseitaccordi打togypg出fferentsituationsofillnesses.36 AnEmpiricalStudyofGrammar7cachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschool ̄感胃haveacoldhaveatoo比adie牙痛j..厂丽haveabackacheullnesse^haveacouhheastomachache咳嗽g|胃痛p杏'\,tL'Wt。f1^1.haveaheadachej头痛.‘'碱si#:Fiure3.1ScreenshotghasacoldT^'Whatswronwi化him?gj^/?He沈ould導A,’.,,d?rinkmorelater婦P*:_豕聲^脯|L—.—…;L:—.…;—...為式麵j—BI37 MAThessi/k§kamimm?\r'-二线IhasT^*\,toothache^f,,,^^^'Whatswronwithg去g瓷二j('护ASheshouldnt讓^eat化。muchJ/\i资;|'‘choco、:late.:;Li;V,:醫獅掉pp,,;y%/^kmimm^ir^acWhafsthematterw地her?、^於些…Shehadbetternot^,矿*’s?'liftheav化in.\Iyg;^I—K;着;靜一<4Fiure3.2ScreenshotgInthiss1;evisualmodalisCO打stantlaherinwi化化eaudiomodal,p,ygmutuallcomlemeiitarandenhancin.Therolebetweenstudentsandypygtheteacherarealsoakerinbetweentheactiveandassivesoastogp38 AnEmpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachi打gUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschool’stimulatestudentsinitiativeintheclass.Throuhnegotiationandgcooerationbetweenthe化acherandstudentsallthestudentsarep,activatedtoarticiateintheclassandthinkabouthowtoiveroerppgppadvicetothecharacters.Thereforestudentscanreadandtalkatthesame,timestrenthenintheiraudiovisualbimodalandarousintheirlearnin,gggginterest.3.ListeningandreadingThisisthemaininutartoftheclass.Firststudentsareaskedtopp,dosetheEnlishbooktoliskntothetwotaesandthentofinish化egp,mutltithitf-dthlieuesonsandnumberecuresiure33.Seconepqp(g),d,teacherchecks化estuentsanswerandask化emwh.Third化estudentsy,areaskedt;owatchthevideothevideoshowsthedialouevividlunder(gyreatttt-lsituatio打withcharactersonhesceneandreadheexfiure33,)(g)and化enthet;eacherasks化estudentstoaatentionto化ehrasesandpypsentenceinboldsoastoconfirmwhethersomeofthemetthemeanin.ggFinally,thet;eacherpresentsthekeypointsontheblackboardtobenoticedb化estudentsandasksthemtotakenotes.y39 MAThesisUstj&fia打druimbefthektures.The。paskandanswerwithotirartaexyp遞系..11Listentolaandchoosethecorrectanswers.Wmm管織I萍1.Kankanhasa.參ggAbackacheBheadache^oothache2.BettsueststhatKankanshouldseeayggggAdoctor馨den扫StCnurse3.BettyhopesKangkangwillwellsoon.Ago雜get'一枯减齡於sMfcik的d献ef里洒化做泌凶喊&Kj?40 AnEmpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschoolnM*MWahe‘、tchlash巧ncreatfJdla.吟UJ分IfBett:HelloKankan!You过oiftlooky,ggwell.Whafswronwithcra?gyKanlsan:IhaveatoothacJie.gg"Bett:Fmsorrtot.lyheaahatYoushotidyseeadentist.Kankan:IthinkIwill.gg区rtt:Ihoeou11etweltsoon.ypygKankan:Thankou.ggyre3-ScreenshoFigu3tInthisartaudiomodalisthemainmodali打eludinlainthep,,gpygh’’lisninmaterial化achersexlanationandstudentsKsonse.Theg,ppvisualmodalisthesubordinatemodalwithcomprehensiveuestionsandq'answersandthedialouevideoiesentedonPPTaswellasthedifficultgp,ointsontheblackboard.Thusthestudentscanlistenandseethetextandp-rammarointssimultaneouslstimulatintheiraudiovisualbimodalgpy,gtttttstandreinforcinheirinu.Inaddiionhekeoinaremixedinogp,yp,tolisteninandreadinandresent;edi打ano也ercolorraisestudentsgg,pconsciousnesseasiertoberealizedaswellasketintheirmemor.,py3.2.2StrentheninLanuaeOututggggpLanguage0山p山aimstotransferri打g比emainroleof化eclassfrom比eteachertothestudentsandletthestudentsseakoutandactout.This,partinvolvescooperativeworkbetweensUidentsand化eteacherandap41 sMATheissummaroftheclass.y1.ActivitiesThisis化eoutputpartof化eclass.First,化e化acherivesstudentsangexampletoshowhowtomakedialoguesand比enall化esUidentsare,askedtomakesimilarconversationswithhisorherdeskmate.Laterseveralpairsa化asked化actitout.Second,化e化achersliarts1;hegame""calledChoosinDrBestg.Onestudentactslikeapatie打tbasedon出ecardwithillnesswr化enonhechoosesando化erstudentsuesshe(),gtillnessandgivehimorheradvice.DifferentsUidentswillbechosenplayedasdoctorandatientandDrBestwillbechosenbtheteacherp,yandstudents1;oe化er.g圆讓Pairwork^Makeconversationsaftertheexample.Examole:■■■■、f’Whatswrong/化ematterwKhu?yoIhavea\/jtoothache.\/化'eaushouldntt化omuchcandy./Youshouldruso ̄bhu"eethtwiceaSy自iP—■巧…^___—_F-igure34Screenshot42 八nEmpiricalS化dyofG巧mmarTeachingUnderMiiiUmodalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschoolChoosinDr.Bestg1.Onestudentchoosesoneofthecardsand""actsasthepatient-Theotherstudentsguesswhafswrongwithhimorher.2.Teacherchoosesother3studentstobedoctorstoiveadvice.Otherstudentsgchoosethebestdoctor.IF-Screigure35enshotInthisartesturemodalisthemainmodalcomle1;edbvisualp,g,pymodal.AllthestudentsareaskedtoractisewhatweVelearnedunderap^mockedsituationbasedontheexamlewhichcontributestostudentsp,fts-lexibleapplicationofgrammarpoin.Throughroleplayand’cometitionstudentsinterestwillberovokedinitiatedtoarticiateinp,,ppptheamebyusloiowledeandayattentiontothedifferentgingnewgpformsandfunctionsofgrammarknowledgeunderdifferentsimulatedcircumstances.Atthisstagestudentsisthemainbodoftheactivit,yywhUe化6化acherbacksoutasacounselorandonlycomesoutwhenneeded.2.SummaryThisisthelastartof比eclass.Studentsareaskedhowtoiveadvicepg43 MATh巧iswhe打化eirfriendorrelative拉llsill.Thenthe化acherresents也eanswerp,andmake化emno’sticethesecialuseofmodalverbsthats化evep,rbsfollowedbymodalverbsshouldbetherootformsa打dneativesshouldgbeaddeddirectlyafterthemodalverbs.ThesearetoldinChineseandask化estudents1:o化ke打Mes.SnmtBityGivingadvice:妻1.shoulddoYoushouldhaveaoodrest.g2-.hadbetterdo:\Youhadbettergotoseeadoctor.萝t'3.shouldntdoY'oushouldnteattoomuchcand.y4.hadbetternotdo'化Youdbetternotworkolong.巧mT,ointensifystudentsunderstandingandwritingabilit化eteachery,"assignsaleterashomework.ThecontentisSuoseourenalJackppypphasacold,pleasewritealettertohimandtellhimthemostusefulwatoy"preventing化ecold.StudentsarereuiredtoiveadvicetoJackwq呂i出"’"shouldshouldnthadbetterhadbetternotaswellas也efo,,,reaso打sr也eadvice.Combiningwritingwithgrammarknowledgecanhelps1;udentstoreinforcetheirbasicknowledge,ontheotherhand,itcontributestheirdeveloentinwrttpmiingabiliy.44 AnirilSUdofGrammarTeachingUnderMltimodaliscoslsisinthe打clEmpcaiyuDureAnayjuiormid加eshooChaterFourMethodolopgyAswecanseefromtheaboveMDAteachinisoodforrammar,gggbaching,butempiricalresearchisthemostreliablewaytotestitseffectivenessinbaching.Thisempiricalstudyisconductedattwoparalleldas化sofXinningMid出eSchool,and化estudentsarefromGrade8.Thisstudylastsover4monthsfromSetember1toDecemberp15.Bothualitativeanduantitativemethodsareused.Fortheualitativeqqqstudtheauthoracuiresthefeedbackfromstudentstoexlorewhethery,qp’multimodalrammarbachinmethodcanimrovestudentsinters巧sandggpteachingefficiencyinlearninggrammar.Meanwhile,forthequantitativestudySPSS21.0isusedindescribinthedifferencesbetweenmultimodal,g1tonaleachnme化odsishe拓aiand;eachinandrad化ilicussingtsbilitgg,dyeffectivenessofmultimodalteachingmethod.4.1ResearchDesingThissectioninijoducesthreebasicfactorsof也isresearchrespectively:researchuestions,researchsubectsandresearchinstruments.qj4.1.1ResearchuestionsQI打ordertorovetheeffectivenessofMDArammarleachininthepgguniormiddleschoolthisstudyaimstoanswerthefollowintwoj,g45 MATh巧isquestions:1IsMDArammarbachinbeterthantraditionalrammarbachinin)gggg’middleschool?Ifes,whats化eadvantaeofMDArammarbachin?yggg2DoesMDArammarbachinhelstudentstobuildtheirinterestin)ggp’rammar?IfeshowdoesMDArammarteachinincreasestudentsgy,gginterestinrammar?gThesetwoquestionsattempttoanswerwhetherMDAgrammarbachinisalicableintheuniormiddleschoolandsolve出eexistingppjg’,roblemofgrammarteachinthatstoimrovestudentsrammarpg,pgcometenceandkeetheirinterestinlearninit.ppg4.1.2ResearchSubectsjThisexerimentusesc山巧ersamlingtodeterminesamlesandtwoppparallelclassesfromGrade8XinninInternationalProramarechose打.p,ggClassOneistheexperimentalclasswhichistaughtbymultimodalCachingmethod,andClassTwoisthecontrolclassandistaughtbytraciilionalme也ods.ClassOnehas21studentsand15studentsof也em,arebostheo也ersareirls.Cla化Twohas23studentsand17ofthemy,g,areboys,andtheothersaregirls.Thetotalnumberofstudentsis44.The,studentsaeisaround14whenthestudentsareuherebellious.Excetg,qpmCNEnlishthestudentsalsohaveEnlishInstructionSocialyg,g,ScienceandPEtaughtbythetwoforeignteachers.Thestudentsadapt46 Aniricalm肚TeachingUnderM山timodalDiscoAnalsisin化eimiddleschoolEmpSUidyofGramurseyjunor’出化emselves仿化eforeignteachersclasseslovinerelaxedteachin,ggatmosphereandhopingtoshowoff化emselvesi打class.Thes扣dentsinClassOnelovetalkingandmuchmoreactive化anstudentsinClassTwo,,but化eiraveraescoresarearallel.Thereforeitsviable化useMDAgp,teachingmethodinClassOneandtraditionalmethodinClassTwo,4.1.3ResearchInstruments1化niorEn化hCourseBook()gThetextbooksin化isstudyarefromPopularSciencePress.Thisstudchoo化s6maingrammarpointsfromthetwounitsandthey,yincludessomeimportantgrammarpoints:futuretense:begoing!;〇;Subect+vt.+indirectobect+directobectfuturetense:will/shalljjj;;’Modalverbs(I):sho山d,shouldnt,hadbeter,hadbeternot;modalverbs’II:mustmustntmacanModalverbs口I:musthavetoReflexive(),,y,;(),,ronouns.pMu^2ltimodalCoursewaie()Therearesixsetsofbachingcour化waresaccordingtomultimodaleachinmode.Desinrindlesaretoresentrammarteachinbt;ggpppggyth-usinelanuaeandmultilenonlanaemodessuchasfunngggpgug,y-tt化icturesliferelatedaudioandvideoec.sothaekerammarointsp,ygpareshowedunderthemeaningfulsituationsandstudentsareuidedto,gfindoutorsumuprammarrulesbthemselvesthrouhthesevividgyg47 MATh巧ismediamodes,andracticeoru化themwiththeirclassmatesin化6clas义p3TestPaer()pTherearetwokindsofte巧papers,whichaimsped归callyforpretestandostest.Accordin化the1;的taer,the化巧isdividedintotwoarts:pgpppbasicknowledge&skillshereinaftercalledbasicrammarand(g)comrehensiveabili1mainlinvolvingwritin,whichareallrelatedtopy(yg)’studentsgrammarcompetenceandenteredintoSPSSsoftwareresectivel.Theretestaeristhefinalexamof化elast化rmwhichispypppused!;〇1;estwhe化erthegrammarscoresof化6twoclassesarearallelpbeforetheexertt-imentandheostesaeris化emidtermexamusedp,pppt;ocomarethedifferencebetweentheexperimentclassand化econtrolpcla化after化eexperimentsoas化化St出eeffectivenessof化emu帕modalrammarbachinintheuniormiddleschool.Bo化thetwoexamsareggjreliable.4Ques村onnaires()’Inordertounderstandthestudentsintere巧inlearningEnglishrammarand化eirbasicatitudestowardmultimodalandtra出1:ionalgrammarCachinstheauthorrearestheueistionnairesfor44studentsgg,ppqandaresent-tothembeforetheexperiment.Theostuestionnairesonlpqyaimsatthestudentsinexerimentalclassandsendstothemafterp,’exeriment.Itincludes20uestionswhichareabout出estudentspq,attitudesstowardsmultimodalrammarteachinmethodandmultimodalgg48 AnEmpiricatStudyofGrammarTeachingUnderMu比imodalDiscourseAnalysisin化cjuniormiddleschoolcourseware,andtheinfluenceofthismethodandtraditionalgrammarteachingon化eirlearningeffects.Thetwoquestionnairesareborrowedfromotheraersandchanedaccordinlbmself.ppggyyy4.2ResearchProcessResearchprocewmainlyinvolvesdatacollectionanddataanalysis.Datacollectionresents也ewahowthedataiscollectedanddatapy,analsisintroducesthemaoranalticalinstrumentswhichareadotedinyjyp也isKsearch.4.2.1DataCollectionBeforethestudtheauthorrearedmultimodalcoursewarebasedony,pp化6mumode-ltimodalbachinincludindesininleadinactivitg,gggy,presentingreinforcedinput,creatingoutputenvironmentandbuildingsstematicrammarforms.Meanwhiletheauthorwatchedmanyyg,excellentmultimodal化achingideosandobservedtherammarclas化svgofexeriencedteachersandlearned也ebasicinformationof出etwop,dab*s化sefo化doingtheexerimentinorder化conduct化e]esearchpreliab.lyF’irstltheauthorcollected化estudentsfi打alexamoflasttermastheiry,retestandtwoscoresareanalzedinthisaerthescoreofbasic,p,ypprammarandwritin.OnSetembertheauthorconductedthefirstggp49 MAThesisue*,questionnaire.44qstionnaiiesweredistributedCO打cemingstudentsinterestattitudesandtheirlearninmotivationtowardrammarteachin,gggandlearninaswellastheirlearninandbachinconditions.Thisg,gg>uestionnaire红imsatsurveinstudentsatitudesstowardrammarqygglearningandfm出ngthecrucialproblemsexis1;edi打grammarbaching,as,*wellasmakingsuiestudentsfromtwoclasseshavealmostthesamend扣atitudestowardgrammar.FromSeptember2toNovember15,也eauthoraswellastheEnlish1;eacherofClassOneandClassTwo,gconductedtheexerimentInClassOnetheauthorused也emultimodalp,coursewaretoteachEnlishrammarba化donmultimodalteachingggmethod.Meanwhiletheteacherconsciouslusesthemultimode,yi-interactionmultilemodalsemoticsincludinroleladiscu巧ion,pgpy,,imagesetc,andmixedCachingmethods化teachgrammar.Incontrast,theauthorusedtraditionalwayto1;eachgrammarinClassTwo,makingani打ductionofgrammarrulesinChinese,anddemandingthestudentstodoagreatdealofexercisesandKciting也egrammarrules.Theonlyvariablei打thisstudistheteachi打methodcontrolclasswithtraditionalyg,leachinandexerimentalclasswithmultimodalteachinandothergpg,variablesofthetwoclassesarethesame.’Aftertheexer-imenttheauthorused也es扣dentsmidtermscoresasp,theirposttest.Asthesameasinthefirstexam,therearealsotwoscores,thescoresofbasicandabUitanalzedinthisaer.Meanwhiletheyypp,50 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschool比’au化orgaveoutequestionnairesaboutstudentsfeedbackonmultimodalrammarbachin!;〇theexerimentalclassfromwhichweggp,canobtaintheimplementingdetailsofmultimodalteachingandthe,studentsatitudestowardthismethod.Atlasttheauthorrandoml,yinterviewed5studentsintheexerimentalclassandtheuestionsareallp,qaboutthemultimodalteachingsoas!;〇knowmoredetailsfromstudents.4.2.2Data乂nalysis-ThisstudhasadotedtheFactorAnalsisNonarametricTTestandypy,p-thePaired-SamidlesTTest.TheFactorAnalssisuse化化Stwhichartpyp’oftheexamisrelatedtostudentsbasicgrammarandramaticabilit.pgyTheNonrcT-Tesa0whe化er化earametitims1;eswosamleomp:tttpsfrtttttdindependenpopulaionobeynormalprobabilisicdisribuionanwhe"ther化eieexistsdifferencesbetween化econtrolclassand化eexer-pimentclassbeforeandaftertheexperiment.ThePairedSamples-stTTeisu化d化kstwhe出er化etwosampleshaveai化drelationshisopphahechan*as化rovetttesoftheiesuhsaredlietothechaneofapggdeendentvariable.pIData-AnalsisoftiePretest.y*th5出erametricsT-TesandthePa-Theauor。化NonpatiiedSamples-T-Te巧tocolthehellectandanalyzetheresusoftret的tscoresfromtptwoclasseswi化也eaidofSPSS.TheresultsfromClassOneandClassTwoshow也at也eirscoresofbasicrammarandwritinarearallelandggp51 MAThesis-satisfnormalprobabilisticdistribution.Thepreuestionnaireisyqcollectedbexcelandresultsshow化atthet;eacherbefore1;hey,exerimentadoptedtraditionalgrammarteachingfromwhichstudentspspentlotsoftimeb山gainlittle,andtheylost也eirinterestandconfiden化inlearninggrammar化ough化eknowrammarisverygyimportantforthem.2-.Dat:aAnalysisof化ePostTestAfteexerimene-r化eptthauthoru化stheNonarametricTTestandthe,p,Pa---iredSamplesTTesttocollectandanalyzethepost1:estscorethroughSPSS.Thesestepsaretakenasfollows.Firstlytheauthorusedthe,>NonarametrT-areandanaspicsTe巧化complyzetudentssecondexam化oresbetween化ecla泌es!:〇化巧whe化er化eysatisfynormalprobabilisticdistributionandwhetherthereexistdifferencesbetweenthetwoclassesafter化eexeriment.Secondl化eauthorusedthepy,'Pa--weeniredSampleTTesttocompareandanalyzestudentsscoresbet化efir巧and化e化condexamfromthetwoclassesresectivelinordertopyprovethechangesmadebytheexperimentclassiscausedbthey-experimentfreefromothervariables.Asreardtotheostuestionnaire,gpq,’'co化eauthorllededstudentsscoresbexcelandthendescribedandy,analzedthedataasfollows.y52 AnEmpiricalS化dyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddieschoolChapterFiveResults&DiscussionThischapteristhecorepartoftheempiricalstudy,inwhichbothalitativeanduantitativemethodsareusedtoanalzethecollecteddataquqyandtheresults.Theartbeinswiththere化ntatio打ofresultsaccordinpgpg化theresearchuestionsandfocusesontheanalsisofthedataandtheqyresults.化d,5.1TheImpactofMDA_on化eScoresofSentsGrammarLearninginthejuniormiddleschool"Inordertoanswerthefirstquestion,IsMDAgrammar1:eachingmoreeffectivethantraditionalgrammarteaching?;Ifyes,whafsthe"advantaeofMDArammarteachin?bothualitativeanduantitativeggg,qqaroachesareappKed.pp5.1.1DescritiveAnalsisoftheTestResultspy1.FactorAnalsisyThe1;的taerisdividedintoeihtartsinc山dinlisteninmultileppgp,gg,pchoice,clozetest,reading,spelling,sentencefilling,blankfillingandtliidodhichhlliwritin.FacorAnasssatetotestwartsavecosereatongyppwi化grammar,and化epartswi化littlefunctiono打grammarwillbedeleted.Theresultisshownasbelow.53 MAisThesiTab-lle51KMO汉狂dBartettsTest--eaKaiserMeerOlldnMsureofSamUnAdequ犯y..817ypg-Arox.Ch.ppiSquare1W955B'artlettsTestofdf28ShericitpySi..000g-nTable51showsthatthereexistssigificantdifferencebetween=whcorrelationmatrixandunitmatrixmeanwhUeKMO0.817ichis,,,higherthan0.8,therefore,thevariablescanbeused化doFadorAnalysis.T-able52RotafiedComonentMatrixpRota化dComponentMatrixComonentp123listenin.1巧.835.29g1Mult.iplechoice634.巧7.526c...loze化巧897167114read...ing531682009sel...pling575465197sent.52.:e打cefllling.7070281-b...lank巧Hing293789011Wr..iting1m939^^^Pr-AfterrotatedbVarimaxwithincileComponentAnalsistable52ypy,ha=showsttmultilechoicecloze化StandsentencefillinCoefficientp,g(0.6340.8970.707arehihlrelatedwi化化efirstfactorandreadin,,)gy,g=wandselli打Coeficient0.5310.575correlatedi化化efirstfactor.pg(,)Butwritinli巧eninandblankfillinhavelowcorrelationwiththe日rstg,gg54 AnEmpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachingUnd灯MultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschoolfactoras也eircoefficientslessthan0.3.Thefir巧factormainlyexplainsbasicrammarknowlede.Inadditionwritinaccountsfor93.9%forgg,g化e化ird拉ctoranditmainlexlainsfor化eabiUt化u化rammar.,ypygThereforetheauthorchoosesthescoresofmultilechoiceclozete巧,p,,readinsellinandsentencefillinasthebasicrammarscoredeleting,pggg,glisteninblankfillinandwritinanduseswritinscoreastheabilitg,gg,gyscoreoframmar.g2-.NonparametricTTestTab---le53and54showtheresultofthereexamscoresofthisterminphe-l1;twocassesbusin化eNonarametricTTestAswecanseefromygp.Tab-le53themeanranksofbasicrammarinthetwoclas化sare21.67,gand23.26withgaplessthan3points,andthemeanranksofwritingare19.79and24.98withcontrolclassalittlehiherthanexerimentalclass.gpAccord-hein化theNonarametricTTe巧ttableshowsthereexistsnogp,significant(iifferencesbetw说打thee邓erime打talclassand化econtrol=c-la泌rmsofasicrammarscoreanrnscoreaedin化bgdwitigsi.2til(g(),0.6810.178>0.05.ThereforewecanCO打eludethatthestudentsbasic,),grammarandwritingabilityofEnglisharethesamebetweenthetwoclassesbefore化eexperiment.55 MAThesise--WhesTabl53MannitneyTtRanksGroupNMeanRankSumofRanksI2121.674巧.00-rebasicrammar22323.p.26訂500gTotal4412119.79415.50-PreWr22324.98574.50itingTotal44TestStatistics--WrirebasicPretinpgrammarg-MannWh..itneyU224000184500W..ilcoxonW455000415500--Z.4.412137-As.ymp.Sig.(2tailcd178)-th-Table54resentseresultsoftheostexamscoresofthetwoppclasses.Wecanseethatthemeanscoreofbasicrammarinexerimentalgpliandconlclassi18iththifficasss27.02thetros.37wederenceber,ggthan8oints.Meanwhilethescoredifferenceofwritinismorethan8p,g-oint.MoreovertheSi.tailedare0.0250.014bothsmallerthanp,g(2),,0.05thuswecandrawaconclusionthatthereexisblaredifference,gbetweenthecontrolclassandtheexerimentalclassa行ertheexeriment.pp56 AnEmpiricalSuidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodal口iscQurseAnalysisin化ejuniormid如eschoolT-4Mann-Whable5itneyTestRanksV9NMeanRankSumofRanks.121巧02567.50basicrammar22318.37422.50gTotal44.1212733574.00223..Writin180941600gTotal44-onarametr-NpicTTestoftheostexamscorepTestStatisticsbasicrammarWritingg-annU..MWhitney146500140000W..ilcoxonW422500416000--Z2.2362.455m-t..14Asyp.Sig.(2ailed)0250--3.PairedSampleTTestInorder化makesure化at化elargedifferencesbetweenthetwoclassesarecausedbytheexperiment,freefromotherirrelevantvariables,--PairedSamleTTestisconductedtocompareandanalyzescoresofp--basicrammarandwritinbetweenthereexamandpostexamoftheggp-t-twoclassesresecivel.Table55and56presentthedataofpy--PairedSamleTTestbeforeandaftertheexperimentoftheexperimentalpclass.--Table55PairedSampleCorrelationoftheexperimentclassPairedSamplesCorrelations■NCorre.lationSig-bammresicpgraar皮Pair12!.948.000o-PstbasicrammargP--Pair2reWriting&Postwriting21.687.00157 MAThesis==5-5showsthecorreTablelationcoefficients0.9480.687andSi.,,gwh-0.0000.001ichissmallerthan0.05wecanseethattherescores,,,pandtheost-scoresoftheexerimentclasshavetheairedrelationandppp--canbeusedtodoPairedSampleTTest.e---Tabl56PairedSampleTTestoftheexperimentclassPairedSamplesTestPairedDiferencestdfSi.gan〇-Su..ror/raMelStd巨r95^ConfidenceIrneval2tiled()DeviationMeanof化eDifferenceLoweUrrppe-Pa-irprebasicgrammar----.....巧..4000026552579452086214690420000-1Postbasicrammarg--WPairPreriting----.巧.:.;...18L;36629823601116583220000-2Postwriting-Table56showsthatthereexistslare出fferencesbetweentheg-re-examandostexamscoresofptheexerimentclassintemisofbasicpp-=rammarandwritinscoresi.2tailed0.0000.000<0.05.gg巧g(),)Comarethescoresofre-exambeforeheexerdwithtimenttheppp,'studentsscoresofbasicgrammarandwritingimprovedalotaftertheexerimentin也eexerimentclass.ppTab--lile57PairedSampleCorreatonCoefficientofthecon化olclassPairedSamplesCorrelationsNCorre.lationSig*Pa--ir1piebasic&ostbasic23.871.000p-w-Pair2p巧riting在postwriting^.Wl\.000-Fromtable57wecanseethatthecorrelationcoefficientbetwee打the,58 AnEmpiricalSUidyoFGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin比ejuniormiddleschoole-os-examscoresarehreanmsofresofprexamandptighlylteditersco=basicrammarandwritininthecontrolclasscorrelationcoefficientgg(=n0.8710.871andSi.0.0000.000<0.05thus化escoresbetwee化e,,g,),*firstand化condexamshavetheairedielatio打fromthecontrolclass.pabe--Sam-Tl58PairedpleTTestofthecontrolclassPairedSamplesTestPairederencestdfSi.DiffgMdence-eanStd.Std.Error95%ConfiInterval(2tailed)DeviationMeanof化eDiferenceLowerUpper--Pairrebaspic---.4136.252....21304311622903172.754-1postbasicPa--irprewriting---..04351.07W.2243.5086.4217.194228482o-pstwritingscanseefromTab-ween-Awele58化ediferencesbet化ereexam,pandos-examscoresarenotstinificantintermsofbasicrammarandpgg-=writinabilitfrom1;hecontrolclassi.2tailed0J540.848>0.05.gy巧g(),)w’Thereforeecandrawacone山sion1;hatthestudentsbasicrammarand,gwritinscoresremainthesameaftertheexerimentinthecontrolclass.gp^12ittt5..Discussonoftheimpaconsudentsest’Before化eexperiment也estudenisbasicrammarandwritin,ggscoresarethesamebetween化eexperimentclassand化econtrolclass.-monAfterfourthexeriment出e出fferencesbetweenthetwoclassesarep,=--sini扫cantSitailed0.0110.03<0.05.ThroughPairedSamleg(昏口),)p’-tthTTestweknowthaestudentsscoresoftheCO打trolclassremainthe,59 MAThesis’same,b山thestudentsscoresof化eexperimentclassimprovedgreatly.Thechangeshappenedbecausethetwoclassesadoptdifferentteachingmethods,experimentclasswi化m山timodalgrammarteachingandcontrolclasswithtraditionalgrammarteaching.Fromtheabovedataanalsisitseemsthatmultimodalrammarbachinotonlimrovesy,ggnyp,mstudentsbasicgrammarknowledge&skills,butakoprootes化eir’writinabilit.Fromtherelationbetweenlearninandmemoritsgygy,testifiedbneurosciencesandvisioninstitute化atmultimodalbachinyg’’helsimrovestudentsmemorabilit.AccordintoDalesresearchppyyg,eolecanremember10%fromKadin20%fromheari打30%fromppg,g,seein50%fromcombininseeinandhearin70%fromg,ggg,communicatingand90%fromcombiningcommu打icatinganddoing.'’Thereforeitsobvioustoknow化at化ecombinationofvarioussensorystimuliisbene扫cialforstudentstoaccessandmemorize出eknowledgeandifsthereasonwhystudentsintheexperimentclassachievedhigherscoreinbasicrammarcomaredwithstudentsinthecontrolclass.gpMoreovermultimodalteachinu化savarietofbachinme出odssuch,gyg,-a--sroleladiscussionaudiolinualmethodandmultiinteractionspy,,g,betweenthe1;eacherandstudents,toactivatetheclassandsimulatereal’’situationtoattractstudentsinterestandimrovestudentspcommunicativeabilit.AsointedoutbZhanDelu2009theteacherypyg(),inanEnlishclassshouldnotchooseonlakindofbachinmethodbutgyg,60 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisinthejuniormiddleschoolshouldselectvariousbachinmethodsaroriateltoachievethegpppybachingobectives.Multimodalrammarbachintakesadvantaesfromjgggmultileteachinmethodssuchastraditionalkachinmethodandpg,gcommunicativeapproach.Theteachingmethodsareflexibleandinc山sive,somultimodalbachingweighsovertraditionalbachingin’cultivatingstudentscommunicativeabilit.y*5.2TheImpactofMDA^onS^dentsGrammarLearningInterest"Toanswer化6seconduestionDoesMDArammarteachinhelq,ggpstudents1;obuild出eirintere巧inrammar?IfeshowdoesMDAgy,’’’rammarCachinincreasestudentsinterestinrammar?bothggg,ualitativeanduantitativearoachesareused.qqpp-5.2.1DescritiveanalsisofreuestionnairepypqThere-uestttionnaireisdesinedoknowhebasicrammarlearninpqgggandteachingconditionsof也estudents,化eirmotivation,interest,’atitudesandexectationtowardgrammarleami打aswellasstudentspg,understan出ngofmultimodalgrammarbaching.Thequestionnaireiscomposedofblankfilling,multiplechoiceandessayquestion,andthereare21uestionsintotal.Thisstudsendsout44uestionnairestotheqyqstudentsbothinexperimentalandcontrolclasses,and44arereturned.61 MAThesisThereturnrateis100%.Reardin也isuestionnaire化eau化orwillggq,’analyzeanddiscuss化efollowing5factors:studentsgrammarlearningconditiontheirmotivationintere巧inrammarandtheiratitudes,,g,towardrammarlearning,theirexpectationingrammarbachinandgg化ebasicrammarbachincond扣onintheirclassroom.gg--fTable59Prequ的村onnaireothetwoclasses--ExtraEnglishLessthan35hours57hoursMorethan7learninhours3hourshoursgfor1week15%20%35%30%ExfrarammarLessthan1-2-hours23hoursMorethan3glearninghours1hourhoursfor1week15%15%30%40%ProportionofGrammarListeningReadinWritingghomework64%023%13%HomeworkGrammarListeningReadingWritingreference14%41%23%22%pCrucialabilitGrammarListeninReadinWritinyggginachieving64%036%0hihscoregGrammarMultileTranslationChaneWritinpggpracticechoicesentencereluctanceatternp-62 An巨mpiricalStudyofGrammarTeachingUnd巧MuhimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化eJuniormiddl己school32%28%32%8%MotivationinReadinCommunicatWritinAchievingggrammaroriinalinarticleshihscoresggggibookintlearnngssrument14%55%031%InterestinVeryStrongJustsosononegrammars化onglearnin23%41%32%4%gAssessmentofFunandBoringbutFunbutBoringandrammaru化fillusefuluselessuselessghinteacg41%55%04%-’’EffectonEnglishTeachingTeachersTeachersgrammarlearningcontentsteachingattractiveneslearnininterestmethodandsginterestEnlishlevelg36%18%23%23;%’TeachersCreateSetexamplesMoreDirectlygrammarsituationst;ohelppracticebyteach化achingtohelpstudentsthestudentsgrammaratternstudentssummarizewithfewrulesandpinduceexlanationstudentsprulescothempy63 MAi和ess0014%86%-ssroomlfstudExtra-tutorMo巧effectiveClaSeyinotherwabachiny化ggimrove32%32%9%27%prammargFreuencofAlwasOftenusedSometimesNeverusedqyymu-eltimediausedusdteaching91%9%00coursewareEffectofAttractNoeffectInterfereDistractbackroundatentionstudattentiongycureandpits18%64%5%13%soundsFreuencofAlwasOftenusedSometimesNeverusedqyybodylanguageusedusedandfacial5%14%27%54%exressionpused1rammarlearnincondition.GgAccord-intotable59theuestionsabout化eleami打con姐tionareg,qgresentedbanlan2an6an7anilandanl2intheuestionnaire.Thepy,,,,q64 AnlimodlEmpiricalSUidyofGramm如TeachingUnderMutaDiscourseAnalysisin比ejuniormiddleschoolresultsofaniandan2show化at65%studentsspendmorethan5extrahoursonEnlishforoneweekand75%studentssendmore化an2extrag,phoursonEnglishgrammar.Inaddition,grammardrillingisthemost’imortantartofstudentshomeworkandmultechoiceandtransatonillipp,pcoverthelargestpart.B山化estudentshate化的etwokindsofpractice==mostOnultilc:reluctancci2%translationrcluctanc628%.Promthep,〇abovewecanseethatstudentssendlotsofextrahoursonrammarand,pg,teacherassinsmorerammarhomeworkcomaredwithotherkindsbutggp,’化estudentsdont1化e化iskindofdrillingso也at化earenotactiveinyd’化eilileihahelearninggrammaranygantleingrammararnng.Ttstreasonwhrammarteachinandlearninaresoinefficient.yggg’2.Studentsmotiva村onandinfierestinrammarg’Theu的tionsaboutstudentsmotivationandinterestareshowninan3,q-an4an5andan8.Accordin!ble555%studendlihin;〇Ta乂tsstuEns,gyg*〇ordertocommunicatewithfoieinersand31/〇students化achievehihg,gscorethuswecanseethatmoststudentshavestronmotivationin,glearninrammar.Inad出tion34%studentsareintereskdinlearningg,grammarandother62%studentshavenoinclinationtowardg,’rammar1;hedontlikeitorhatehandtwosUidentsarenotinterestedg(y.),tttsthitdinitaall.Corresondinl41%sudennk也arammarisfUnanpgy,gusefuland55%studentstihinkrammarisu化fblb山notflmandonl2,g,y*studentsconsiderl;hatiammarisnotonluninterestinbutalsou化lessgyg,65 MAThesiswhichshowsthatmoststudentslo巧theirintere巧inramm化thouhtheggyunderstandwellthatrammarlasanimortantroleinlearninEnlish,gpypgg,AsKard1:0themo巧imortanteffectonstudentsrammarlearningpgginterest,36%students化ink化attheirownintere巧inlearningEnglish〇化e’countsand化erest64/〇studentsfeelinterestisrelatedto化e化acher,atractivenessandbachingmethodsandCO打tents.Therefore,mostoftheun^iorstudentsareassiveinlearninrammarandtheielon1:hejpgg,yy-Enlishteachertobuildinnerinterestinrammartoalaredereesogggg,thereisalotofworkcanbedonebytheEnglishteacher.3.Grammar化achingconditionsTheuestionsconcerninrammarteachincon出tions站eshowninqggg抑’anlO16anl7anl8anl9.Accordintothetableitsobviousthat1e;h,,,,g,teacheradotedthetraditionalteachingmethoddirectlexlaininthep,ypg*grammarrulesandaskingthestudents!;〇cothenotesandiecitethepyrules.77%studentsreortthatChine化isalmostthesolelanuaein也epggrammarc-lassandmultimediaiscommonlusedintheclass.g,yMeanwhile55%studentssa也at也eteacherseldomusesfacial,yexressionorbodlanguagetoemphasizeorexplainsome化inandpyg,moststudents比inkthepictures,musicandvideoplayedbythe1:eacher〇havelittleeffectsontheirstudandonl14/〇s1;udentslihinkthecany,yya-ttracttheirlearninginterest.Biieflyalthouhmultimediaiscommonl,gyusedin化egrammarclassroomthe1;eacherstilladotstraditional,p66 AnEmpirical¥化dyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisitUhejumormid山eschoolbachinmethodandseldomu化sbodlanuaeandfacialexressiongyggpte)activate1;heclassandtheicturesandmusicisnotfbllusedi打the,py’classandstudefttsdontknowtheiruro化.pp*4.Studentexectationtowardrammarpg,ThequestionsKgardingshdentsexpectationtowardgrammarareshownban13an14an15andan20.Itcanbeseenthatsomestudentsy,,thinkclassroombachinisthemostefectivewatoimroverammargypg,andome化-sinkselfstudismoreimortantbutonl4studentsconsideryp,y’extratutorin昏Studentsexpectationtowardgrammarclasscanbecateorizedinto3kinds:1Studentsareinclinedtodolisteninreading)g,gandwritinginst;eadofsolegrammarteachingandwishthekachertoteachrammarthrouhlisteninreadinwritinandseakin.2Halfggg,g,gpg)ofthestudentsexect也e化acher化interaterammar化achinintodailpgggylifewi也vividicturesandsoundsresentedthrouhmultimediasothatppgtheycaninduceorgu的stherulesbythem化Ives.3)Moststudentsexpresstheirwishesthatgr^marclasswouldbemorefun,andexpectthet;eachertoaddsomeactiv扣esintheclassandivethemmoretime化gpractice.Tosumup,mostjuniorstudentsarepassivei打learningEnglishrammarandtraditionalrammarteachinisborinandfailtosatisg,gggfy’studentsexpectation,whichleadtolowinterestrateinlearninggrammar.Aslonasstudentslostaninterestinittheainlittleinlearninandg,ygg67 MAThesisteachingthoughtheydevoteplentyoftimetoit.Mo巧ofthestudentswishthebachertochanethetraditionalrammarbachinaternandgggp,execthertointegraterammarruleswithicturesandsoundsinsteadofpgpasoleexplanation,addmoreactivitiesandgivethemmoretimetopracticeundervividsituation.ti-5,2.2Descriveanalsisofostquestionnairepyp,-Theostuestionnaireaimsatinves巧atinstudentsatitudestowardpqggmultimodalgrammartieaching,anditmainlydividesintothreeaspeds:,’studentsatitudeisstowardtraditionalrammarCachinstudentsgg,,intereistinmultimodalgrammarteachingandgrammar,andstudentsattitudesstowardmultimodalclassroomteachinganditseffectiveness.Thisuestionnaireadotslikerinventoriesandtitleanswersaredividedqp,intofivedegrees:stronglydisagree,disagree,neutral,agree,strongly’areesoas化toresent化esUidentsatitudesobectivel.Thescoreisgpjy5andheoalsis100from1totttcore.,Tabe-acsl510Reliab化tySttistisofo仁uestionnairepqReliability別atisticsC防''nbachsAlhaCronbachsAlhaNofItemsppBasedonStandardizedItems.mm20^68 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisint:hejuniormiddleschoolcaetat-SlSisticsofostquestionnairepScaleStatisticsMeanVarianceStd.DeviationNofI化ms巧.38122.44811.06620-Ashe-a=wecanleamfromtable510tostuestionnaireisreliable,pq(0.864>0.8.Themeanscoreoftheuestionnaireis79.38hiherthan50)q,g,thuswecanconcludethatmultimodalbachinghasageneralpositive,effectsonstudentsattitudesstowardrammarlearnin.Secificallggpy,’uestions1化6oftheuestionnaireconcernsaboutstudentsinterestinqq’grammarandmultimodalbaching.的tions7化11areaboutstudentsatitudestowardtra出lionalgrammarbaching,andquestionsfrom12to,20surveaboutstudentsdetaUedattitude巧1;owardmultimodalyclassroomteachinganditseffectiveness.Thethreeasectsareanalzedpyan过discussedin出viduallasbelow.y’1.Studentsinterestinrammarandmul村modalteachinggT,hequestio打saboutstudentsinterestareshownbyan1,an2,an3,an4,an5andan6in化equestionnaire(seeAppendixII),andtheresultisresentedas拓llows.p,-11ResfTable5ultostudentsinkrestinrammarandmultimodalteachinggReportan1an2an3an4an5an6Mean4.294.巧4....10419424410N212121212121SU....i.Deviation118910079951030^221*ThereortshowsthatthemeanscoreofstudentsinterestinrammarpgandmidtimodalCachinismorethan4whichrovesthatmorethang,p69 MAT1化sis80%studentsarestimulatedbmultimodalteachinandhaveaositiveygpeffectongrammar.Thescoresofanlandan2aremuchhigherwhich,revealsthatstudentsenomultimodalteachinwithactivitiesjyg,interactionsandsensorstimuliandreferitsrelaxedteachinypgatmoshere.p*2.StudentsaUitudestowardtradkionalrammarteachingg,Theque巧ionsaboutstudentsatitudes1;owardtraditionalgrammarbachingareshownbyan7,an8,an9,anl0,anilintheuestionnaire,.細dqtheresultisrese打tedasfollows.p*Tab-le512Students31村111(1的towardbaditionalrammarbachinggReportan?an8an9anlOanl1Mean3.053.;293...19181214N2121212121Std.Dev.1.l.;1.1.iation1322309327671236’Thereortshows化at化emeanscoreofstudentsattitudestowardptraditionalgrammarbachingis2.7,whichisle化也an3.。provesthat化etotalarovalratinofthisCachinmethodislessthan60%.Buttheppggscoresofan7anSandan9arehiher化an3which"lustratesthat,g,,’studentslike1;eacliersblackboardwriting,itcanattractstudentsintere巧,denU-andheltoracticestutssteninandquickmemorandsomeppgy,-studentsevenreardsthattraditionalexercisestuffedmethodimrovesgptheiraccurac化userammar.Inadditionthescoreofan10isle巧化an2yg,,whichexres说stheneedofuniorstude打ts化betauhtwithvividpjg70 AniilGrammarTeachinUnd灯MultimodalDiscourseAnalsisintileuniomiddlel巨mprcaSuidyofgyjrschooicturesandvideos.p’化3.Studentsdetailedaitudestowardmultimodalclassroombachinganditseffectiveness’Theuestionsaboutstudentsatitudes1;owardmultimodalclassroomqCachinganditseffectivenessareshownbyanl2,anl3,anl4,anl5,anl6an17an18an19andan20intheuestionnaireandtheresultis,,,qresentedasfollows.p^Tabe-udenaudesowardmutmodaclassroomteacl513SttsttittlilhingReportanl2anl3anl4anl5anl6anl7anl8anl9an20.144.054.244.....4.Mean41941043340543324N212121212121212121Std.Dev.......iation10141化1889981.831856.973658995,Themean化oreofstudentsattitudesmultimodalclassroomteachinisgmorethan4whichrovesthatmostofthestudentsleammorefrom,pmultimodalgrammarteachingwithimprovementi打deepermemoryaboutthebasicknowledgeandstrongerab化tyincommunicating.MostofthesUidentsreportthat出eycanbetermast;erandcomprehendthemw-meaninandrammarforiththeaidofmultimediainstrumentandgg,studentsimprovetheirlisteningandcommunicativeabilityunderthehelpofsoundsandvideos.,5.2.3Discussionoftheimpactonstudentsin化rest.-Fromab-tle59ofthereuestionnairewelearned化attheteacherpq,71 MATtesisbeforetheexerimentadotedtraditionalrammarteachinandstudentsppgg,spentplentyoftimeongrammar,butthebachingefficiencyisquitelowandmostof化estudents64%showednointere巧inlearninrammar.()ggFurthermore,化6juniorstudentsareqidtepassiveinlearningandwlylargely00theteacher化stimulatetiheirinterest,andthet;eacherfailed化-wusemultimediaappropriatelyiththeaddedicturesandvideoshavinpg,noefects0打studentsorevendistractstudentsstudinsteadofattractinyg也eirattention.Theyexpectthe1;eachertochangetilebachingmelihod,-andinterategrammarCachingintolifelikeshuationwi化interestinggicturesonPPTandaddmoreactivities化makeit扣n.Badotinpypg’4-monthexerimentin化eexerimentclassthestudentsattitudespp,towardrammarchanesreatl.Morethan80%studentsareinterestedgggyinhavingthemultimodalgrammarclass,and化ere耗rlearninfromypgdoinactivitiesandenotheeasatmosheretonteractwithteachergijyypandotherstudentsfrommultimodalgrammarbachin.Thethinkthegyvividpicturesandsoundsplayedintheclassimprovedtheirlisteningandcommunicativeabilitwhichareindisensablefortherammarclass.Iny,pgaddition,theuestionnairealsoshowsthatstudentsconsidertraditionalq’teachinbenefits化eiraccuracytouseEnglish,andteachersblackboardgwritinglistskeypointsclearerandmorelastingthanPPT,whichisalsoverimortanttothem.Inawordmultimodalrammarbachinyp,ggcombinestheadvantagesofcommunicativeapproachwiththeadvantages72 AnEmpiricalSUidyGrammarTeachinUnderMukimodalDiscoufseAnalsisin化euniormiddleschoolofgyj’oftrad姐onalbaching,stimulatingstudentsenthusi犯mandpromotingbachingefficie打csimultaneousl.yy73 MAThesisConclusionWiththedevelomentof也enewcurriculuminmiddleschoolsp,traditionalgrammarteachingneedsreformation,andcommunicativebachinisainin化euerhandb山revealsitsdisadvantaesraduallgggppggy,inimprovingstudentsbasicgrammarandpragmaticability.Mu化modalgrammarCachingwasbomwiththeriseofinternetandmultimedia,considerinlanuaeismultimodalnaturallinvolvinallasectsthatgggy,gpmakeuthemodesofcommunicationsuchaslanguageimaesactionp,,g,,colorsaceesturesetc.Thedevelomentofthistheorhasan,p,gpyinspirationinforeignlanguageteaching.ThepaperfindsthatMDAhasthefollowi凸gadvantagesingrammarbachingcomparedwi化otherEnglishteachingmethods:-1.Leadinactivi社estoarousestudentsMearninin化r的tg-MultimodalgrammarCachingdesignsvariouskindsofleadinactivitiesandcollaborationsamon化estudentsandtheteacherg,’stimulatinstude打tsinterestandinitiativenesstoarticiateinthegppbachingprocesssoas!;〇enhancetheefficiencyofclassroombaching.’Itsrovedbexerttt-imenhaclassroomleadinhasreatsinificanceinpypggEn,glishclassroomteachingwi化reaterimrovementonstudents,gplearnininterestlearninmotivationlearninattitudeslearning,g,g,g74 An巨mpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachi打gUnderMu比imodalDiscour從Analysisin化ejuniormiddleschoolautonomyandconfidencecomparedwithclassroomteachingwithout--leadinactivities.Aswecanlearnfromthepostquestionnairethatstudentsinexperimentda巧changedgreatlyintheirinterestandatitudes-moninrammarthrouh4thexeriment.ggp2.Reinforcedinutinformationthrouhsensors材mulitoraisepgy’studentsconsciousnessinrammargInanEnlishclasslanuaeinutislimitedandstudentsareassiveg,ggppinlearning,forwhichl;eachersareKquhed化takeadvantageofmodemtechnolotoemhasizethekeointsunderdifferentcontextssoastogypypbenoticedbythestudents.Multimodalgrammarbachingcanbeusedto-rovidemultisemioticssuchaslanuaesoundsimaesmaterialp(gg,,g,obectset;c化hihliht出etaretrammarointsandincreasethej)ggggp,oortunitiestobeinducedbthestudentsandraisetheirconsciousnessppyiiiidliinrammar.Bseeinandhearnavaretofvvexamesfocusngyggypgononecorerammarointitcannotonlelstudentsthinkandgp,yhpexploretherulesfromallthematerialsbythemselves,butalsobeconducive化化eirmemor.Inthiswastudentslearnthesamerammaryy,gointsunderdifferentsituationsthrouwhichtheyrovoketheirp,ghporiginallearningnetwork,andconnectthelanguageformwithitslhefoittimeaninsimultaneous.Trererammarsnolonerabouakngy,gggnumerousnotesandrecitinbutvividandCO打ere化化achinsettinsg,ggcombinedwithlanguageformandmeaning.75 MAThesis3.Variousteachingmethodscombinedtocompensa化formonomodalteachingMultimodalgrammarteachingadvocatesthatbachinghasnofixedmethodbuthasabeterwaba化dondetailedbachincontents,yg,Cachinenvironmentteachinobectives扣dentsandteacher.g,gj,Traditionalrammarteachinhasitsmeritsbutift;eachersalwasusegg,ythiskindofbachingwithoutanyrevise,studentswouldbesmotheredandlostintere巧i打learninit.Thafstosanomatterhowoodateachingy,ggmethodisitwi。beoutdatedif化remainsinvariable.Multimodal,grammarteachingreceivesnourishmentfromavarietyofteachingmethodsbasedondetailedteachinsituationsandresourcestokeeclassgp幻exibleinsteadofcontrollableandstatic.4.SimulatinreaklWecontextstohelstudentstoimrovetheirgppcommunicativecompetence’Theultimategoalofgrammarteachingistoimprovestudentscommunicativeabilitinsteadofaininhihscoresandaswecanseeyggg,--fromthereue巧ionnairethestudentsexecteame巧ltocommunicatepqpy’日uentlwithforeiners.Rea^li拓contextsareclosetosUidentsdailli佐ygy,whichcaneasilydrawtheirattentionandmakemultimodalinteractionsbetweenthebacherandstudentsoss化lebasedonthebachincontents.pgInthemultimodalgrammarclass,teacherusesmultimodalcoursewaretocreateli色likesituationswiththehelofinternetandvividandoularp,pp76 AnEmpiricalSUidyofGrammarTeachingUnderMultimodalDiscourseAnalysisin化ejuniormiddleschool’’ticturessoundsvideoandinformaionaremed化atractstudentseesp,,yandfurtherstimulatetheirdesireforexressionmeanwhilecreatinp,grelaxedteachinatmoshere.gpDespiteall也6strengthofmultimodalgrammarbaching,化erearestillsomeroblemsexistedin化isbachinmode.Whenweadotmultimodepgpteaching,weshouldaccountforthefollowingimplicationsassuggested,den*bstutsuestionnaiiesandinterview.yq1Multimodalbachinrovidesmuchconveniencesforteachin.)gpgHoweveritisdemandinforteachers.Asreortedbthestudents,gpy,t-althouhheteacheralwasusedmultimediatoteachrammarandgyg,ofteninsertedicturessoundsandvideoinPPTbutstudentsfailtoknowp,,,theuroseorevendistraUedtheirstud.Wecanseethatitsnotenouhpp,ygfor1;eacherstohavebasicPCskills,化eyneedtodevotemoretime化’desininthemultimodalcoursewarearoriatelaccordintosUidentsggpppygperformance,t;eachingcircumstancesandaims.Furthermore,multimodalbachinalsoreuires1;eacherstohavecharmsofersonalitsuchasgqpy,inviting,KspectfUl,supportive,inc山siveand0ex化lee化soas化establishamultimodalatmosphere拓rahighlydiversi日edpopulationofstudents.2Theinterviewrevealsthatsomestudentsaccustomed化traditional)grammarCachingfeelhard化adaptthemselves化theclass,andsomeotentialstudentsstillfail化catchupwi化化eclass.Thoumostofthepgh77 MAThesisstudentshaveapositiveatitudest;owardthemultimodallieachi打g,teachersshouldaattentiontoeachgrouofstudentsandalwaspypycommunicatewitihthem化findroblemsexistedinthemodeforfurtherpeducation.3MultimodalCachinis打otafixedmodebutflex化leandinclusive.)g,’Itsdesignedthroucombiningwordsaudioimaevideoetcwi也gh,,g,,rammarrulestoactivatestudentslearnininter的tandcreatevividggsituationsforstudentstopracticespeakingundercoregrammarrules.For化euroseofimrovinbachinefficiencltimodalteachinpppggy,mugchoosesthebestwaytoteacheachclassfromawidevarietofteachinyg’me化ods.Itsrequired化at化achersalwaysstaflex化leandadatable1:0ypswitchteachingmethodsbasedondifferentstudents,teachingobjectives,contentsandenvironment.Exceptfortheobjectivefactorsabove,thisstudyhasasmallsamplesizeandstudentsallcomefromthesameschoolwhichlimil;sthe,enemliz化ilitof化isstud.Besides0化erirrelevant拉ctorsmaalsogyy,yw,interfereith化eexerimentsuchas也e出fferencesofstudentsp,charactersandlearningatmospherebetween化etwocbsses.Finally,althouhmanrearationshavebeendonebefbre也eexeriment化egyppp,authorisnotanexperiencedteacherandnotoodatbalancintheggCachingmodesbetweenmultimodalbachingandtraditionalkachin..gTh的eroblemsneed化takeintofurtherconsiderationforreciseandpp78 AnlultimodalDiscourselisiEmpiricaSUidyofGrammarTeachinUnderMAnasn化euniormiddleschoolgyjrudentstud.pyThouh化eexerimentisconductedinsmallclasses20orsostudentsgp()andachievesanevidentaccomplishment,ofcoursewhethermultimodalteachinissuitableforlaredas化sremainstobes扣diedinfurtherggresearch.Inad出tion化isstudmainlfocu化sonrammarbachinin,yygg’化euniormiddleschoolanditsincomlet;eforawholeEnlishclass.j,pgTherefore,itsfurtherstudyneedstobedoneforotherpartsofEnglishleami打suchastheimactsonreadingseakinlisteni打andwriting.,pgg,p,g79 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AendixI:初中生英语语法学习情况调查表pp亲爱的同学:,您好感谢您填写用于调研和改进英语语法教学的调查表,此表采用不记名形式,答案无对错之分。本次调查的目的是为了了解同学们的英语语法学习情况,为教学提供有价值的参考依据。请同学仔细阅读此调查问卷,根据自己的实际情况如实作答。最后!,感谢您对我们工作的支持一1。.位)你每周花在英语学习上的时间平均为小时(请保留小数点后一2.你每周花在英语语法学习上的时间平均为小时(请保留小数点后位)。3.你学习英语语法的最主要的目的是为了()A.能更好地阅读原版刊物B.能更好地与外国人交流C..写出高质量的英语文章D在考试中获得高分4.你学习英语语法的兴趣()A-.浓厚B.比较浓厚C般D.无5.你认为英语语法学习()A.C.有趣但无用D.无趣且无用.有趣且有用B无趣但有用6.你最讨厌做怎样的语法练习题?()A.单项选择题B.奴译英C.改变句型或合并句子D.写作7.你要在英语考试中取得理想成绩,关键要提高能力()AB..语法.听力C.阅读D写作8.对你英语语法学习的兴趣影响最大的是()A自己的英语学习兴趣B教学内容的有趣性和相关性C老师的教学方法D你对老师的好感程度9.对你英语语法学习效果影响最大的是()A.用也记住重要的语法规则B.阅读英语书籍刊物(包括原版)C.用英语写作D.做很多语法单项选择题10.英语语法教学课中,你的老师最常采用的教学方式是()A一一.创设情境引导学生发现归纳操练B.举例让学生归纳总结语法规律'83 c.老师精讲为辅,学生操练为主(包括书面与口头)D.直接讲解语法规则,学生抄笔记11.老师布置的回家作业中,所占比重最大的是()A.语法练习B.听为练习C.阀读练习D.写作练习包括汉译英)(包括完形填空)(12.老师布置的英语语法回家作业中,所占比重最大的是()A.情景写作题B.汉译英题C改变句型或合并句子D.单项选择题13.你认为,提高英语语法水平最有效的途径是()A.教师课堂教授B.自己多看语法书多做语法题C课外参加补习班D.其它14.在下四项练习中,你最愿意做的是()A语换鋒R斤:h禅交1巳阅读^^^习(包括完形填空)D.写作i习(包括汉译英)15.你希望今后老师在英语语法教学课堂中采用的方法是()A.将语法教学融入多种生活情境B.结合深文内容讲解D一达到巩固提高的目的.教师讲授仁反复操练,方便学生多学多记,16.你的英语老师在语法教学时用到中文的频率是多少?()A.全英文B.极少C.偶尔D.全中文17.上英语课时,教师经常使用多媒体教学课件吗?()A.D.经常使用B.有时使用C偶尔用.从来不使用18.你的英语教师在教学过程中经常使用面部表情或肢体语言来传递或强调或解释某些信息吗?()A.经常用B.有时会使用C.偶尔使用D.从来不使用19.教师展示的教学课件的背景图片、背景图片W及背景音乐对于你听课有什么影n向?()A.吸引我的注意力B.没有影响C.影响学习D.分散我的注意力20.你能理解课堂中不同的色彩、图片、声音、版式对信息传递的作用吗?()A一...解B解些C不怎么了解D不了解了了21.你希望你的英语老师如何来教授语法裸?84 乂ppendixII:初中生对英语语法多模态教学模式的态度及意见调査问卷:亲爱的同学,您好此表采用不记名形式■感谢您填写用于调研的调查表,答案无对错之分。本次,调查的目的是为了了解同学们对多模态语法教学的意见和看法,为教学提供有价值的参考依据。请同学仔细阅读此调查问卷,根据自己的实际情况如实作答。最!后,感谢您对我们工作的支持答卷指南;请你根据自己的实际情况,按照每个字母所代表的含义,在最符合""您情况的选项上打V。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同=====A1分B2分C3分D4分目5分1.相比于过去课堂上的语法教学,我更喜欢多游戏、多互动、多感官刺激的多模态语法教学模式。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同2.在轻松、活跃的学习氛围中我更乐于回答老师的问题。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同3.通过多模态教学模式,觉得语法知识相比过去更容易掌握。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同4.多模态语法教学方式激发了我的英语学习的兴趣,对我的学习态度产生了积极的影响。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同5.课堂上与老师和同学的多模式互动提高了我课堂参与的积极性和主动性.A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同6.英语语法学习既有趣又有用()A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同7PPT.课件中的印刷体更能吸引我的注意力老师的板书很漂亮,相比,并且有利于提高我的英文书法水平。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同8.老师在黑板上写例句的省略部分恰好可W锻炼我的听力和速记。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同9.相较多模态教学模式,传统教学模式的题海战术,更有利于提高我语法运用的准确度。85 A..不赞同C完全不赞同B.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同10.除了文字外,没有必要出现其他内容(如图画、音频等),影响课堂知识理解。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同11.传统的语法教学方式使我获得比较系统、扎实的知识。我更喜欢传统的由教师归纳总结,学生背诵的教学模式。A.B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞完全不赞同同E.完全赞同12.在多模态教学模式下习得的语法知识比在传统教学模式下习得的知识在头脑中的记忆更深刻一、更持久些。A.完全...不赞同B不赞同C不确定D.赞同E完全赞同13.在课堂上与同学讨论、合作完成老师布置任务的过程中,促进了我对知识点的理解和掌握,加深了对语法知识记忆的效果。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定化赞同E.完全赞同14.多模态教学模式下的教师讲解时的例句与现实生活密切相关,能够令我产生联想,加深了我对语法知识的记忆。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同15.多模态PPT课件中的图片、文字、视频、声音能够吸引我的注意力,加深了我对语法知识的印象,减轻了我的记忆负担。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同16.老师在课堂上运用多媒体手段模拟的的真实情境,令我体验到了真实的目标语语言环境,提高了我运用语法的能力。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同17.PT课件通过课堂上老师运用的多种媒体工具(P、语音实验室、简笔画、多媒体视频等)能够更系统地呈现语法的使用规则,能帮助我更好的掌握和理解语法的焉义和用法。A.完i不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同18.多模态PPT课件信息量大,资源丰富,可W让我了解到更多知识,帮助我更好的运用语法知识.。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不碗定D.赞同E.完全赞同19.通过音频和视频的辅助,可W提高我的听力理解,有利于我的英语交流能力。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同目.完全赞同20.多模态语法教学模式,让我能在不同的语境中巩固语法知识,活学活用。A.完全不赞同B.不赞同C.不确定D.赞同E.完全赞同86 AendixIIIpp—一台山市新宁中学20142015学年度第学期期中考试八年级英语试卷:111说明.考试时间为00分钟,满分20分(其中听力部分巧分)。一一一2,.全卷包括第卷和第二卷第至第四大题为第卷,第五至第八大题为第二卷。3.答题前考生必须将自己的班别、姓名、学号按要求写在答题纸上指定的位置上。4,2B.答题时选择题要求用铅笔涂在答题纸上相应的位置上;非选择题则要用黑朽綱第或黑伤签字笔写在咎题紙上相应的位晉上一。考诚结柬时,巧上巧咎题纸(张)。第一卷语言知识与技能二、单项选择(本大题有15小题,每小题1分,共15分)(レ在每小题的四个选项中。,选出可ッ填入空白处的最佳答案)23.1seeJackbasketballeverda.(yyABaa.play.plysC.lainD.tolypygp24.Shesendsthreehourssingingin化estudio演播室).()p(A.化racticeB.racticinC.racticeD.ppgppractices25foucanHleewelloudrinksomem"kbeforeoinobed..Ist()yp,yggButouy’drinkcofee.hsbadforyoursleep.A,totstould.shouldhadbeternB.mutnsh;;,C.shouldntshouldnHD.hadbettershould;;26.Nickisoin化takearkintherace.()ggp,,,-A-.boys400meterB.boys400metersC.boys400meterD.,boys400met如27.WaneiwillBeiinthedayaftertomorrow,()gLjgA.leave1:0B.leaves化C.leaveforD.eavinforlg28.1theE打lishclubbecausermoin化anEnlishseech()g,gggpcontest(比赛)nextmonth.Atttt.oinoinB.takearinakearinC.ointakearinD.j;jp;pj;ptakeartiinoinnp;j87 —----Wai29.Doouhave化化11us?tforamoment.()yA.somethingimortantB.anythinimortantpgpC.importantsomethingD.importantanything30.Hismo化eralwas化11himcomuteramestoomuch.Ifsbadfor()ypghiseyes.A.laB.tolaC.notlaD.notpypypy化play3—?Mu…-()1.stIleavenow?No,you.A,’,.cantB.mustntC.donthave化D.maynot,32Thbttleisbuttiheitit..eoresnin(),A.enouhbienouhwaterB.bienouhenouhwatergg;ggg;gC.enoughbigwaterenouhD.bienouhwaterenouh;ggg;g——hEn33.Whotautli油?Ilearneditb.()ggyA.you;myselfB.your;myselfC.yourself;myselfD.yourself;me^34.Thesadwomanhissonshealth,()A.isworryaboutB.isworriedforC.worraboutD.yworriesabout,35.Wouldoumindthewindow.hs汪littlecold.()yA.moenin.notoeninC.not化oenD.化ypgBpgpoenp,36Themathroblemisnt出ficultIworkitout.,()pA.maB.mu巧C.canD.yhavetot化t37.is泣oodhabikeehealh.()gpyA.HavebreakfastB.HadbreakfastC.Having,breakfastD.Eatbreakfast三、完型填空。巧大题有10小風每小题1分,共10分)通读下面短文一,掌握其大意,然后在各小题所给的四个选项中,选出个最。佳答案,骆答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑TierWoodsisafamousrofessio打algolfer(职业高尔夫球手)?Infactheisgp,robabl38golferi打theworldtoda.He39in化eUnUedStatesinpyy1975.Whenhewasverounheleame过howtolaolf40hisfather.Inyyg,ygp1978,whenTigerwasthreeyearsold,hewason41firstTVshow.Heplayedo化withsomefamouseole42hesurprisedeveryone.Betweentheaesofgppg8and16TierWoodslearned这lotaboutlain43.Hewonhisfirst,gpygchampionship(適军)in44years.In1994,Tigerbecame过stude打tofStanfordUniversity.Hewon10golfchampionshipswhilehe45attheuniversity.In1996Tierbecamearofessionalolferand46moremone.Hewasver,gpgyyfamousandrich47hewasstilloun.Nowhehasmanfansandisamodelygyforouneole.ygpp38,A.thecleverestB.themostfamousC.theoorestD.theoldest()p88. 39.A.wasbornB.wascarriedC.wastakenDwas.()pleased40.B..AU)fromC.ofD.after()()41.A.化eirB.itsC.hisD.her42.AwetherB..orD.an.hifCd()43.B.C.).Agolffootballbaske1;ballD.(fboll化a44.A.也eseB.化isC.化oseD化at.()45AteachB.C.tD,.wasinwasworkinwassudin.was()ggygstartnig46.A.borrowedB.madeC.waskdD.lost()47.A.becauseB.thoughC.soD.since()四、阀读理解。15小题,每小题2分,共30分巧大题有)阅读下列短文,并做每篇短文后的题目。从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案,将题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。^CHESSCLUBBURNBOOTCAMPTheChessClubmeetsintheWatsonTrailParkBumBootCampsiveouthemostexcitement!gy—morn!ActivityCenteronTuesdayins5weekseachclassisdiferentg1000am-NsandThufrom.Tue:oondayrsdayBein打ersor打ot,aes8throuh98,at8:15amdurinschoolearggggy,a1700t.llareinvikdtooin;hefun.:ami打hesummerjTe34-914-2385Price¥12lehoneCall1:0.00fbr5weeksp:Teeonea--141lph:Cll3948523Location:WatsonTrailsParkINDOORTENNISLESSONPUPPETTHEATERCLASS"Weofferindoor1;ennislessonsLookinforafunclass?Kidsmakeuetsofgpppat化eDasInnMoteimlildyl.spematerialshere.IfourchenosyjyF-nw1essonsbr¥.0.atuets,artsorseresivehourlf600plyigihpppi*-tttAes7m!to11earsold5:006:00mheorshewillhaveaieaimeinhisclassg:yppg12—-3-Ma115:00m700mT155,49:0yearsold6p;ime:4:m:0mArilypppp--¥Tell147265Fe1twolephone:Ca3842e:85.00fbroneand¥65.00fbrLocation:WatsonTrailPark.Location:WatsonTrailPark48.Whenis1;heChessCluboen?()pA.5:00m,B.6:00m.C.10:00am.D.4:15pm.pp49Yltohavein1;ennslessons..oucancaldoori()-----246---A1.3149142385B.3148427265C.3145263D.31494852350.Kidscanmakeuets.()pppA.intheChessClubB.atBurnBootCampCDIMP.attheaysnnotelD.inuppetTheatreClass,51.YoullaifouandourbrotherwanttoointhePuetTheatreClass.pyyyjpp89 A.¥120.00B.¥85.00C.¥165.00D.¥250.00,52.BumBootCamis打toe打insummer.()ppA.at9:00am.onThursdayB.at10:00am.o打FridayC.at7:00am.onTuesdayD.at10:00am.onTuesdayB'Manofusdontamuchattentio打to化eimortanceofeecare.Itissaidthatypypytcareofourthenoucansurelbeheat.hatreesifouakebodlhTiswhouyy,yyyyyyshouldbeive打alotofcare.Naturaleecareshouldbeuti打打umberonelace.yagppThereareseveralcau化sleadingtoooreesihtlike打ote打ouhfbodenes基pygg,g(andain?Televisionscomutersandreadinarealsothecausesof因)gg(老化),pghavinooreesiht.Ifouhaen化workinfrontofthecomuteritisbest化takegpyg,ypppabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeou耗eluncomfortable.打isbadforoureestoo.Ifthishaensthebestwaistoyyy,pp,ycleanyoureyesbyusincoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttorotectyoureyesgpfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotustforfashionbutthecanalsojyserveasareatway化protectoureesihtformUVras.gyygyEatinghealthyfoodswilldogood化youreyesight.民ememberthatvitaminsA,CandEaregoodforeyes.Trytoeatfoodgroupsthathavethesevitamins.Andyoushoulddoeyeexerci化sbecauseexerciseprotectsyoureyesight,化〇.Ifapersonexercisesregularly(定期地andeats化erightkindoffood,hiseeswillstayin)yoodconditionforalongtime.gAllabovearenaturalwaysofeyecarethathelpuskeephealthyeyes.Beingh'aallthetimecanbehelfultoaersonseesiht1;oo.Inaworldeecareisppypyg,,ypveryimortant,nomatterhowoldaersonis.pp53.isthemostimportantwatorol;ectourees.()ypyA.Naturaleyecare巧?TakingmedicineC.SeeingthedoctorD.Beinghaallthetimeppy54thefolowncausescanleatobadeesihtexcet.Alllid.()gygpA.aeB.heitC.readinDcomutersgghg.p55.Whatshouldoudoifouhavetoworkinfrontofthecomuter?()yypA.Eathealthyfoods;.B.Cleantheeebyusincoldwater.ygC.Wearapairofsunglasses.D.Haveare巧afterworki打gforawhile.'""56.WhatdotheunderlinedwordsUVrasmean?()yA.沙尘B.巧电C.紫外线D.超声波57.Whidiisthebesttitleof化eassage?()pA.WasofEeCareB.WaysofEyeExercisesyyCWasofBeinHaD.WasofBeinHealthygppyygy90 c配对阅读。下面I栏是中学生要注意的五种安全隐患,II栏是韦个可供的详细解释或解决方案,请根据内容将它进巧配对。—吊II栏IA.Somestudentsdiein化isway.Withouttheir.1t,58Runninaftereacho;hera,()g。*^^teachersorarentsnearbythemanotknowp,yy*wotheiesttimebetwee打thowdowanerousnsemeein化i化dg化ig化ytclassesmaygetyouhurt.化eliver.59anB.Sostudentsmustwaitinlinewhentheare.Makin打rei化ebedroomy()gisverdanerous.waygiting化et化eirmealsin化edininhall.ggC.Whenclassisoverandoushouldhaveashony60.Whe打ouetanrwi化()yyggrestinsideouiourcassroomut.,ortsdel.Bou1,yy1janbodoutihtwithhim.yy,yg’cantranhereandthere’Thisisnotgoodat姐.D.Becauseoumabumhnsnourtiisideyyyg6l.Ifougotoswimintheriver()ybedroomandnbeklledbhefireeveiyt.nearbywithoutyourteachers,gSooucantusheachotherwhenouetonypygermissionouwillbeinp,ythebusinordernottohurtothersorourself.dyanergF.Ifouohomebyb化eleaseushitinsteadyg,pp()62.Ridi打gaWkeinsidetheofridinginsidetheschoolyarduntilyouareschoolyardfastisreardedasginthestreetoutsideyourschool.oneofthedangerousthins?.,g止,,G.AnyJclassmatesarey玉ourfriends.EvenifyJouatschool.,,cantagreewitheverythinoudontneed化g,yuarrelorfiht.Youshouldlearnhowtoetqggaonwewttelgllihohrs.第二卷综合语言运用能力五、单词拼写。(本大题有5小题1,每小题分,共5分)一请根据句义和中文提示写单词.,毎空限词。63?Whatshouldwedo化预防theflu?()^64.ollowhedocorsouwewelFtt建议),illgtlsoon-(y65.Doyouknowwho(发明)化e化lephonein1876?,66.Its必要的forus化keeoodhabits..()pg67.When化ewomanwatchesherchildheresarefullof、,快巧(幸福乐).91 六、根据中文提示完成句子。(本大题有8小题,每空0.5分,共10分)68.isMthetiers.Thearedanerous.()gyg,69.Imafraidyouhaveto辛巨绝smokinand()gdrinking.'70.Hesends过lotoftimesurfintheInternet^#studin.pg(j)yg71.Mmomalwasme强迫)sleeeariwhenIwasachild.yy(py巧书面表达(本题10分)一假设你是Mary,你的笔友Jack感冒了,请你给他写封邮件,根据上面的文章内容提示,告诉他你认为最有效的对付感冒的方法。至少列举王种方法并简单说明迭样做的理由。DearJack,Iamsorry化hear化atyougotacold.Ihoeoucanbewellsoon!Pleasewrit:etomesoon.pyYours,Maty巧 AcknowledgementsIherebexressmsincereratitude化maneolewhohelme过ypygyppplotinwr沾ngthisthesis.FirstofallIwish化resentmdeeestareciatio打andresect!;〇m,pyppppytutorProfessorHuanwhohasbeenhelinmeatvariousstaesofm,g,pggythesis.Shehaspatientlyreadmypaperformanytimesandgavemevaluablesuestionsaroriatelustat化erihttime.Witho山herggpppyjgconstructiveadviceandatientuidancethisthesiswouldbeimossiblepg,p化takeshape.Meanwhile,myspecialthanks1:0化acherLi,whoisanexerienced:eacrMiddleSchoolachesmehow1:01heinXinninpg,bmonitortheclassaroriatelyhilehavinthemultimodalclass.Ialsopppwgwish化thankallthestudentswhohasactivelyparticipatedintheteachingexerimentandfillintheuestionnairesaccordinl.Withoutpgqgy,theircooerationandsuortitsimoss化leforme化comletetheppp,pp也esis.Lastbutnotleast,Iwant化expressmyprofoundthankstomyfamilywhohavealwayssupportedme.93 湖南师范大学学位论文原创性声明:本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中己经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集休臣经发表或撰写过的作晶成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体1^,均臣在文中乂明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承捏。^J学位论文作者签名:年日八/;^月湖南师范大学学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,研究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属湖南师范大学。同意学校保留并向国家有关部口歲化构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权湖南师范大学可L乂将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可L乂采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。本学位论文属于1、□保密,在年解密后适用本授权书。2、不保密因(请在L乂上相应方框内打)一作者签名:曰期/曰:^月导师签名:曰期:年^月/曰