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分类号密级UDC编号中钟茲欠為幸硕±学位论文东中生奖语语法走據現化调去巧義学位申请人姓名;A爸蛛申请学位学生类别;全巧制巧壬申请学位学科专业;学科乂贵(乂语)指导教师姓名:々々接乂装
巧去学位论文’#MASTERSTHESIS硕±学位论文论文题目:高中生英语语法意识调查研究论文作者;唐艺讳指导教师:舒白梅教授学科专业:学科教学(英语)研究方向:英语教育华中师范大学外国语学院2015年3月
硕击学位论文MA'STERSTHESISAnInves杜a村onontheCurrentSitua社onofgEnlishGrammarAwarenessofSeniorHihggStiudentsAThesisSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheReuirementsqFortheM.A.DegreeinEnglishEducationByTangYiweiPostgraduateProramgSchoolofForeignLanguagesCentralChinaNormalUniversitySuervisor:ShuBaimeipAcademicTitle:AssociateProfessorSinature令g)ApprovedApril,2015
硕击学位化文T'MASERSTHESIS华中师范大学学化冷丈居刮牲声巧和使巧援权说巧居创牲京明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下,独立进行研究工作。所取得的研究成果陈文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中W明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。t作者签名:曰巧:年月/曰学住冷文敕权使用授权书、本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留并向国家有关部口或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权华中师范大学可W将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进。行检索,可W采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文同时授权中国科学技术信息研究所将本学位论文收录到《中国学位论文全文数据库》,并通过网络向化会公提供信息服务。^乂古作者签違满^命导师签义:考曰無如。\:月/日曰期:如年6月曰j/""本人已经认真阅读CALIS商校学位论文全文数据库发布章程意将本人的学,同""""位论文提交CALIS高校学位论文全文数据库中全文发布,并可按章程中的规定享一受相关权益。同意论文提交后滞后;□半年;□年;□二年发布。;g:;g作者签导师签:日期:山咬每6月'日日期:少年月目《^I
硕去学位论文MA’STEIRSTHESISAcknowledgementMyeartisMIofdeeestratitude化all也〇化eolefortheireneroushelhpgppgpdurinthewholeroG朗softhecomletionofmthesis.gppyFirstly,Iwouldliketosendmyextremelysincerethankstomysupervisor,AssociateProfessorShuBaimei,whohasencouragedmereatlandivenmereciousgygpdirectionsonthesiswritinme化odolothatareofenormousheltome.ggypSecondly,Iwant化化狙出allmyteachersofseniorhighschoolattachedtoWuhanUniversit.Youivemeafavor化finishtheresearchartofthisthesis.ygpThirdlIwant化ivethanks化allmclassmateseiseciallYiFanYuanDanLiuy,gy,py,Zhuounwhohelpsmeduring化ewholewritingroce化ofthethesis.ThealwasarejpyyositiveinheirattitudestowardmeandhaveheledmewheneverthecoixldptpyAtthesametimeIfeellikeivinmsincerethanks出idbeistwishestomfather,ggyyandmymotherforsuortinmeallthetime.Withouttheirencoura的andlovesIwillppgg,notcompletethethesis.I
硕壬学位论义'M/MASTERSTHliSiSyppAbstractE打glishgrammarisoftenre呂ardedast;hefocusin化6areaofEnglishlanguage化ach.Mtrmmarasaasaedanimoantroleinoreoverinourcoun打lishrahlwlrtg,yEggypypEnofe打orscedeve-lomentofrefbrmandoeninuinglishCachingsihighhool.Thppgphasgreatlyfacilitated化ereformi打seniorEnglish化aching.Since化eiVewCwr/cw/wwcameintooeration,educatorsconsiderthattheultimateaimsofEnlishpgbachingistoenablelearnerstouseEnglishforcommunicatio打,thatis,化cultivate,studentscommuncaivecomete打ce.rammarisartofthelinuisticknowledewhichitpGgpg'is化ebasisoflanuaecometenceand1:hesUidentsgrammarawarenessisalsobasedggp*onthete打ceanl;eachersamoieatenion化rammarlanguagecompeinturn.Mypytgexercise.*^/ifew/o/lWUh&eTVcw况幻巧施/oSr//片&&〇〇/aliedEnlish;eachea/各pp,gmeetanother打ewchallene.Ono打ehandweshouldletthestudentsmasterthebasicg,knowledgefirmlysoastomake化emgothrough也ese打iorhighschooleasily;0打化eotherhandweshouldhelthemdevelocommunicat.Mivecometenceanaershave,pppyppresearchedsomerobt.At1tlemsaboutrammareachinbefbretresen;hebiespggp,gg'roblemsi打Enlishteachinishowstude打化己打lishgrammarawarenessisandhowtopggg'tlttimprovethestude打tsrammarawareness.Onl;he;eachersareclearabouhisroblemgyp,theycanadusttheositionoframmarteachinandachievetheoalofEnlishjpggggCach'innaeterwainordertoimrovetestudentscomrehensiveabilitgibyphpy.The化esisbeinninwi化rammaticalconcetsUlus化atestheimortanceof,gggp,pgrammarin化earticle,explains化edefmitio打andclass巧cationoframmarawarene化,gexpoundsgrammarteachingfromthreedifferentviews,reviewsmanyrelatedstudies‘abo山grammarawarenessinChina,analysestheTVewCwmcw/w/w况口巧幻化/,summarizes化ereuirementsoframmarabilitan过rammaticaliteminseniorhihstudents.qgyggAccordingtotheanalysesofnewcurriculumcriteriainseniorhighstudents,theauthordesign也et:estpaper.Theaimof化isresearchis1:hecurrentskuationofE打glishgrammarawarenessinseniorhihstudents.TheresearcharticgiantsareallthestudentsinGradeppTh*reeoftheseniorhighschoolatachedtoWuhanUniversity.Thedataofresearch
硕去学位论文’MASTERSTHESIS*mainlwereroducedbtheiesultsof化约paer.Throuhanalysisthe巧searchtheypypg,authorfindsouttheroblemsoframmarawareness.Thefbllowinroblems:Grammarpggpml閒cannotmasteraccuratelSomerammarlanuaeointsexist过larenumberofy;gggpglooholesStudentsdon、have泣oodbalancedviewofformandfunctionFacinthe;p;gg-uestionsStudentshavealowlevelofanalticalabilityStudentsadheretoonesidedq;.yview^understandcommunicativeaWlity.BasedcmthefoilknowledgeofEnglishNewCurriculumStandardandthen-resetdarammarawarene巧ofseniorhihstudentsthethesisreflectsonthepygg,problemsthatexistinseniorhighstudentsandalsocomesupwithseveralenlihtenments.WecantaketheEnlishteachinintoconsiderationteachersshouldggg,'makerammarrulesasEnglishteachinfocusteachersshouldraisethestudentsgg;pragmaticawarenessgradually;teachersneed1:0打oticethestudents化keep江balancedviewofformandfunction;teachersalsoraisetheirowngramniarawarene巧.Fromthepersectiveofstudentsstudentshaveaknowledeofsolvintheirownroblemsinp,ggprammarandusethemostsuitablewat;olearn巨nlishrammar.gyggKeyword:grammar;grammarawareness;NewCurriculumStandard;Englishgrammar;teachinginseniorhihschoolgIII
硕去学位论文MA'STERSTHESIS摘要一英语语法始终是外语教学领域关注的焦点,在我国商中英语教学中语法直起到重要的作用,特别是改革开放的发展给高中英语带来很大的影响。自从新课标的,实施W来,教育者们认为高中英语教学的最终目标是教会学生运用英语与人交际培养学生的综合语言运用能力。语法是语言知识的组成部分,语言知识是语言能力的基础,而学生的语法意识又是W语言能力为前提的。因此许多老师更加重视语法的训练。。自从高中英语新课程标准的颁布和实施W来,窩中英语教学又面临新的挑战一一方面要使学生掌捏牢固的基础知识,W使他们顺利进入窩级阶段的学习,另方面又要培养学生的综合语言运用能力。之前有很多文章在研究语法教学方面的问,题,就目前现状来看英语教学中最大的困惑是学生的语法意识如何和如何更好的提高学生的语法意识。只要老师们能够认识到这个主要问题,才能调整好语法教学。的位置,W更好地方式完成英语教学的目标,这样有利于提髙学生的综合运用能为该论文从语法概念入手,说明了语法在文章中的重要性。解释了语法意识的定义和屯种分类,阐述了语法教学的王种观点,综述我国已有的相关语法意识的研究成果,分析了高中生英语新课标的标准,归纳了高中生需要掌握的语法能为要求,W及要学习的语法项目。通过研究我国教育部颁发的髙中英语新课标的标准,笔者设计试卷。研究的问题是高中生英语语法意识的现状,研究的对象是武没大学附中的所有高兰年级学生。研究的数据主要由试卷的结果产生。通过分析研究结果,笔者在数据分析中发现高中生英语语法意识薄弱。主要的语法意识问题有:语法规则掌握不明确;髙考语法知识考点存在很多漏洞;学生使用语法掌握不好句子的形式和功能上的联系;学生的自我分析题目的能力不强;片面的理解交际能力。在充分了解英语新谏标的标准和当前髙中生英语的语法意识情况基础之上,该论文对高中生的语法意识出现的问题提出一些意见。从英语教学方面考虑,老师要语法规则作为英语教学的重点;老师应不断提升学生的语用意识;老师提醒学生。要从形式和功能角度保持句子的平衡关系;老师还要提升自身的语法意识从学生角度出发,学生要有解决自己问题的能力;学生要找到适合自己学习语法的策略。关键词;语法;语法意识:新课标;高中英语语法教学IV
硕壬学位论文'SMASTERTHESISContentsementIAcknowledg?????—Abstract???????????.?????IV搞要11.Introduction1.1Researchbackround2g1.2searchsinificance3Reg2???????????.LiteratureReview62rae.1Gmmarawarenss2.1.1Conceptsofraixmiaranditsroles6g2itimmarawareness8.1.2Definonofrag102.1.3Classificationoframmarawarenessg12frthdiffti4.1.4Teachingrammaromreeerenvewsg2lttiiorhihschoolstudentsrammarawarenessinChina16.2Reaedsudesonsenggiidard23ReuirementsoframmarabilitincurrentEnlshCurrculumStan.19qgyg2.3.1TherammaticalabilitforhihschoolstudentsinEnlishCurriculumStandards..,19gyggi2ittbelearnedinElishCurrculumStandard,21.3.2Grammaremsongth243.ResearchMeodology324.1Researchdesign3.1.1Objectives243.1.2Subects24j3.1.3Instrument25325.1.4Procedure3D25.2atacollection326.3Dataanalysis428.ResultsandDiscussion4'f.1Studentsawarenessoframmarorm28g4iltil28.1.1Synthetcandanaycanguageawareness4.1.2Hotaxisawareness32yp4.1.3Sentenceatternawareness35p--4.1.4Partofspeechawareness36*4ifti.2Studentsawarenessoframmarmeannanduncon.,..38gg4.2.1Collocationawareness384.2.2Usaeawarene巧40g4.2.3Communicativeawareness415.EnlightenmentstotheDevelopmentofEnglishGrammarAwareness445lihtenmenttlishTeachin44.1EngsoEngg5t.1.1GrammarrulesasEnglisheachingfocus4451Kliffti4..3eepingabaancedvewoformanduncon5
zSm硕壬学位论文'SMASTERTHESIS5*.1.4Raisingteachersrammarawareness46g5.2Enlightenmentstostudents46'5iklib.2.1Havnganowedeofsolvnonesownrolemsinrammar46ggpg5Usinhemostitlmmarlearninstratei46.2.2.gtsuaberaesggg6.Concs"""""""""".....luion"6.1MaorFindins???"???48jg6Limitti.2aons49Bibliography50APPENDIX"."".55
硕壬学位论义'MASTERSTHIiSiS1I.n化eductionWi化化edevelopmentof化erefbrmandopeningto1;heoutsideworld,oursocietyinvariouski打dsoffielddevelosi打tensivel.Atpresent化edemandforroficiencpy,pyE打ndre打ceofndmostisc呂lishspeakersgrowsgradually.Ue比einfluthetrehghhool,studentsareninEnlishusoethihmarksonvariousexaminations.Thearelearggjttggynotabletousel;hislanuaefluentlandaccuratelinsontaneousdiscourse.Howeverggyyp,astttanuaeeachnaudentsosteredts;hedisadvanta呂eofheCommunicaiveLggTig化tstfhime化odcanspeakfluentlybut打otaccurately.Thatisbecause化eirlowlevelsofgrammaticalawarenessgraduallyrevealthemselves.Manybache巧begi打toayp'化atention!:〇化eroleofgrammarinlearnerslanguageacquisition.Grammaristbricksaretobuildinsittreatsacombinatio打oflinuisticformsaslanuaewhaggg,gmorphemesi打化estructureofwordsandaselementsin化estructureofsentences.Nomaterwhatkindsoflanuaeitis,EnglishorChinese,ithassuchasetofrulesggtodominateit.ThusgrammaticalcriterioninSeniorHighschoolEnglishCurriculum*化Standardplaysanimportantroleinft)ieignlanguageaching.Itlookslikeabenchmarki打gthatt己achersarebased0打itsprinciplestoEnglishlanguageteaching.However,mostofstudentsarelearningEnglishasadumbE打glishl;hat1;heyjusttake''stsinChina.Inotherwords化edontunderstandEnlishandalsocantseakEnlishb,y,gpgfluently.W她化isphenomenonaggravates,也e打ecessityandimportanceofgrammarawarenessinforeignlanguageteachingareuniversallyacceptedby过growingnumberofeducatorsi打recentears.PeolebeantoCO打cemabouttheroleoframmaraware打essypggCU)E打inlanguageachingand化ewassolvetheroblemsa打dimrovelishrammaryppggawareness.'This也esisroosest;oinvestigatethepresentsituationofseniorstudents巨打glishppgrammarawarenessinSeniorHighSchoolatachedtoWuHanUniversity.Thekeyi%uesofcurrentgrammarawarenessarepresentedandanalyzedirithispaerwhichalsopreviewsl;herelateds1;udiesaboutgrammarawarenessinChina,analyzet;heTVewCurriculumStandardandthenummarizethereuirementsoframmarabilit.This,sqgy*thesisisinte打dedtoanalsisandiesentthenowadasEnlishrammarawarenessGAypygg.()
硕去学位论义MA'STFRSTHESIS.Itttelltisclearlyosee化aGAisnecessaryandevenitiscrucialoleamE打glishw.Throughaclearunderstanding,wecandiscoverthatGAdodutyforanimportantwaytocultivatel;hecommunicativeabilitofthestudents.Inotherwordsrammarisreardedy,ggasacompo打entofasubectinEnlish.Itis化earranementoftherammarcomonentjgggpofEnglishsubjectthatmattersmost.WeshouldCO打siderabouthow化improve化eE打glishgrammaraware打ess.Myi打vestigatio打iscarriedoutthroughthewaysoftestaeranddocumentinthecauseofafterthatsomeroblemscanbeottoanswerthispp,pgquestio打:howis化ecurrentsiUiationoframmarawarenessi打seniorhighschool?Whatgis;hee打lihtenmen化edevelomenofE打lishrammarawareness?tgts化ptgg1.1Researchbackground*wWehaveenteiedaneraoflobalizationi打whichweareramidallincontactithgpyy-peolefromothercultureswithhihseedydevelopmentofeconomandtechnolo.pgpygyEn-glishhasbecomeanaUtimeimportantlanguagel;oolinthegloballanguage.目speciallyafterthesuccessful艮eiin2008OlmicGamesand化erecentsuccessfuljgyp"Woe打i打oftheorld£xoGhi打ahasbecominanEnlish1己ami打eranotonlforthepgp,gggyschoolstudentsbutalsopeopleofallagesandprofessions.Therefore,learningEnglish'urngrammari打seniorhighschoolisofcrucialimportance.Thenitis化achersttotake'intoaccounthow化increase比es化dentsrammarawarenessandhelstudentsachievegpsuccess.IncauseofachnccenEnlishteacherssttievigasussiguoseheirsudentsto,ppreachacomprehensiveaWlityinlisteninseakinreadinandwritin.g,pg,gg'However-theGhi打ese£FLlearnerslanuaecomete打cealtothetestoriented,ggpppyeducationsystemandlackofcommunicationcontextinlanguageCachingclassroom.LearningEnglishisquitediferentfromlearningChi打ese.Grammarawareness(GA)isaverydiferentstyleoflanguageknowledgefrom化eabilitytodescribe化esentenceinlofrrt:hefieldgamma.SotheChineseEFLlearnershaveashorcomingi打grammarawareness,thatcannotataintherequiredlevel.Grammarisoneofcorecontentof-lanuaeknowlede.Thereforeitisselfevidentthatrammarisverimortanttoalglgg,gyp'1tt:helearners.How化facilitae1;hestudensgrammarawarenesskeepsuparoblemthatpiswellworthfartherthinkoverands1;udyforall化eEnlishl;eachers.EricHawkins1984g()offersasuggestion,化atisrammarawarenessisromertedasareliminarbeinnin化gppygg臣打lishlearnintherocessofleami打巨nlishisartlrelonrammar.A^sHaigg,pggpyygwkns2
硕去学位论义'MASTERSTllliSlStt化e1999化ink化atrammarisreferredoavoaeofdiscoveri打o化eaternsof(),gygyplanguage,notthelearninglanguageofspecifiedrules.Solearninggrammarisnota"bogeywordanyIon呂er.In2003,theMinistryofEducationame打dedandpromulgated""theOrdinarSeniorHighSchoolEnlishCurriculumStandardsexerimentalyg(p)""referred化astheTVewCwr/cw/ww况口wd/口化/hereinafter.Itmadeclear1;hereuirement()qandsed打cinterretationon1;hestatusaimsmethodsri打cilesofEnlishrammarpp,,,ppggCachingi打HighSchool.ThegeneralgoalofTVcwCwr/cw/ww巧成iscultivate化e'reenseaneacaonabilivocaeshaudensearninlearnerscomphivlguagpplitity.ItadtttsttlgEnlishshouldbeimlementedearnestlyi打actionsot;hatwecanalourfunctionalgp,ppyrammar化eor化our化achinandlearninractice.Intheasectoframmar化achingyggpp,ggttttitemphasizes;harammarrulesshoulduinforhelanuaeractice.Grammarmustgpggp*'betaughtandwanttobeakindofaware打essservingfortheleameiscomprehensivelanuaealicationabilitggppy.Since化6Cw/r/cw/ww況幻w献issuedteachersscholarshor,andaveamajreconizintotheE打lishrammarCachin.Thealsohaveadearunderstandintothegggggygpartoframmar.TheCO打dusionwecansummarizethatthedificultpointofedaogicalgpgobec^jtivesisnottoteachgrammarbuttoincreasethestudentsrammarawarenessand,glanguageaccuracyoverall.TeachersillustrateEnglishfromsubjectiveaspect,itwasgonetoshowtotihesUidentsatschoolnotusttoive1;hemacademicknowledeof1:hefacts,jggofEngli沈buttohdthemhow化useEnlishnaturall.Therefbrerammaris,pgy,ginvolvedi打languageknowledgethatlaysthefou打datio打forlanguagecompetence.Thesearepreconditionforpreparinglearnerstoformconversancyandaptitudeinlanguageperformance.1.2Researchsini打canceg-Nativelikelanguageis化eoalofmanChi打esestude打tswhoarelearninEnlish.gyggButalotofstudentswanttobeaersonwhocanseakEnlishlikea打ativeseaker.ppgpY""oucansupposeasUidentlearningEnglishtosay,Megonoofice,alotof化achers"'"willregarditasequivalenttot;he打ativesentenceImnotoingtotheoficeevenifg,’thewillnota化estudentsatention化it.Thatistosaitiswhat化estudentmihtypyy,gsaifheorshewereanativeseakerutsomethinhasonematicallwro打.Thyp.Bggdraygestude打tshas打otyetcameacrossthearoriateformsin臣打lishorthearetransferringpppgy3
硕去学位论义MA'STERSTHESISstructuresfrom化eirmo化ert;ongue.Thetransferofmother1;ongueinEnglishlearninghasalwaysbeenafbcusofatention.Studentswhomakesentenceisrelated化theirownitt!tttrlanuaessbmsat化emomentraherhan;〇henaivesversionofEnlish.:emporayggy,gSothrough1:herammarawarenessbachersshouldtrainl;heirstude打tstospeakEnglishgfluentlyandaccurately.EversinceEnlishwastauhtinclassroomasafbreignlanguagerammarCachingg,ggandgrammaraware打esshadbee打thecoreofthetotal臣打glishlanguageCaching.Bothltseraeterammarormandrammarco打or;heeducaorsandlearnerxaggethgfgfUntigrammarmea打ing.Ast;hedevelopmentofnewteachingme化odologies,moreandmore'peoplebegantorealize化如theultimateaimofEnglishbachingis化cultivatestudentsrammarawarenessThatis化sa也esinificanceoflearninalanuaeliesinitsg.y,gggg.racticat.TomtheiVewpluseandcomprehensiveabiliiesherefore行Cwrncw/w/w况幻n施,fbrthehighschoolbachinggoalortheperspectiveof也efunctionandroleofownrammarteachinrammarlasanimortantand打ecessarroleinEnlishCachin.Itgg,gpypyggseenneartwelveearssince也eenactmentand/hablyimlementationofAewyp2003tt说幻巧施r施i打.Curre打lyhowarehegrammarawarenessofstudentsse打iorhighschool?Whatisthedefi打itionoframmarawareness?InracticeschoolTheSeniorgp(HighSchoolAttached1:0Wuhanuniversity),fbrexample,TVewCwt/cw/w/w况幻n流rn/is'mycriterionft)rresearch.Isetthe1;estpapersinvestigationandsento山1:estaper.pFinally,Ianalyzedataa打dgivesomee打lightenme打ts.Inthemiddleschool,theteacherstEnttto-ust1t:eachheknowledeoflishrammarhaalies;het;estorientededucationjggg,ppi'ss1emeachersonosertestudentsrammarawarenessaeuateerta:.Tdtfthgdql.Cinlyyy,化'Sdents化emselvesdontrealize化ispoint化atwillbeaproblem.From也equestionnaires,studentsarelackingin呂rammarawareness.Especially,therearesomeambiguoustermsexistinginstudentsminds,and化eyalsohaveinaccurateuseof.TtseroteacherslttttItlanguageofacedheblemareasohardorashecoreofconen.p,gpbri打sobstaclesforthefutureoframmarteachin.gggGrammarpracticeis打ot化ebestway化t;eachlanguagelearners1:oleamgrammar,'but化fbsterlearnersrammarawareness.SoitisverimortantforChineseearnersgyplstudyi打gLanguag巳WhatkindsoframmarawarenessberomotedinEnlishgpggrammar化aching?Thisproblemsisworthconsideration.Myinvestigationisusedforchangetheirmi打dstohelpstude打tstoimprovegrammaraware打ess.I打thelightofdata
硕壬学位论文MA'STERSTHESISfromm-yinvestigatio打舶sthesisisroected化etacleareedandscientific,pjgyconclusionaboutvarietiesoframmarawareness.Finallytheauthorutsforwardsomegpenlightenmentstowardsrammarawarenessg5
硕去学位论文'MASTERSTHESIS2.LiteratureReview2.1GrammarawarenessThequestionwhatdoesgrammarmean,thisproblemisreallynotaveryclearexplanationi打afewwords.Even1;he打otio打ofgrammarchangesalo打gwiththedevelopmentoftimeandsociety.Ano化eruestio打whatrammarawarenessalsocannotqgbede打nedcorrectlybyallofthet;eachers.Onthebaseoftidying論w'StandardsmaterialsIatemttomakeaclearclassificationoframmarawareness.,pg了hrouhrelatedstudiesaboutrammaraw注re打essi打Chinaweca打fi打douttheexistingg,gproblemsinthese打iorhihstudents.Withtheuroseofsolvintheroblemsandgppgp'Wimprovingthestudentsgrammarawareness,eshouldknowverywelltherequirementsoframmarabilitandwhatrammartobelearnedinse打iorhihschool.gygg2.1.1ConceptsofgrammaranditsrolesGrammarmayberoughlydefi打edasthewayalanguagemanipulatesandcombineswordsorbitsofwordsforthesakeofforminlo打erunitsofmeani打.了raditio打al()ggggrammarapproachtakeslanguagefbrmandstructureasfocusandmorphologyandsntaxasbasiccomonent.Andaccordintoitrammararranesthesestudiesinypg,ggcategories.Stem(1983)believedthatgrammarworksbydescribingthewaysbywhichphrasescombineintosentences.Thesedefinitionsareoftenregardedasstatic.Inthebachinracticeachersareawasttnemhasisonextgp,化lypuigtheirpplaininghegrammaticalrulesonforms,andsUidents,meanwhile,aretrained化master化egrammaticalprinciplessothattheycanproducegrammaticallycorrectsentences.DavidNu打an(2001)oncetalkedabout化ede打nitionofgrammari打secondlanguageleami打gandteaching:Grammarteachesushowtomakeuseofwordsshewin,gushowtomakeuseofwordsroerl.Grammaristobeabletochoosethewordswhichppyshouldbeplaced,wemustbefamiliarwithcertai打principlesandrules,anditisjust-化eserincileandrules化atconsistsofwhatiscalledrammar.LarsenFreeman2015ppg()saidrammar:Thestudofhowsntaxfbrmsemanticsmeaninandramatics,gyy(),,(呂)pg1!(usework;oe化er:〇enableindividuals化communicatethrouhlanuaesuccessfull.)ggggy5
硕去学位论义'MASTIiKSrilKSlS了heCO打ceptsofgrammarwhichIme打tio打edaboveareputforwardbyscholarsinme'differenttiandarevariedfromeachother.Thisishowthescholarsointonrammar,pgchanedhefirstdefinitionlasemhasisontheri打cilesofhowtochosewordstog.了ypppformse打te打cesand化eusaeofwords.Thereisnodoubt化atitbelonstorescritive,ggppgrammar.Theseconddefinitionreviewssomenewideasofgrammar;itclaimsthattherammarshouldhavethreeatributes化efbrm化emeaninof化efbrmand化euseofg,,g,tttthefbrm.Theseatribuesareinaccordancewihftincionalrammar.呂Ontitleotherside,grammarcanbetakenasadynamicprocess.InLowgw口n’拆Dzc/io巧幻叩0/1幻巧gw幻各e幻c知巧g在L/w各w/别/c,JackC.Richards,JohnPlatandHeidiPlattshowedussomede巧打itions:Grammardescribes1:hestructureofalanguageanditalsodemonstratesthewayinwhichlinuisticunitssuchaswordsandhrasesaregpcombttsent1;helanehemeaninndflmcesei打ed;ogehertomakeencesinguag.Tgsatio打s也sentenceshaveintheoverallsystemofthelanguagearealsointhechargeofit.Itmayormaynotcoverthedescriptionof化esoundsofaIan呂uage.TheinnatecharaUeroftstttlanguageliesiniuseisisfocus.Sudentsshouldbece打eredinteachingracticesopthat1:heirlanguaeabilitcanbecultivatedinlanuaecommunicationactivities.Thisgyggdefmitio打isevenmoregeneral,itnotonlystresses化erulesb山alsoconsidersthefu打ctio打andusethetext.GeoffreyLeech(1982)saidthatgrammarisdefinedaslinguisticdepictivewaysinimcaton.I打thevewofouasBrown1rammarsasmlifecommiiiH.Dgl200isl;e(),gygoverning化earrangementofwordsinsentences.In0化erswords,hasasetofrules,tslearnerswantoleamEnglihwell化atshouldmasterandutilize化eserules1;oexpress化eirideas.AndNoamChomsky1965hasafurtherresentation,hebelieves化at()prammarissntax化atdecideshow化esentencesarefbrmedusedandunderstoodisgy.It,clearforlearnerstou打derstandthe呂rammarmea打in呂■IntheointsofAnnBatkoand,pPennyUr,comparedwi1;haboveexpiatio打s,theyseemtobemorecomprehensive.AnnBatkothinksthatgrammaris1;hebasicpri打ciplesandstructuresofla打guage,whichcontain化eaccurategrammarformsofbo化sentencesandwords(Ann,2003).PennyUrbelievesthatgrammarhasasetofruleswhichgovernshowunitsofmeaningmaybeconstruckdinanlanuagePenn2009.Justasmostscholarssuort化emtheyg(y,)pp,Enitero订ThomburdeframmartlantemttttglishwrScyinesgasaseguagesyshasipulaesthewaysbywhichwordscombinewi1;heacho1;hertofrommea打in呂fUlseiUences.(Scott,7
硕壬学位论文'MASTERSTHESIS2006.)Accordingto化eprevioussurveysaboutCO打ceptofgrammar,wecancometoCO打elusionthatgrammarisnotonlystaticbutalsod打amic.Itisanener巧icsstemthatygygovernstheinternalstructuresofbothsentencesandwords.Teachesshouldorganize'authenticlanguagematerialsandclassroomactivitiest;o化St化estudentscomprehensivelanuagealicatio打abilit.Thisprocessofteachi打Enlish打oto打lcanbri打studentsgppyggyg呂rammaticalknowledgebutalsocanchangeitinto化egrammarawarenesstouseanuaecorrectllggy.2.1.2DefinitionoframmarawarenessgForChi打eselearners,ifwewant1:0leamanewlanguage,wede打nedgrammarasasetofrules,whichstatehowwordsarecombine过andchangedtoformacceptableunitsofmeaningwi也inalanguage.I打thisartweresearchthatrammarawarenessisthep,g"sameasla打guageaware打essthatnativespeakersusuallysait.The1:ermGrammary,A"warenesswasfirstutforwardinBritishGrammarAwarenessmovementandeverp,since化e打linguistshavekeptseekingto过e打neitfromdifers打tperspective.AccordingtotheAssociationofLanguageAwarenessALA,rammarawarenesscomesdownto()gthepreciselanguageknowledgeandconsciousviewpoi打tandsensitivitinforein,yglanguagelearning,fb^ignlanguagebachingandforeignla打guageuse.From化eperspectiveofpsycholinguisticsandsociolinguistics,grammarawarenessisdefinedasai化ersonssensitivitandconsciousercetionofthenatureoflanuaeandtsroenpyppggilidailycommunicationby也eNationalCouncilfbrLanguageinEducation(NCLE)WoPtD1rkinar0打lanuaeawarenessonmall985.Ino;hersworsgygg(,)1drammar,gawarenessmeans化edevelopmentinlearnersofanenhancedconsciousnessofandsensitivityto化色languageformsandlanguagefimetio打s.I打theviewofCater2003,he()offeredadefinitiontogrammarawareness,suggestingthatgrammarawarenessrefersto化edevelopmentinlearnersofanenhancedconsciousnessofandse打sitivityU)化eformsandfunctionofalanguage.Generallyspeaking,grammarawarenesscanberegardedasrecognitionandattentionwhichlanguagelearnersarepaid1;o出echaracteristicsof化etargetlanguage.InfactacuirinoneIanuaecanbecomaredwi化drvnacarWhenii.oudriveou,qg呂gpgy,yattttlwastake化erouehetrafficCO打diionandourdesinationintoconsideration.Asy,,yyoudrivealong,youneednot!:〇del化eratelyremindyourhandstost;eeroryourfeetto8
硕去学位论义'ST-STMA:I:RHlSISresstireroeredalonthecontrardrivinbecomesautomaticall.Lanuaepppp,y,gyggearninissimilarWhenouseakin化etaretIanuaeoudonotbearthoselg.yp呂呂g,ygrammarrulesinmi打dCO打sciouslyoufocusmoreenerontheexressi打andconve,ygypgyofmeaninan过化ouhts.Yourmindisnotconcentratedo打化erocessbutonthefinalggpoalouwanttoachievebusi打ourlanuaegyygyggHowever,vanLier(2001)argued化atgrammarawarenessmightincludeexpliciteachinoffommeal.Thoutrtinuisticrulesndterminolohbeinome,aarsg,ggyggsimilaritieswitha化achinaroachwhichadvocatesivinelicitknowledetothegppgg邵grsnomeansseurnoadona-lraarranslaonhodlearneitbyiasimlretttritiGmmTtiMet,,,,pfor-itisactuallyareactionagainstsuch化pdowntransmissionoflanguageknowledge.Accordin:li打so打rammarawarenessisamentalatributewhichdevelosg10Tom,gpthrou班ainmotivatedate打tio打U)lanuaeinuse,andwhichhelslanuaelearnerspygggpgg化graduallymakesenseofhowIan吕uageworksoHtiioetal.,2003.Heheld化at(目)languagecanbeacquiredbylearnersastheirinsihtsintothewashowlanuaeworksgyggmconveyinmeanm1打communicatio打row.g呂gItisapparenttiiatany打ativelanuaeseakerareawareofl:herammarrulesofhisggpgorh巧打ativelanuaeunconsciousl.Howeveroneoint化atshouldbeemhaizedggy,ppsclearlisthatthiskindoframmarawarenessistaciti.e.subconsciousratherthanyg(^)expliciti.e.CO打scious).了hatistosathrouhlanuaelearnersdo打othaveconscious(y,gggawarenessofthescholo呂icalrocesswhichisinvolvedinseakingandunderstandinpyppgataretlanuaethecanseakin化etaretlanuaefluentlbecauwofl:heirs化raeggg,ypgggygof'thetacitrammarawarenessoftiletargd:languaeintheirmind.Inadditionitsgg,obvious化atgrammaraware打essisclosely化latedto化efourbasiclanguageskills,suchaslisteni打g,speaki打g,reading,andwriting.mo-Grammarawareness化ouhfirstutfbrwardbthertonueEnlish化achers,gpygg,m*hasalsoarousedmuchinteirestao打gsecondorfbieignlanguaeresearchersandgractionerversinceisadvenanresearcerscarredouasesspitsett.MyhitrieoftudiesU)test'-metheeficacyof化eawarenessraisi打gthodsinacceleratingEFLlearnersgrammar-acquisition.了hetermgrammarawarenessraisinwasfirstputforwardb民utherfordgyandwh'SharwoodSmith1985ichrefersU)raisinlearnersawarenessoftheexlicit(),gp""巧-Unguisticformsofthetarglanguage.Theyhavebeenmai打tainingawarenessraisingti打Enlishlanuae:eachi打whichfunctionsasanassistancetohdthestudentsavoidgggg,p9
硕壬学位论文'MASTERSTHESISsomeoftheitfallsi打lanuageuse.Itisunliketraditio打alrammar化achingthepgg,Eimprovementoframmarawarenessin打lishteachi打rassrammaticalthemessuchg呂ggpgasthett-tenoaccessibiliyhierarchandherodroarameter.Nomatterwhalanuaistypppggneutralweleamthatlanuaecarriesvalues.Weleamthatlanuaeisamedium,ggggthroughwhichweinterpret.Butmanyof化acherswhoaretaughtbyconsciousexplanationcanonlyproducelanguagebylaboriouslycheckingeachsentenceagainsttheirawarenessofrules.According1;otheinvestigationsonSLA,Grammarawarenessrefers化thelanguage’knowledewhichisstsAtteg;oredi打thelanguagepeakersmind.ll打aivespeakershavehabilitytobeawareofthegrammarknowledgeoftheir打ativelanguagesubconsciouslywithoutstuditconsciouslinadditionwithoutanrammarknowledeeolearenotyy,,ygg,ppable化makeasinglesentencecorre別ly.Maybeanativespeakerisnotabletoverbalizethegrammarknowledgeclearly,butheorshegraspstheknowledgeoflanguagesystem.Grammarawarenessisquitediferentfromtheabilitytodescribeandanalyzethesentenceaspeakerproducesintermsoframmarexclusiveltheabilitthatonleolegy,yyppwhohavebee打taughtexplicitgrammarcanmakeit?了husChi打eseEnglishlanguagelearnersshouldattachgreatimportancetot;heimprovementoframmarawarenessin化egprocessofEnglishlearning.2.1.3ClassificationofgrammarawarenessFromthevariousde行nitionsofgrammarawarenessmentionedin2.1.2,itcaneasilybeseenthatscholarstrtoexlainitfromdiferentersectiveswhichsueststhatyppp,g呂grammarawarenessisaholisticconcept.Inseniorschoolclassroombachinrammargg,化ehachersnotonlytake化etraditionalgrammarteachingme化od,butalsoemphasison'traininglearnersawarenessa打drammaticalsensitivitatahiherlevel.Ifthe1;eachersgygustonladotmechanicalracticedo打otuidethestudentstoobservenustjypp,gligiichenomenonexlorerammaticalrulesandallanuaeabUii打ancontextp,,pgppyggtyy1;eacherswillcomeacrossmanyproblems化atthecomprehe打sionofstudentsjuststayinasurfacelayer.Togetathoroughunderstandingofl:heconceptitisimortantto,p'introduce化eholisticscopeoframmarawareness.O打thebasisofProfessorYesgresearch(YeXiaobao,2014),化eau化orintroduceseve打importantkindsofgrammaremenemssEiccordingtoNewEnglishCurriculumStandard.1Sntheticandanalticlanuaeawareness()yygg
硕壬学位论义'MASTERSTHI^SISSntheticlanuaemeanst:hatrammaticalrelationsdepe打dontheperformanceofygggwordsitsownmorphologicchange,andanalyticlanguagemeansthatgrammaticalrelationsshowitsfunctionthroughwordorder,fimctionalwordsandtheotherapproaches.OldEnglishbelo打gstotypicalsyntheticlanguage,Chinesebelongstoanalyticlanguage.ThusmodemEnglishbelongs化syntheticandanalyticlanguage,ittstillkeepsthesomecharacterisicofsyntheticlanguageandalsoabsorbsthefeaturesofanalticlanuaeForexamleitisunliketicalsntheticlanuaecomlelwordygg.p,ypygpxyg;orderis幻ex化leandfixed;fimctionalwordsusecomplexlyandchangefUllyinanysituation.hsh--Enwordsexressrammaticalmeanin化ati打加des化eartofseechtense,gpggpp,打umber,voice,mood,perso打,comparativedegree,finiteverbs(etc)bychan呂ingthemorholoicA1化ouh化ewordsmorholoichaneisuncolicaed出euleeg.ofcmtrsarpgpg呂p,riorousandusuallaear.Because化ereis打otmorholoicchanei打Chinesegypppgg,studentsaynoatentio打tomorholoicchaneaboutwordswhenthebei打tolearnppggygE打lishthereforetheusuallhavesomemistakesi打exressionbothwriti打andg,yyp(gspeaking).TheEnglish化achersshouldintensifyawarenessofuniversalityand化*mandatorabo山morholoicchanefrombeinnine打d.Soitisieco打dition化ypggggpeamsndofmi打山elanuaeuslikenlislthikiggtEh.jgeenera--ThlorderofEnlishsentenceissubectverbobectredicative化atisustggjj(p)j1化elearningChinese,wordorderisrelativelystable.ButEnglishmakefulluseofmorphologicchangea打dfimctionalwords化expresstimeandlogicalsequence,i打thiswordsorderasoreaeexeeenomenonofec-erbwaislltivly幻ibl.Thhsubtvinversio打isypjusuallymoreobviousi打English,ithasflilli打versio打andpartialinversion.Itca打comedowntosyntacticinversionandrhetoricalinversion.Sntactici打versio打ismandatoryy化atincludesinterrogativesentence,sen化neeofunrealcondition,concessivesentenceandechoingsente打ceinorder化usespecificpatterntoexresssed打csemantics.ppRhetoricalinversionisnotmandatory,suchas,emphaticsente打ce,balancedsentence,contrastivesentence,etc.Thepurposeof1:hemadjustwordorderstoexpressdiferentrheU)ricalefects.目esides,化eositionofatributeiscomlicatedandchaninatrib山eppgg,utsi打befbrccentralwordorafteritosositivehraseorclauseasatributemaabitp,p巧pyonlg.Englishhavelargeuantitiesofftmctionalwordsthatincludereositio打articleqpp,,11
硕壬学位论义'MASTERSTHESIS胃auxiliarandconunctionandalsousewidelywithagreatower.Thisointbrinsyj,ppgtsmandifficulties!;〇learnersXuMenxio打992suor也atE打lishisreositionaly.gg1)ppgpp(anuae了hereforethereositioni打Enlishistheuseofroerword0打adirectlgg.,ppgpp'relationshibetween化esuccessorfailureofimortantfactors.ThereisntarticleinppChinesebeforenomwemustusearticleinEnlish.Aftermanearsoflearnin,gyygEnlishlearnersstillerlexaboutchoosinwhicharticletouse.Solearnersusuallg,ppgynorethemeaninandfunctionofreositionorarticle.iggpp2Hotaxisawareness()ypEnscuses0打esrucureoflanuaeandi打alrelaio打shihesentencesglihfothttggtemtp.T'exresswordshraseandclausesrelationsthrouhtheconunctionrelationalwordsp,pgj,,reositionetcandtheotherovertcohesivedevices.ThiswaofCO打structinsentencespp(),ygs.in化atE打lisate打0isnamedHotaxiLia打Shunen1993ots0山hastion1:ypg()pgpycomple化sentencestmcUires,fbrmalstylestructures.A1化oughE打glishhaslongorshort,comlicatedorsimlesente打cestheatternisformalization.Themainreaso打isthatpp,pEnglishhasmanyatheredsente打cesmethods.Enlishdee打dsonovertcohesio打fromggpform化meaning.Cohesivedevicesarecolorfiilandalwaysappearinanycontext.Thenumberandvarietyofconjunctio打isgreatbigconjunctionandrepositionhaveahigher,putilizationrate,especiallymakingsente打cesisalmostwkho山化em.Besides,Englishalsocanutilizecoordinatedpri打cipleandmorphologicchangeofl;hewordtoexpressand*rammaticalloicalielationshi.ggp3Sentenceatternawareness()pSente打ceisasmallestu打itofverbalcommunication.Itisanimportantprerequisite'thatchoosin呂accuratesentencesandrealizingcomma打icativeactivityJforleamerslanguageoutp山.Thereisnodoubt化atingrammarteachi打gteachersutilizeactivitiestoacquireortantsentencearnsccordin;oreuisiilimpptte.Ag1theqtonofNewCurricuumStandardstude打tsshouldconcentrateonlearninnlishrammaticalstructuremaster,gEgg,sentencestructureandthenmakeaccuratesentences.,A1也ough化erearemanyEngUshse打tences,itboUsdowntofivefixedstructures.----earesubec--Thtverbsubectverbobectsubectverbredicativesubectverbyj,jj,jp,j-----indirectobectivedirectobectandsubectverbobectobectcomlementjjjjjp.Becauseoftiheselimitedfixedstructurestheformtransitionandexansionof,ypfoundationofsentences.Therearevariations(fori打stance,in1;errogative%nt:ence,12
硕去学位论又j^\(''MASTERSJHESIS打eativesentenceassivesentenceextensionfori打stanceaddedei化etusinclausesg,p),,(pgandphrasescombinationcombinesimplesentencewithsimlese打tencetobea),(pcomexsentenceinversionandomission.Subectandobecthaveanotherrinciletol)p,jjpp-makesentencesandthemustremai打thesame0打ersonand打umber.Subectre出cate,ypjpCO打sistencystmctumlinteritandformalcohesio打arean打uclearofusi打lanuae.,gyggg4Collocationawareness()'Thecollocationofwordsisarelationshipofthewordscombination.I打abroadsenseeverwordshasitsformalcollocatio打indielanaelearnint;hematchin,ygugg,gsecicationsrestrictimeaninandusae.Nouncollocationverbcollocaionpiftsgg,t,adectivecollocationandreositioncollocatio打allbelonstomai打collocationinjppgEnlishrammar.Amonthewholecollocationverbcollocationandreositionggg,ppcollocationareveryimortant.Preositio打collocationiskeoi打tanddificultlanuaeppypggpointi打Englishleami打g,whichi打volvedin打orm,verb,adjectiveandadverb.Chinesettt化thecotlearnersarticularlyaaenionllocationof化ewordsin化atiisdiferentppy,行omtheChi打ese,orauditorwillhavedificulti打comrehensionandevendistort也eypfacts.Thesmallwordisamostactivean过richvitalitypartofl;he目nglishvocabulary,suchasmonosyllableandapartofdisyllable.Thesesmallwordusewidely,in1;hatawordhasdiferentmeaninsandastroncollocationaWlitwhichcanbeusedinanggyycontext.Forexample,do,have,give,makeetc.Thesehi呂hfreque打cysmallwordsare’learnersoals.Lanuaeisconventionalizedroductit打eedsteachertocollectthiskin过gggp,ofsmallwordsconsciously.5Usaeawareness()gUsagehasgainedgeneralacceptanceinlinguisticgroupsandisaspeechhabitofthefirmfoundatio打■Ithasbeenusedfbrlongtimeandtellsus化巳wayhowtoexressp臣打glishandhowtousethiski打dofCO打ve打tion.Someusaeshaveitsownrulesbutg,someusagesarenotinco打sis化ntwithgrammarrules.Generally,weu化rammarasg"'standardU)udeasente打cerihtorwronorexamleinhe打化neehihimeg.Ft%Itstjggp,g"""thatwestartedthatusesi打化east化nse化atmaexress化ecurrentsUuationIn.,pyprt-shotherearemankindsofusaesi打E打lishrammar.Itiseverchaninlinuistic.,yggggggThereforeusageisaarticularreflexoflinuisticandalsoanarbitrarresentationofpgypnationalthinking.Sometimeswemustfollowtheusageaware打essandignorethose13
硕去学位论义’MASTERSTHESISrammarrules化atdonotconfbrms化elanuaefacts化e打usaehasareata山horitggg,ggyandevenonebeondgrammaticalrestraint.gyP--6artofseechawareness()pAwordisthebasicunitofsente打cestructureandawordmergespronunciation,semanticsandrammaticalfeaturesintoaunifiedwhole.Comarativelseakinggpyp,Englishhasaclearlyclassificationofpartsofspeech.ThevocabularyofEnglishtex化ookandwordcsstarsoroedwor-cassrmatonForelaofdicionyalpviddlinfbi.thmother1;onguetransferinfluenced,some1;eachersjusttakeintoconsiderationpronunciationandmeaningofawordandreardlessofwordclass.Somelinuisticiansggsupport化at化esyntacticfunctionofawordis出esolecriterio打fordividi打wordclassgteworIna打oterworrammatcameanins1ei打helanuagld.hdillaaleadingolei打:hg,ggpyrwordclass.InEnlishawordhasdiferentchanessoitdoubleasdiferentofwordclass.g呂,Whenwordclasstransformtheother0打e,wordformusuallydo打otchange.Forexample,someadectiveandadverbcanactasnounorverb.Seniorstudentssho山daatentionjpytotewordclassi打ordertocomrehensive也atwordorusetatmakinsentenceshphg.7Communicativeawareness()Forthelearners,grammaticalcompe化neeisaartoflanuaecometencebutitispggp,notwholeandeve打the打nialdecisiveabilityisramaticcomet;ence.Iflearnersareustpgpjusedtolearninglanguageformandresto打thelevelofsimplesente打cetolearnEnglish,not山rammaticalil;emintoEnlishararahs.TherammaticalabilitofLearnerspggpgpgy'cannotimrove打ottomentionimrovinlearnersracticalcome化neep.,pgpp-Generallseakinsomeseechactsandfunctionaln別ionalhaveassociatedwihypg,pt打xedsentences.Someexressionssuchasreuestinvitationordersuesionhavep(q,,,ggt)a打exploratoryseakinwaUiatwilliveeolemorecourteousfeelini打indirectwa.pgygppgyLearnersarenotfamiliarwithindirectexpression,theycannotmasterthequintessenceofEngHshcommunication.2.1.4TeachingrammarfVomthreedifferentviewsgWeusuallsarammarisreatvaluefbrus化comrehensve.Whachyyggpiy化grammar?Firstly,agooddescriptio打oftheuseoflanguageisausefultoolforthel:eacher.As1;eachersweare打aturallyprescriptive.Secondly,grammar1;eachi打gmightbealimitedtoolthanitisoriginallythouhtanditis化structurelanuaelearnininasstematicggggy
?学位论义'MA-STERSTH1:S1Stwa.Thirdlwe化achrammarbecauseitisabodofknowledeandwehavenoyy,gygthoughtoutanotherwayofaroachinlanuae.Sorammarteachinisvaluableforppggggg*Cttalllearners.Theiearethreediferenviewsabougrammaraching.Theyaregrammarasproduct,teachingrammarasprocessand化achinrammarasskill(ShuBaimei,ggg2005,andthe打Iwillexlainedthem0打ebone.)pyTeachinggrammarasproduct:Thisviewis化atCachinggrammarreflecttheexlanationinrammarrulesandrammarformindetail.Howeverlearnerswhoreceivepgg,alargeamountofgrammaticalexlanatio打swillcometoa打endtoknowalotaboutapanuael;hewil打otmasterthelanuaetouseitreachthecommunicativeeficac.lgg,ylggyThisaroachtakesaroductenectiveo打rammarwithteachi打structuresroundappppg,gpcarefulspecificationoflanguagefbrmswhichrovid巧化etargetlanguageforeachpessonAtheretherearetwoesaesintheleami打rocesshrouhroductteacin:l.kytggptgphg0打eisnoticingnewlanuaeinut.Theaimhereistomakecertainsecifiedformsasg呂pp'打oticeableaspossiblebycarefullydrawing1;helearnersatention1:01;hem.Anot;h巧isstructuringl;heirknowledeofthelanuaesystem:Learnersareivenoortunitiestoggggpputilizethegrammaticalforms,understandi打gthemandresetti打gtheminthecauseofdiscoveringmorerulesabouthowrammarworks.gTeachingrammarasrocess:ThesecondviewisthatCachinrammarrovideagpggpotofracticinoortunitinorderstere打6化1rammaticaruesthroulpgppytomaggllgharocessoftt.panalogyandanalsisratherhanexlanaionThelearnersmabecome打uentypyandsmoothintheasectofstructuresteachershavebeentauhtbutbeunabletousepg,a打uaearoriaelandaccuraeli打e打uinecommiicaio打bendecamlggppptytygmtyothlssroo.Processbachingengageslearnersinlanguageuseformulatingt:heirownmeaninsin,gcontextsoverwhich1:hehaveconsiderablecontrolandinsodoindrawinony,g,g-rammarasanonoinresource.了hrouhextendedracticeinlanuaeuselearnersggggpggcanproceduralize1;heirknowledge,learningtodeploygrammarwhilefbrthemostpartconcentrating化eirattentiononmeaning.Teachinrammarasskill:Thethirdviewis化atteachinrammarivestudentsggg呂gtiieopportunitytoapply化elanguageinvarietyofrealisticlanguageskuations.TheuseoflanuaeisreardedasEnlishteachi打taski打orderthatthe打oticemoreabouttheggggg,yEnantatttUglishawareness.Thedisadvgeofhelasviewisthatlearnerswillnobeable)definetheexplanationsofEnglishgrammaticalrulesofthetargetlanguage.Theaimhere15
邸社学位论文MA'ST1:RSTH1:S1Srnersma6afromhecarefulconoloframmarasroductotheistohelleake化lepttrtpgpefectiveuseoframmarasrocess.Whenwet;eachrammarasskill1;helearnerisgpg,reuiredto江ttcndtoramnmrwhileworki打0打t过skswhichrctai打江打emhasisinqg,gplanuaeuse.Forexamletilelearnersmaworkinrousreflectinon化eualitofggp,ygpgqy1ethehaveustusedi打rocesstask.Orthemabeworkinonareadin;hlanguageyjp,yyggtttt!tottttIts:askwhichrequiresae打ion;〇grammari打orderproperlyinerprehe1;ex.obectivesarecomplementarytothoseofroductandrocessteachin.jppgTaken化ge1;herthesethreeviewsrovideacomrehe打sivebasis抗refective,pprammarCachin.Eacharoachhasitsownadvantaesand化eweaknessesofonecanggppg,bemeasuredagainsttthsofant.erotoachhel;hestre打goherThpducapprpslearners化打oticeandstructurebyfocusin0打secificformsandmeani打s.了herocessaroachgpgpppguideslearnersinl;heskilloflanguageuse,allowing也emtoproceduralizetheirknowledge.Theskillapproachcare扣Uyguideslearners化utilizegrammarfortheirowncommunicationEverteacherhaveadttllearnerstreachtheerheri.y:uyohepoo打of呂rammarawarenessthrough化egrammarCaching.Thestudentsnotonlyrememberedtherulesclearlybutalsocanusethiskindoflanuaeaccurateltocommimicatio打inggyanysituation.2.2Rdat:edstudiesonseniorhighschoolstudentsgrammarawarenessinChi打aIn化仇扣earssomeEnlish化achersi打Chinarllrealiz化aitisy,ggaduayedtttssattEnHimporanandneceryo:eachlishrammarandtotrainlanuaeawarenessougggg(Guojin,1996;DingLan,1996;PengJianwu,1999;TengYun,1999,2000.Someresearch)'literaturesalsopropose1;hatgrammarteachingshouldcombineleveloflearners'grammaticaldevelopin呂withleveloflearnersrammarawareness.Themaini过eatriesg'todeveloplearnersgramm祉awareness.ZhangZhendongisafamouseducatorinEnglishfimdamentaleducatio打pool),hepoi打tedthatontheoccasio打Englisheducationtakes化0muchtimeandenertoemhasis化erammaticalknowledgeandinoresUiegypg,ganaeuseI打tevewofProrHZ2002stlgug.hifessouhuangli打hehado打eacontrasive(),researchbetweensecondlanaebachinandtile化achininourcountr.Heexigugggyplanedthatsomewesternscholarshadtakenarou打daboutrouteinseco打dlangua呂eteaching,16
硕壬学位论义MA’?STERSTHESIStdualll也trinisdinofrevaluaionand;heygrayacknowedgedagammarCachgeservgtreconsiderationfromourviewoints.Viewabout化ishe打omeno打ProfessorHusumspp,'uclearlthatrammart;eachi打isbnodoubt打ecessar.Whats111〇化thatistoeditanpggy,yy**attractiveandieadablegrammarbookforallthelearneis.GrammarteachinginChinahasalwaysbee打acontroversyandgrammarawamesshavevar.iedwithsituationsLuoinzhi2011makereferencetoacircumstancetheQ(),resentsiUiationoframmaraware打essit!ourcountrisstillunsatisfactor.Alotofpgyystudentsthinkoframmarlessonsasabori打one.Themaorroblemsaearedintheggjppptradtonalt;eachinmodeleseciall1;eacherasaninformationiverandtex1:bookiig,pygguidedclassroomhasfailedtobri打gaboutthedesiredou1;conieofroducinrammarp呂gawarenessfromstudents.Studentsinthismodelraduallybecomepassivereceiversandgarefbrced化accept化einformationi打relatio打化grammaticalstructures,practice化emKpeatedlyincommunicationandthe打roducinsimilarrammaticalstructuresthrouh,pgggi''--studentstraining.WhiletheviewofconsciousnessraisingC民hasdrawns化dents()attention!;〇也elinguisticfeaturesinadirectwayitwantstoemhasizetiie,pcommunicationholdsadominantposition(ZhaoLili,2008).Educatorsmakeapointofsaint;ocul化rerammarawarenessZouWeichen2000becausesomesUidiesfbimdygg,(g,)thatlearnersusuallcomletethesemanticunderstandinaboutlearninmaterialwWleypgg,lewtomatcalaattentiontoeanuaerm.eenome打ons:hyillnotauilypythlggfbThphidisas化ousforlearners.BaiQiumeimadeasurvey,(2002)throughl:heinvestigationofCh''i打asMiddleschoolsEnlishteachinaconclusio打hasbeenreachedthattheoverallgg,sconcernneachersachnmaeas化amesanaonituationigtCitrilchin1:hoddexminatisisg,gsatisfactory.However,thereexistsanimbalancebetweendifferentregions.The*communicationabilityisaid化0muchattentio打towhile化11111131andstudofwordsisp呂yneglectedintheexistentt:eachi打gmaterials,andtheteachingconte打tsdoesnotsnchronzeweexamnaonenssareorouyiith化iti.TgYun口000howedutabt化e)psituatonoframmaraware打essinEnlishForeinLa打uaeeachin.InteitoiTghlhfggggggtheupdatedsecondlanguageacquirement化eoriesandl:heinvestigationsongrammarawarenesssheointsoutthatthelaceoframmarisimortantinthewholeEnlish,ppgpg把a'chneacescase打trammarCacratti.Thrnnotloohehingherthanimroveherammargg,pg化achin.Thusmakin也ecommunicativeteachincanachieve化eerfectefect.gggpTTVCtszeTewwrr/cw/ww济口nJanir巧/or片&片2003oinout化ecurrent於语()p,17
硕去学位论文'STERSTHliSSMAlEnglishCachingemphasizesl;heexplanationregardinggrammarknowledgeandvocabularknowledgea打d打electst:headvanceofactualramaticabilitforstudents.y,呂pgyT'rainingieamersactualabilitisfocalointof比erefbrmofE打li純educatio打andypgdirection.The打asPengKunxiang2007oints也attheiVcwCwr/cw/wn汉幻巧成/化Hs()pdraftedbytheEducatio打Ministryi打2001accordi打to化eSLAaroachroosethat,gpppptheimportantviewpoi打tofthis巨打glishCurriculumRevolutionwas化change化esituation.Thatis化sayi打E打lishclassrammaticalknowledewereoverstatedb化e,gggy'化'化achersei打wed化estudentsrammarawarenesstouselanuae.AfterRachelS,ygggg'andeducators化巧£別:[〇110打theactualteachingapplication,theyhadtoadmitthattheydiidcomeupaainstdificultiesanddidnot化ink化estudentsabilit)usecanbegyUcu*tivatedw化outtheaware打essoframmar.八retrrisaterslia打umbeofofessondacheggphavedeserted化eir打egativeattiUides化gardingrammarteachinandbea打totrainingggg'*studentsrammarawareness.What;smoiedescritio打sinTVewCwr/cw/ww汾口闲舶化/g,phavebee打modifiedaboutthe化achinoframmar.ggProfessorFanYangcai2007makeasurvefromaseniorschool.Thereexist化e()yfollowingroblems;打thetranslatio打fromChineseintoEnlish:hiherrorrate,lackofpgg"grammaraware打ess.Forexamplease打tence打eed化betranslatedinafinalexam:我看,一"F你的电脑需耍修理下,显示器似乎有点毛病。orthestudentsofseniorgradethree,thisuestionisvereasandis打otdificultforthem.But化eerrorratereached41.78%.qyyActually,wehave16江阿)6(1thisstructurei打ju打iorschool技utwhe打weuseit,evenmistakesiaearedman.ThatcannotbeexlanedblasesandcarelessnessLetusppypyp.lookaUhem化ge化er.1.1amafraidthatourcomuterneedreairin,errorratel3,04%yppg()2'〇1amafraidharcomuer打eedbereiiirae7.ttyoupt化paed.eTort.46/if)3.1amrid化trctitafaaouomuernee过areareme打.ypp4i.1amafraidthatourcomputer1;orear.yp5.1amafraidthatourcomuterneedamend.yp6id化.1amafraatourcomuter打eedareair.ypp7.1amafraid化atourcomuterneedhavereaired.ypp8.1amafraidthatourcomuter打eedsomereairin,yppg91amafriuter打eedamendourcomuer.ad化atourcomt.ypyp10.1amafraid化atourcomuterwouldbemend.yp18
硕去学位论文’MASTERSTHESIS11.1amafaidthatourcomutertoreairedrypp12.1amafhiidthatourcomuterneedreair.ypp13.1amafraidthatourcomuterneedsomereaireypp14.1amafraidthatoiircomuterneedreair,ypp15.lsoitneedssomereair.Aps16.1suggestourcomputertobereaired.ypSuchasentenceisnotcomlicatedithasahiherrorrate.Themainreasonforthatp,gislackofgrammarawareness.TherightanswerisIam地aidthatyourcomputerneedsreairi打orIamafraidthatyourcomuterneeds1:obereaired.Thisquestionispgpp""""investigatinghow化use泣verbneed.Thestudentshavelearnedtheverb打eedusageintheuniorschool.Thusitcanbeseenthatthelackoframmarawarenesshasafectedgjseriouslylanguagecommunication.Thegrammaticalessentialityisanunspokentruth.Modemteachingtheoiymaintainsthatrammarlearnininvolvesnotnicelknowledeacisitionandskillggygqum'asterybutmoreimortantthefbsterinofleame巧rammarawarene巧.Iflearners,pggwanttouselanuagemorecomfortablymu巧masterallsortsoframmarrules.Throuhg,ggrealizingtherammarrules化isconductivetoenhancetherammarawareness.g,g2.3RequirementsofgrammarabilityincurrentEnglishCurriculumStandard2.3.1TherammaticalabilitforiscooudentinEnlishCurriculumhhlstsgyghgStandardsAtresentmostoftheseniorschoolinChinavisedthetextbookscalledPEPversionp,seniorhsicstextbook.The妃cusofthistextbookwhichshouldbehilihtedispyghgmaking泣lansstematicallyforEnlishlinuisticknowledeandskillsinorder化buildpyggg过knowedeaseforlearnersnoducesvocabuarandmmarsmaticaalgb.。itrlyrastellndgyytheimortantrammaticalitemofeverunithasermeateinevereducationalartstopgypyp,ensurethattheseniorstudentswUlefectivelystrenthenthebasicknowledeand化eggracticeofbasicskills.SEFC2003p(,)Theimprovementoflanguageabilitycannotbeseparatedfromthelearninofgsymmetricalgrammarknowledge.SeniorstudentsshouldleamandmasterEnglish
硕去学位论文'MASTERSTHESISlanuaebasicknowledethatconcludesfiveasectsofcontent:ronunciationgggpp,vocabulary,grammar,functionandtopic.EnglishCurriculumStandardsforsyntacticartsivesadefinitereuirement.pgq?>?’Level,Obective’jDescription*^seven。1.Tom^tertheconmionexressionsofdescribintimelaceandpg,pori说tatio凸?‘.2.Tounderatandandmastertheconmionexpressionsofcomparingpei^ont‘and.?obecj3.Touseappropriatelanguageformk)describe化e化i打gs,粧pressopinions,atttudesandfeeinsassimleasoss化ilgpp4.omasterbasicmethodofcohesionandcoher^ceinsomediscoursebaseT,secuoanzeusefiiormaton^ificrsetooiilinfi.pppg"、Itt曲ecommtceeiht.Tofurhermaseronexr^sio打sofmdescribingielaandgp,porientation一2.Tofurtherunderstandandmasterthecommo凸既pressio扛sofcomparingperso打进idobectsj3.Tousearoatelanuaeform化describethethinsexressoinionspppriggg,pp,atitudes.山孤dfeelingsassimpleasoss化lep4.Toleamandmasterbasicdiscourseknowledeandb化esecificuroseg,ppp"tooiganizeinformationefectively.。'.化过ftirtherunderstand打otnine1.Onthebasicofeightlevelio打alfUnctio打of,grammaticalform,anduseefectively.一2.Torelieveandunderstandmorecomplicatedlanguagephenomenonstepby巧eandhaveacertainabUittoanalsisandinterretationformorep,yyp^comlicated..planguagehenomenonpAccordingtoEnglishCurriculumStandards,thistableshowsusgrammaticalcriterioninseniorhihschool.Facinthistableraduatedfromseniorhihschoolgg,ggstudentsshouldreachninelevelrammaticalitemofEnlishlanuaebasicknowlede.gggggProfessorZhangHoninointsthatthearranementoframmaticalstructureisgygpggreasonableinthetextbook.Thatrequirestheteacherslainanactiveandeffectiverolepyginrammarknowledewhentheteacherstrainthestudentsrammarawarenessingggpedagoicalractices.gp20
硕壬学位论义MA'STERSniliSlS2.3.2Grammari化mstobelear打edin£>1各化A况任rt成m/GrammarawarenessisaboneofcontentioninEnglishCaching.Howtotrai打?Andhowtoraise?Duringthe1908sthecommunicativeapproachwasintroducedintoourcou打try,some1:eachersaymoreattentiontoachievetheteachingcommunicationduringpclasse义Theyfbcusonlinguisticmeaningnotfbrmandignore化e化achingofgrammaticalrulesandrammaticalmistakesinthecommunication.Thatleads化glearnersmakinmistakesinsokenandwrttudentsevessinagiinEnglish.Sarenossegpgp’blurryCO打cetofgrammar.目estracticeindicatesthatitisnecessary化trai打studentspprammarawarenessnseniorhihschoolwhatkindsofnecessitoframmarg.Ig,ygawarenessneedtoervasio打?HuYain2014ivesusthreenecessities.pq()呂GrammarhelsstudentsU)developcommunicativeabilitpyDeveloingcommunicativecompete打ceis也eultimategoalofEnglishlearningp,rammarisanassociatedboneofvocabulara打dsente打ce.Wehaverammaticalrulesgygthatca打expressfeelingandmeaninerfectl.ThatalsocanmakeserUe打ceshavinagpygclearunderstandinforlearners.Thereforerammarcometenceisastronsuorting,gpgppgfoimdatio打ofcommunicativecompe化打ce.Thecorrectunderstandi打goflinguisticform'mcanpromoteimprovingst;udentscommunicativeability,andinturnthedevelope打tofcommunicativecompetencecanhelps1;udentsverifysy打taxhypotitiesisofthetargetetosolidateammarnowlede.languagconrkgg2Grammarcanhelt;hestudentsimrovin化eirunderstandinabilit()ppggyStude打tslearn化eirmo化ertonueunderafavorablelanuaesituation化edonot呂gg,yhavetolearngrammaralsocanleamlanguagesenseandacuirecommunicativeqcometenceusinmotherl;onue.Howeverlearnin打lishisakindofsecondpgg,gEgla打uageleami打.Theexressionisdiffere打tbetweenEnlisha打dGhi打ese.Ifoudoggpgynotleamgrammarknowledgeinlearningsecondlanguage,studentscanhardlyanalysislstructureomcatedsentencesandundertt:hefcoplisandhemeaningofsentencescorrectly.3Grammarcanhelstudentsraisincomrehensiveuality()pgpqTheoalofEttst.Ttglearningnglishimproveallheaspecabiliiesherearelisening,seaknreaand.stuenonocomareospig,dingwritingIfdtsdtptwkindoflanguageconsciouslyandsys化matically,andsUide打tscannotleamandmastergrammaticalrulesandstructurestheerhasaearamistakeofcomrehensionandexression.,ypppppp21
硕壬学位论史MA’STERST邮SISEspeciallylanguageoutput,studentsutilizeincorrectrammaticalrulestoexpressionandgreducelanguageoutputquality.Thatmakespeoplemisunderstandingandappearsmanymistakes.Fromtheabovewecanseethenecessityoframmarawarenesstheteachershouldg,underlinethegrammarawarenessandgrammarsensibilityoflearners.Studentsknowveryellthathowmanrammaticalitemsshouldbelearnedinseaniorhischool.Inwygghorder1:0have江oodviewofmaticalitemthereisatablebelow.,ggramThe,tableofammaticalitem'狭,(1)countablea<nm卢<,^1*let.noun2)uncoimtabnom(3?()proper打?,oss后ssive"(4)aoimp*^1ersonalronoun*()pp<V2reflexiveronoun^()jj?^2ronoun*ative*?.3interroronouap()gpossess?(4)iveronounspp5^,indefiniteronomi*()p<6demonstrativeronoun-?()p?3?numeral。(1》ordinalnumber"'i、2)mmbeiv(car曲nax^,4.repositionaxidreositionalhrase*pppp5io",.CO扛junctn?。iverlaives)"?&<ijective(comparatesand公uptv^,7erb*.adcomarativesacidsuerlative(pp)',Silv.artce?*Ibasic^()formoftheverb^'?^?nk*(2)verbli,今.verb*,ntransi一3transitiveandtveve成)ii(*verb^4auxiliar*()y<5modal?()verb*"?'thereseat*(Icontixmoustense^)p,Vheresenteiase^t(2)tp?3theast,,(tense)p10泣se"r<.te4tl化flituretense()?ast>(5)hecoatinuouseose*ttp*?6theresenterfect*()tensepp,7theerfect^()asttease*pp<thetfitii*8)asiretense^(passive?11voice",p12-?,扮o沉fkditeve沈(1)verbto2verb->I()j^f22
硕击学位论文'?MASTERSTHESIS!!e-^口)vrb破共^gynth泛sisp(^扛d-bu^13ildins^*.worg2)derivation(3conversions()bb^itiono4arevaandlograms()g^,<1declarativesente虹c於()^^14*.tesoftivetyp(2)mterroasenencegsentences朵3imerativesentence,,()p4xclamatot^()eiysaience^fSsubect(Oj^wd—2reicatsub良Gtdio注!e^t片(eipeGonsseaG^)(p^jpy)^3d4>preicative()15-coQStitueiitsof:ob巧巧directdindi(4(anrectobect)jjV^sentences^,(巧co姐lementg占巧attribute片)*,7adverbial()谷1)subjec重卡linkverb+redicative卢(p*占*i6.tiaeessential2subectfintransitivevertv()jf^"右structureb+iisosentence(3)suecttranstveverb+obectjj泣,t+transtiti竹b!l,4subeciveverb+obecveecCO掛eme()jjjp5subect卡verb牛directobect+indirectobect片()jjjthereby(巧col^ound*17.compmpexseatenceVlobe巧l*()jcauseV2adverbia>^lclause()bodinate^^主8-sur3attributeclause#()comound片廣p4subectclause^^()j5sosidvecl細se扭()pp^i,6red,icatveclause()p出^19,rectandindirectspeech兵20.ellipticals巧ite技c盼21-invertedsentence,22,.emphaticsentence和23.subunctivemoo瓜jn23
硕去学位论文’MASTERSTHESIS3.ResearchMethodologyFromthereuirementandcontentofEnlishCurriculumStandardinourcountrqgy,grammarawarenessisofmainconcern.Englishramm姐awarenesslasanimortantgpyproleinthewholerocessoffundamentaleducationeducatorsarehointhatteachersp,pgc孤打oticemore泣bouttherammarawareness.Andrammarawarenessisthecohesio打ggofb游icedu蝴tionandhihereducation.Duetovariousinstructiontowardsrammargg‘化achingEnlish化achersetintoaredicamentinrammarteachin.iVewcw77cw/ww,ggpgg'standardemphasisondevelopingstudentscomrehensivelanuaealicationabilit.pggppyHencethe化esisisroected1:0investiatetheresentEnlishrammarawarenessin,pjgpgg'seniorhighstudents.化issignificantofhelpingbothEnglishteachersteachingandstudents.化isbeneficialfortheteachers化keep泣balancedviewofformandftmetion(meaning)intheirteachingrocess,whichwHlresultinabetercomrehensionamonppgthestudents.3.1Researchdesign义1.1ObectivesjDue*化theissueandapplicationof妨挪从Cwr/cw也/w议内成a?成ofseniorhigh*studentsin2003teachinrammarhasbecomeabitcontroversial.Andstudents,ggrammarawarenesshascomeaeroanroblemsndobstacle.Thisrese犯chaims化g巧myasp*findoutthelevelofstudentsrammarlearnininseniorhihschoolandknowverwellgggypresentsituationoframmarawarenessinthecollegeentrancemockexamination.g3.1.2SubectsjThis^searchis化becarriedouttheseniorhighschoolattached化WuHanUniversityinHubeirovince.Allthestudentsofrade3areresearchtaretswhicharepgg,inseniorhighschoolattached化WuHanUniversit.To过certainderee,seniorhihyggschoolattachedtoWuHanUniversityisamediumschoolinHubeisothisschoolcan,reresentecommonsosenorepthsituationfihighschoolsinHubi.AllthestudentsarticiantsarefromGradeHireeofseniorhihschoolwiththeppg,24
硕去学位论文MASTERSTHESISconsiderationthattheyareatacrucialstageandcanrepresent1iiemostcommonsituationsofseniorhighschoolstudents.3.1.3InstrumentTherimaryinstrumentis化巧aer.Accordin化theimortantlanuaeointsofpppgpggptheNationalMatriculationEnglishallthe化託aersforstudentsweredesinedbthe^ppgyresentauhorafteeinenormousrelevatmaterials.ptjrassssgnThe化巧aerwaswriteninEnglishustlikeEnlishEntranceExamination.Therejgpparefor-imlemultilechoiceiemslloftheuestionsinthitestaerweretysppt.AqsppdesignedstrictlyaccordingtoEnlishcurriculumstandard.Thetestpapermainlhandlesgysevenparts:I)Syntheticandanalyticlanguageawareness;2Hypotaxisawareness;3))Sen--tenceaternawareness4Partofseechawareness5Collocationawareneissp;)p;);巧Usaeawareness7Communicativeawareness.g;)31.4Procedure.BecausetheauthorpracticesintheseniorhighschoolatachedU)WuHann*Universit.Itisconveient化achievethisresearch.Theauthoraskedforclassteachersayfavorandoccupiedaclassmeetingcourse化dothisKsearch.TherearenineclassesinGradeThree化ewholeclassatthesametime化finishthet:estaersinorderthatthe,ppresultisefective.Inaddition化eir化Stresultswillbeused化exlorethereasons.This巧searchabout,pthecurrentsituationofgrammarawarenesscandevelopstudentsEnglishgrammaraware打essinseniorhighschoolandhelstudentsuse化esuitablerammarlearninpggstrateiesandsolvetheirownroblems.gp3.2DatacollectionTheauthorracticedfbrtwomonthsinseniorhihschoolattached化WuHanpgUniversitylastyear.Thefirstmonthsobservesthegrammarteaching.Afterthat,theau?thorbean化desin化Stpaper.Atlast,theauthor出stributedthestudents化!Staersggppfromclass11:0class9simultaneouslyinfreeclass.Givi打gthirtyminutes,andthenthetestpaperswerehandedbackimmediatelyafterthirtyminutes.Thesumtotalofthestudentsis352.Altogether352testpapersweresent化thestudentswith300obtained.Thereturnrateofthe1:estpapersis打early85,7%.Thereforethetestpaperisreliablet:obe25
m\硕去学位论文(^'MASTERSTHESISused?虹addition,according化EnglishCurriculumstandardofexami打ationoutline,the化到aersweredesinedandossessed瓦certainersuasion.ppgpp3.3Dat:aanalsisyAfterthedatastatisticstheauthorfiuredutheaccuracrateofthetestaer,gpypp'aboutthestudentsgrammarawareness.(Table1andTable2showtheaccuracyrateof化Stpaperaboutgrammarawareneissandeachuestionexaminesthekeypointofqrammar.g)Tab'le1.Studentsawarenessoframmarformg。20%Comarativederee)pg口)67%Functionalwords1.Syntheticand352%Functionalwords()analyticlanguage480%Functionalwords()awarenenss-(5)91%Subjectverbinversion52%Subect-verb巧inversion)j7t-verb72%Subecinversion()jec-verb890%Subtinversion()j955%Conunctionandreosition()jpp1040%Conunctionandreosition()jpp11%%Clause()2.Hypotaxis1233%Clause()awareness1375%Clause()Clause1464%()Clause1570%()。巧52%Clause3.sentencepatern。7)43%Variationawareness854%Variation。)。9)81%Omissionandextension2089%Omissionandextension()2--(1)15%PartofspeechPar--247%tofseech(巧p26
硕壬学位论文WPi’xi/MASTERSTHESISgar--h4--tofseec.Partofseech2395%Ppp()awaart-of-seechreness2498%Pp()P姐--tofsee浊口517%p)-口巧82%Part-ofsp说化Tab'le2.Studentsawarenessofgrammarmeaning口715%Preositioncollocation)p281%Preposkioncollocation(巧5.Collocation2915%Prepositioncollocation()awareness3022%Semanticcollocation()-eword口192%Hihfruencs)gqy(3巧95%Usage6.Usageawareness3382%Usae()g3434%Usage()巧599%Communication)7.Communicative口巧巧%Communicationawareness3747%Communication()Communication3882%()Asastatisticalmaterthatmeanstheresultisverbearish.Grammarawarenessis,yne-mu-weakssfromtheresult.Therearethirtyeightsimpleltiplechoiceitems.Eachquestionisworth2.5points.Thescoreofthetestpap^is95.Thepassrateofthisiexam-i打ationisonly30%.Ni打etonestudentsscoresreached57scoK.Afterdointhis(y)g巧说31〇11theauthoraskedsomestudentsiftheuestionnaireis化0hard.Somestudents,q’answeredmetheydontthinkso.ButthereallcannotrasthewholekeointsandyygpypdificultypointsabouttheNationalMatriculationEnglish,letaloneuseforcommunicationandimprovinggranunarawareness.Innextch^ter,theauthorwillanalsiseachuestionfromtheresults.yq27
硕去学位论文'MASTERSTHESIS4.ResultsandDiscussionmlf-itFrothediscussionandexplanationintheabovechaptersitisseevdenttha,grammarawarene故isnecessaryandimportanttopayatentioninseniorhighschool.Due化出sappointingandunsatisfactorscoresfromtheresearchteachersandstudentsy^areoftenutintoaredicamentintheirteachingandlearning.pp虹thecauseofachievetheaimofinvestigatingtheresentsituationoframmarpgawarenessinseniorhighstudentsdataanalsisofthetestaperwasdividedintotwo,yparts.Oneistt.Tjfromrammarformandheoherisfromrammarmeaninhedivisiorypg,ggreasonisthateveryonelearnsEnglishfromthegrammarform(ml妨)andgraduallymovesontogrammarmeaningorfimction.ThegrammarformincludessyntheticandanalyticLanguageawareness;hypotaxisaAA/areness;sentencepatternawareness;and--artofseechaw^eness.Therammarmeaningincludescollocationawarenessusageppg;awarenessandcommunicativeawareness.;'4.1StudentsawarenessoframmarfoimgInorder化孤alysistheresultsofthecurrentsituationofgrammarawarenessinseniorhihschoolthetesta纪rstudentsaredesinedcarefiiU化focusattentionong,pp巧gythefollowingresearchquestionsafterreferring化agreatdealofEnglishcollegeentranceexaminationpapers.AlltheitemscomefromtheQuYiXiancounselingbookabouttheNationalMatriculationEnlish.g4.1.1SyntheticandanalyticlanguageawarenessFromthetestaperthereareeihtitemsinvestiatinstheticandanalticp,gggynyLanguageawareness.Tab'le1.TTieinformantsrammarawarenessofcomparativedereeggNo.lAA犯few批加20%()Baslitleas20267%Casmanyas186%D批muchas207%28
zSm硕去学位论文MA'STERSTHESIS'Fromthetablewecanetsomethinabout化estudentsrammarawarenejssofgggcomarativederee.Thecomarativedereebelongs化akindofmorphologicchangepgpgandalsoanimportantrammaticallanguaeointinseniorschool.Thereareonl20%ggpyofstudentsthatcanchooisetherightanswer.Howevermorethanhalfofthestudents,believethataslittleasconformwiththisanswer.Thatmeansstudentsdonotunderstand""""theusinbetweenasfewasandaslittleas.Thetwohrasesbothemhasis过bitgpp""""numberbutthediferenceisthatasfewasmodi巧esluralnoun.Soasfewasis,pcoincidentthisuestion.Inaddition,thereare13%ofstudentschoosinCandD.Theseqgstudentsdonotunderstandtiiesentencemeaningatall.Fromthesyntheticlanguageersectivestudentsfirstlknowtheuseofthehrasesandthenanalzethemeaninofpp,ypygexpressiveway.Due化the日筑dbleandstableword,thestudentsshouldanalysismorphologicalchangerulesthatareinagreementwitiirammaticalrules,gT*able2TheinformantsrammarawarenessoffunctionalwordsgNo.2BA/a7826%();Ba/20167%;Cthea103%;Dathe124%;No.3AAtwodozenof15652%()Btwodozen00Ctwodozens00Dtwodozensof14448%No.4(C)Aasaresult227%Bonthewhole206%Cinthemeanwhile24080%Dasamatteroffact186%Fromthedataof化esecondtable,wecanseethattheresultofaccuracyreachmore化anhalfofthewholestudents.Thethreeuestio打sinvestiatehowt;ouse化e打ounqg,articlereositio打andreositionhrase?虹theseconduestional化ouh67%ofthe,pppppq,gstudentscanknowtheusaeofarticle.Whensomeuncountablenoimsuchas,g,(知2〇w/化/化e化)weremodifiedby^2/幻只+幻娩vethatexress於知巧如,psomebodorspecificthins.Howevertheseconduestioninsectsantherknowledeyg,qpg""'poi打tleasureisuncountablenounandshowseneric.Athereitneedntaddu,pgp29
硕去学位论文'THEMASTERSSISarticle.ThearticleiscalleddevilinEnlishwedonothavearticleinChinesebeforeg,,normwemustu化articleinEnglish.Thevariationofarticleismultiple,includingsomecollegestudentsalsomakemistakes.Thispoint,teachersshouldintensifytrainingfrombeinnintoend.ggFromthethirdquestionitlooksatthecorreduseofnounandreosition.The,ppanswermainly抗cuson化e52%ofAand48%of0?Thetwohraseslooklikethesame.pStudentsareuzzledaboutwhichoneisthetruerammaticalrule.Whendozenoisusedpgf"""withnumbers,after加旅wneedaddupsandprepos出onof.Thispointisveryimportant.Studentsusuallygetitwrong.Comparedwiththirdquestiontheforth,uestioniseas化answer.PreositionhrasesusuallaearintheNationalqyppyppMatriculatio打English.Theaccuracyrateofthiso打eissatisfying.80%of化emcanunderstandmeaningofthereositionhrase!;〇choo化therihtansweraccordinwithpppgg'context.TheothersthinkACandD.Thedontarehendtheintentionofthesentence.,yppToalargeextent,theusageofprepositioninfluencethelinguisticperformanceinEnglish.Punctio打alwordshave汪largemunberand汪widely&licatio打?Stude打tsshouldtakepptime!;〇deliberate,theexpressingoffimctionalwordsis江meansofanalyticlanguage.Andfunctionalwordsoftencomeoutintheexamination.AftermanearsoflearninyygEnglish,learnersstillperplexaboutchoosingwhi沈article化use.SolearnersusuallyignorethemeaningandfUnctio打ofreositio打orarticle.pp'wa-Table3TheinformantsrammararenessofgsubjectverbinversionAhewilleither00No.5(B)目neitherwillhe27291%Cheneitherwill00Dsowillhe2819%N0.6CAWhatbadmaimersthe7826%()yareBHowbadmannersthey238%areCWhatbadmannersitis15652%DHowbadmannersitis4314%No.7DAwere8428%()Bwould0030
硕去学位论义MA'STERSTHKSISCwill00Dshould21672%No.8DAStraneasmihtitsound3010%()gg良Asitmightsoundstrange00CAsstrangeitmightsound00DStrangeasitmightsound27090%'-Inthetable3wecanrealizetheinformantsrammarawarenessofsubectverb,gjmhe-i打versio打.Frottestaerthesefouruestio打srerese打tsubectverbi打version.Inpp,qpjthedataofthefifthuestionfortunatel91%comrehendtheinvertedsentenceaboutq,yp""neither.Thisquestionfbcusesonexaminingtheechoingse打tence.Inorder化avoid""""reeati打aeara打ceweusualluseneitherorsotouidetheinversion.Becauofpgpp,ygse""theformersentenceisneativesentencet;helaterweshoulduseneithertoshowg,〇""化echoed化emeani打g.However,19/〇of化emusingsoatistouseguide化eemphaticsentence.Fromtheanswerto也esixteeeoIthquestionhresultmakleworried.t,ppmainlyinspects化einversionofexclamatorysentence.52%ofsUidentscanaccurately""realizemannersasameaninofolitenesssoredicateverbusethesinular.Howeverg,,ppg〇'34/〇ofl;hestudentsdo打trealizethemeaningsothattheywillchooseAandB.Because""""ofthekeitshouttt.Inttwordismannersldbeusedwhaobemorifiedhesevenhy,question,wecangetsomeinformationaboutsubjunctivemood,anditalsoisanunrealsentence.Theresultshowsthatmorethanhalfofthestudents72%mastertheruleof()unreacondtonse打tenceFromthisuesonsubordinatecauseoost;eotctslii.qti,lisppifhefa.Itshoul过usetheformofshould/wereto+do/pastte打se.IfwechangetheoptionAinto""〇Wereittorai打l:omorrow28/〇of化己studentsmakearihtanswer.Wecanseea,gconcessivesentencethatisdifficultypointintheNationalMatriculationEnglishfromthe""eihthuestion1ttrth.t.Tothe化8111;90%of也esudensarewoofraiseAsisusedog,yqp呂uidetheconcessivesentencelyingaheadof化esentenceThefbursentencesarerepresentativeexamples,English打otonlymakesuseofmorphologicchangeandfunctio打alwordstoreflectsynthetica打danalyticlanguageawarenessbutasosect-verbttluethesubinversionoembodheloicseuencin.From,jygqg化eisefour%ntenceseachsentencehasitsdiferenttraandinstsstudentsnelectful,ppecgknowledge.ThefalU村egrammaticalrulesfreque打tlyappeari打thepapers.Teachersusua-llymakethewronganswerasnegativeCachingexamles.Subectverbinversio打ispj31
射学位论文MA'STERSTHEWSusefulforstudentstoutilizeinthewritingandseakinart.Thatcanembodylanuaepgpggdiversityandrichn的s.Stud田Itsdonotexr閉stheirideasusinsimplesentcii说.Thepgyalsocanapplyforlargenumberoffimetionwords化influencethelanguagechange.Generallyspeakingstudentsarehard化makeacorrectchooseaboutstheticand,ynanalyticL孤gu&gcaware打朗sandhav6江effectonthsdevelopmentofgrammarawarenessin,usingEnlishg4.1.2Hypotaxisawareness'Table4TheinformantsrammarawarenessofconunctionaidreositiongjppN0.9DAafter00()Bwhile13545%Csince00Dwhen16555%No.10CAb9833%()yBin8227%Cfor12240%Don00Thistableshowedusramm扣awarene故ofconunctionandreosition.Thereisgjppnonewwordsamongthequestions.Andwecanalsounderstandthemeaningofsentence.Ifoudonotknowthemeaninoumustbemaketheincorrectotionustlikethetenth,ygypj""""question.Faced化theninthuestion化虹akesuswanderbetweenwhile孤dwhenq^easily.45%ofstudentsand55%ofstude打tsKspectivelychooisethetwootions.Prompthedata,wecananalysisthatstudentsarenotsurewhatkindofconditioncanuse""""""whileandwhen.Itaearsate.?t.Thatppcollocaionbdoingwheninhisitemissame""""""asatthattime,whenisacoordinatingconunction.Howev四wMehave泣j,contrastiveimplicationinthesentence.Fromthedataofthetenthuestion,theroblemsqpconcentrateontheABandC.Onl40%ofstudentscanchoo化thecorrectreos姐畑,ypp""fromthethreeoptions.According化themeaningofsentence,itshouldusefor化""expresstheobectiveofcominere.Somestudentss说化ecarandareverlikeltojgh,yy""""choo化byandin.ConunctionandreositionareovertcohesivewasEnlishjppy,gpresenttherelationbetweenwordsandsentencesthroughthiskindofovertcohesiveway.32
硕壬学位论文MA’#STERSTHESISThereforestudentssho山dreadandunderstand化ewholesentenceformthecontext.。is,easy化lettheointsoalmo巧unnoticed.pgiwTable5Theinformantsrammaraarenessof过ausegNo.llBAheisenterinhichlane00()gwBwhichlaneheisenterin27893%gCisheenteringhichlane2217%wDwhichlaneisheentering00No.l2AAas9933%()Bit00Cwhich20167%Dthis00No.13DAthehandsofwhom4615%()Bwhomthehandsof2910%Cwhichthehandsof00Dthehandsofwhich22575%No.14DAthat00()Bwhich00Cwhere10836%Dwhen19264%No.15DAunless%30%()Bevenif00Cincase00Daslongas21070%No.16(D)Awere%巧%Bhavebeen00Chasbeen4615%Dwas巧6FromtheTabe5wetherolemsfocusinonwoorhreelecantbttoons.There,gpgpti化'is地0山standingro村eminesixuestions.Thisartinsectsthestudentshow化usepqpp〇ml的andrincilesmakinthesentencesbalanced.Intheeleventhuestion17/ioftheppgq,""studentswhochoosesC,theydonotknowwhichisauidewordandmustlieintheg巧
硕壬学位论义'#MASTERSTHKSJSsentence-tWhttteiniialosition.afsmOTeobecclauseshouldbeindicaivemood.Fromhp,jtwelfthtofourtee打化,化atwantstopayattentionto化eusageofattrib山iveclause.Atributiveclauseisadificultoi打tamontheNationalMatriculatio打Enlishitypgg,manrammaticaruesordertoeetesentenceloicalinvolvesydefini化gllinkphg""reatonsht-trti.tisalwasmakinmistakesinheno打resictiveatribuiveclausesaslipIyg,""-化ecandwhicharealsohi呂hfreue打cwordsi打thears.Underthetwelfthlauseisqyppe,""apassivevoice,itusuallyusesastoregardassubjectguidingtheattrib山iveclause.67y〇ofthestudentsmast:erthiskindofgrammaticalrules.I打thethirteenthi1;emsithasa,""littlehardforstudentstomakethecorrectanswer.Thisitemstrytoinsectwhichreferp""0totheoldwatch.Hearteninl75/0ofthestudentsselloverthesente打cemeanin.ggy,pgThefourteenthi1;emisatypicalatributiveclausethatinspectstheusageofrelative""adverb.Stayisa打ouni打thisquestionandrelationalwordisactedastemporal""adverbli打thettbuiveclauseoitmustchose打thwhen.Thsudenhoiaarit.Seettswttgivi打g化eincorrectanswer化atisbecause化eydo打oanalsishecometenceof化eypsentence杠omthecontext.Ifstudentsareabletotranslatethese打tenceaccurately,theywiltio打isriht.Lookatthenumberfifteenthitisanadverbialclauselfindoutwhichog,p,""theabilityoftranslationisakeointforstudents.30%ofthestudentsthinksunlessisypsukedthatisbecausethiswordisnotaccordwithlanuaeenvironmentinthissentence.,gg〇4c化t-8/〇ofthestudentsisonfusingthe打umbersixtee打th.Subecverbareementhasitsjg化*ownprinciplewhenstudentsdoexercises,eyshouldbecarefUlofdiffeient""rammaticalrules.Suchasthesixteenthuestioneverboandirlisthesameasgq,yyg""everyboandeverirl.So化eredicateverbmustbesinular.yygpgLtsttttxia打Shune打goinouhaEnlishasatentionocomlesentencestructurespgpyp,formalstylestructures.Althought;hereislongorshortsentences,1;hepaternisformalization.ThemainreasonisthatEnlishhasmanatheredsentencesmethodsgyg.English过ependso打overtcohesionfromformtomeaning.Cohesivedevicesarecolorfulandalwasaearinancontext.Thestudentshavetomakesuretheaccuracofloicayppyyglrelations.Besides,Englishalsocanutilizecoordinatedprincipleandmorphologicchangeofthewordtoexpressrammaticalandloicalrelatio打s.Keei打thesentencebalancedggpgform也eform化meaning.Teachershasresponsibleforhelpingstude打tstofeelthe^beautofhotaxisawarenessa打dletthestudentsiealizetheawarenessofEnyypglishexpressioninordertoenhancelogicalrigor.34
硕壬学位论文MA'STERSTHESIS413Sentenceatternawareness..p'Table6TheinformantsrammarawarenessofvariantsgNo.17CAwore00()Bareworn7224%Cwear12943%Dwillbeworn9923%No.l8CAishe00()_'eBhasnth00C’i姐tit16254%Dh'asntit13846%Fromthistablewecanseerammarawarenessofvariants.Thenumber,gseventeenthexplainsthefeatureofthesubect,soitusesactiveform化exressassivejppform.Allthestude打tscanmakesure化erighttense.SoweonlycanchooiseCTheudenshou-muchldnoiceacivformnredictevrbstressassivesttstteofonpaeoexpfor.Spas,happen,occur,moveandsoon.Anothersubjectgivesussomeinformationaboutdisjunctivequestion.Andnotablytherearemorethanhalfofthestudentschoosingthecorrectone.Fortunatelliiestudentsknowthestructureofthedisunctiveuestion.Thisy,jqkindofstructureneed化bedecidedbsubjectandredicateofmainclause.Althouhypgsomeofstudentsusuallyrememberdiferentkindsofvariantstheseldomuttheir,ypheardintosentenceaternawareness,piramm了able7Theinformantsarsiwaren的5ofomi巧ionandextensiongNo.19DAarebeinbuilt5719%()gBwerebeing00Cwasbeingbuilt00Disbeingbuilt24381%No.20AA拋much26789%()目asmany3311%Csomuch00Dsomany00^mmTables7showstheinformantsgraarawarenessofomissionandextension.Sentencepaternawarene巧co打dudeomissionandmodifierextension.Fromthe35
/giN硕击学位论文|MA'STERSTHESISinformationofthetable,mostofthestudentspossessacertainabilityofanalytical""se打teoce.Inthe打umber19,whenmanyamodifies泣subject,predicateshouldbe泣singularform.Anotheritemi打spccts泣ki打dofcustomaryomission.Omissioncanmakelanguagepithy,compact,andstressthekeypoint.Fromthisquestion,itiseasy化"""understandmuchmo出fieduncountablenouns.Andthewholesentenceisbutitcosts"almostthreetimesasmuchasthatone.Thecorrectanswerisintuitivel化beseen.89%yn*ofthestudetsrealizethisoint.Howevertherincileofomissiondontdamaethep,ppgstructureorcauseambiuit.gyBasedontheaboveanalysis,sentenceshavediferentchanges,buttherearestillfivekindsofthebasicsentencestructures.Durinthenormalracticeteachersshouldgp,'nnensudente打ceatternawarene%thenislearninmo巧udntsareitistts报打.IElhstefypgg,accustomed化recitethewordsandrememberthephrases,butseldomfocusonthesentencepatterns.Accordingtosomebasicsentencepatternteachersivessome,gconclusionsandanalzin.Inorderthatcanhelstudentscomrehendthebasicygppstructuresandrulesofsentence.Inad出tionteachersalsoattachimportant化tical,ypsentencepatern.Forexample,wouldsooner(rather)…thanandsofar批…isconcerned,themoretheleamtheirexressionwillbecomeabundant.y,p--4.1oeec.4Partfsphawareness'-Tab-le8.TheinformantsrammarawarenessofartofseechgppNo.21(A)ANewmachinerywereintroducedin4515%thefactor.yBPoultryareveryexpensiveinthecity12341%CThepoliceareinvestigatingtiie124%murdercaseDThestatisticsrovethatlivin12040%pgstandardintheareahaveimprovedinrecentmties.No.22AAadvv14147%();Bad;Y159W%jCnV00;36
硕击学位论文MA'STERSTHESISDV;n0^No.23(D)A!:〇recognize155%Brecognizing00Creconize00gDrecognized285%%No.24BArun62%()Brunnin29498%gCbeingrun00D虹run00No.25CAot14448%()gBchanged10535%CwentM17%Dappeared00No26AAremains24682%()Bisremained00Cisremainin00gDhasbeenremained5418%'扔--omthetable8wecandiscovergrammarawarene班ofartofseech.化ouppymmicannothaveaoodcommandofraaraswell犯reci化usaeofeachwordouvcggpgyeestionorsenisexnumbern-learntitiso山of化ufou化uElhfl化l.Ithentwetone,qygyy,only15%ofthestudentscanfindouttheincorrectoptions.Amongtheothersstudents,theyconfUsehithedisturbedoptions.Themostproblemsistheydo打otmastertheinformationofthewordclassreci化l.Totheseniorhihschoolstudentsthepyg,-wooochoc化iHowesshnafmtwentt化ofyisteasyt.everltahlthemcanakethecorrect,""option,do旅thatmodifiedverbisafamiliarwordandusuallyusedinansituations,y""closehasmultifariouswordclass.Inthisitem,itwantstoinspectitsadverbandverb.Between23and24,theitemstry化testtheusageofverbandobectcomlement.Whjpy""therightanswerisg巧hisworkrecognized?Thatemphaskesaassiveformustlikepj""""getmyhaircutoretherfinerburnt.Anotheroneexaminessomethinbeininggggsomestate.Forexamleheleftmewaitinintherain.Thissentenceexressthep,gp""ersstentnseeofe++-piconditio.Soitho山dusethstructurleavobectverbin.Whenjgthestudentsmeetthiskindoftopictheustkeeclearheadandanalsis,ympy37
m\硕去学位论丈(^MA'STERSTHESIS-rt-ofseechmeanaiilicuseainindifferentcontextInwhtcondtonshouddothetopppgdoingdoneortobedoneteachersshouldhelstudentsconcludetheskills.Thelink,,p""verbsusuallycomeoutinanexaminationaers.Goas汪linkverbexresssomethinypppggetbadanditalsolink化thewordthatexpressingcolor.化isobviousforus化choosethecorrectotion.83%ofthestudentswhomakemistakesthatshouldfiletheprammaticalrulesnoteaboutthelinkwords.Thelastoneofthistablestudentsneedg,""'"'^rememberremaininasecialwa.Whenremainisusedasintransitiveverbitcantpy,beusedcontinuoustenseand泌sivevoiceeither■化isleasedthat82%ofthestudentspp""understandtusaeofremain.hegInEnglishawordcandoubleasdifere凸tofwordcl泌s.Whenwordclasstransformtheotheronewordformusualldonotchane.Wealsocanudethestacticfunction,ygjgynofthesentenceaccording化wordclass.Therefore,seniorstudentsshouldpayatention化thewordclassinorder化usewords化makesentences.Due化theinfluenceofnegativetransferofmothertongue>someteachersonlynoticethepronunciationandmeaningofthewords.Theinoretherammarinformationofwordclass.Teachersasayggconstantreminder,theyshouldbetimely化make泣ge打eralsummaryaboutlinkverb,transitiveverbandintransitiveverbforstudents.42uden'awarenessorammarmeannandunc村on.Sttsfifggn*Beforethedataaalysisaboutstudentsawarenessoframmarform,thestudentsgnotonlleamtheformoframmarbutalsoatach111〇巧imortant化themeaninofyg,pggrammar.Theultimateaimofseniorhighstudentsis化utilizetherammarroerlo打gppythecommunicativeaspectofthelanguage.Thecomprehensiveabilityofthestudentscannotstayinthewritin.Teacherstrtofo巧erthestudents化usetheEnlishwidel.gygyStudentsshouldrealizegrammarmeaningfromCO口ocation化thecommunicatio打.Thefbllowinganalsiswill化scussthisissue.y4.2.1Collocationawareness'Table9.TheinfonnantsrammarawarenessofusinreositioncollocationggppNo.27BAin12642%()Bto15%^_43%38
硕壬学位姥文’MASTERSTHEWSDafter00No.28(A)Abefamousas24381%Bbefamous248%forCbefamousof3311%Dbefamouslx)00No.29CAdivide62%()_Bsearate13244%pCart4515%pDabandon11739%*Theabovetableivesus注situationabout化estudentsrammarawarenessofusingggprepositioncollocation.Theaccuracyrateof化esethreeuestio打isnothih.Preositionqgpcanmatchwithnounadectiveandverbthatisverflexibleandalsocovered江wide,jyfieldinEnglish.Ifstudentspaymoreattention化readthese打tencefortwice,theywill""findoutanswer."1:o.Evenmorethan15%ofthestudentscanmakethecorrectoption.""Aboutfamousphrases,teachersusuallyemhasizethisrulesnomatterwheninclassorp'nafterclass.Dueto化achersreinforcedtrainig81%ofthestudentsdonotliveuto,p’-nteachersexpectation.Thenumbertwentyineisabit姐ficultythantheotheritems.Facing化thisquestion,eachoftheseoptionshasthesimilarmeaning.Studentsshouldianalyzethesentencesmeaningas泣wholetounderstandthesentenceitselfconnotation.Finall化thinkaboutthereositioncollocation.85%ofthestudentsdonotknowhowy,pp1:oexcludetheincorrectotions.InEnlishmancollocationsaredi报rentfromChinesepgy.ThewroncollocationwillbrinabouttheunrealmeaninorunderstandindificultiesggggOnesideinEnlishcollocationisdominatedbrammarform,ontheotherhand,gyg,colloc江tic打isrestrictedbysemanticconditionofthewords.Therefore,students打otonlyremembertheChineseexplanationsofeachwordsbutalsonoticetherammarmeanin,ggofeachwords.Tab'le!0?Theinformantsrammarawarenessofsemanticc〇n〇cationg〇No.30CAfast186/〇()|Binstantly10234%Creadily6622%Duickl11438%qy39
硕击学位论文’MASTERSTHESISForthisquestion,itneedlogicalanalysisandcomprehensiveabilityofstudentstochooseanappropriateadverb.Only22%ofthestudentspossesssmartudmentThejg""revioussentencementions打olo打ersomethingthatmeansbeinsimilar化thepg,gb'lankssemantic.SomeofstudentsareafectedbyChineisethinkingmodesintheirEnlishexressionwhichisalsoamaorroblemforrammarawareness.Doingp,jpggexercisenotonly化Ilow化egrammaticalrules,butalsopaymuchmoreattentiontosemanticcollocation化conform^logicexpression.'Tab-le11TheinformantsrammarawarenessofhihfreuencwordsggqyNo.31巧Amakeover00)Bmakeout27692%Cmakeupon00Dmakeup248%--Thistableshowsvisrammarawarenessofhihfreuencwords.HihfreuencggqygqyisafocaloinofatenioninioalMatriculaionliheacherllpttttheNatntEngs.Tsusuaysummarizeandmakesomeskillsforthiskindofwordsinordertohelpstudentstorememberthem.8%ofthestudentsstiUneed化reviewthenotesandunderstandthemaa-gin.Thiskindofhihfreuencwordsareusedwidelinanytextaers.Themaingqyyppreaso打ish过eave汪soncoocao打consciou打cssuchasoettthyhtrglltis.Sdhavivemake,,g,,taketheseordho山dbenoticedinanituation.wsss,yOnthewholestudentsshouldnotonlrememberarahraseofeachwordbutalso,ypp,noticeitsgrammaticalmeaningandcoUocationKlationship.Otherwisestudentswill,losemanypointsintheexamination义Languageisconventio打alizedroduct,itneedsp1;eadier化collectthiskindofminortermsCO打sciouslyAnd!:〇helthestudents,p,summarizeitsreularityfor化esakeofimrovinstudentsrammarawareness.g,pgg4.2.2UsageawarenessT'able12.TheinformantsrammarawarenessofusaeggNo.32BAstart155%()Bstarted285%%Chadstarted00Dwillstart0040
硕壬学位论文’MASTERSTHESISNo,33(A)An;adj24682%Bn;adv5418%Cadj;n00Dadvn00;No.34AAlike10234%)(Bthat93%Cwhat14448%Duntil4515%Abovethestructureofuestionsdonotconformtotherammarrules.ButitreallqgybelonstosomeEnlishexressions.EverLanuaehasitsownusaeaccordintoitsggpyggggownreason.Howeverthedonotcorresondwithrammarrulesthathavelearnedfrom,ypgtextbooks.Asforastudentsweshouldbeoodatdiscoverthisimortantoint.From,gpptheuestio打32,theclauseisusedpasttense化showthecurrentsituation.Forexample,q""Ihopeouwoulddome泣favour.Itis化esamecaseso化atmoodiseuhemisticandyppolite.5%ofthestudentsshouldamoreattentionthissecialusin.Someexressionspypgpdonotconform化therammaticalrulesbutitisusaeandincarnatesi打theuestio打34.g,gq""18%ofthestudentsaxenotsurethatfoolisadverboradectiv氏化alsohasmanjy"'*""similarexamles.Inthesentencespeakclear,clearisusedasaadverb.Inadditionp,languageisdevelopingandchanin.Wecanseethisointintheuestio打34.Amonggpqg"’"""""thesentence,Shecantwalklikesheused化,theusageoflikeissimilarlikeasor"asifandisaconunctiveinthesentence.66%ofthestudentsdonotknowthiskindofjiusin.Inthdrmindsthethinktis过iticorrcctrulesandevennot巧aso打泣bis.g,yTherefore,usageisaarticularreflexoflinuisticandalsoanarbitraryresentationpgpofnationalthinking.Sometimeswemustfollowtherammarusaeandinorethoseggggrammarrules.Becausediferentexpressionsofusagehavediferentrammarmeanin.ggWiththedevelopingandchangingofusage,ithasabigauthorityandevengonebeyondrammaticalresraint.Theeachershouldreuireheudenabidebhegttqtstts化ytgrammaticalrul妨andalsomastermore;出〇111汪11〇usage.Theusageiscultivatedgradually.42.3Communicativeawareness.'mTable13Theinformantsramarawarenessofcommunicationg41
硕去学位论文MA’#STE民STHESISNo.35DATakeourtime31%()yBYou'reright00CWhateverou00sayyDTakeiteasy29799%No.36(B)AWhosays00BHowcome21973%CWhatfor8127%DWhyworr00yNo.37CANotatall00()BItdeends15953%pCAllrightthen14147%'areDIdontc00No.38AAWithleasure24682%()pBGoahead00CYeslease00,pDTh'atsOKM18%_Theteachersputahighvalueonthecommunicativeaw扣eness.Fromthetable13,wecanseethattheinform孤权gr出丑m班awarene泌urgeus化fortherimprovement.Mostofthestudentscanunderstandthecontext化choc化theapproateanswer.Number35pri,""i""Takeyourtimeemphasizesspeakefsemotionandtake化easyparticularemphasisonthetime.Ifthetwoointcanmakesuretheanswerwilllieahead.Inthenextestionp,qu,""""""27%ofthttthktisthet,tfithesudensinwhaforb的answerwhaormeanswhyne'sentence.Wecanutthismeanintthtt.Itttthtinoeconexdonconfonnoesenencepg""itthemeaning.虹themmb押37allrihnmeansareement.Studentsshoulda,ggpyatention化theraaticfimction.Thatmeanslanuaehasitsownexssiveftmctionpgmggpreinthespecialsituation.Themoistimportantthingis化studytheuintessenceoforalqcommunication.Forexampleinthenumber38itwantstoexressaccetinan,,ppginvitationthereisonseneed化showtheareement.82%ofthestudentscanrealizethis,pgkindofstrongfeelin.gAmericanculturalanthropologktDellHymes1983believethatcommunicative(),abilityfallintofourcategories:1化can出stinuishandmakeuarammatical)gpgwe-llformedsentence2Itcanudewhichkindofformmabeaccetedinthemind3;)g;jyp)42
硕壬学位论文’MASTERSTHEWS化canselectansuitablelanguageforminonesituation;4Itcanknowtheaeared)ppfrequencyof注kindoflinguisticform.Thatisidiomorunusualform.Tosumup,化achersshoulduidethestudentshowt:ouseEnlish化communicative.Onthisway化ggleamEnlishitisfoilofmeaninfulinrammarteachinandlearnin.g,gggg43
硕去学位论文MA’STERSTHEWS5.Enligh化nmentstotheDevelopmentofEnglishGrammarAwarenessDevelopingEnglishgraimnarawarenessisacomplicatesprocess.Mostofthestudentsandteachersconsiderthatbothrammaticalknowledeandlanuaeskillsareggggortant.hrouh化eesearchthercomeuwi化汪balanideatoirove化eimTrauthocedmppg,prammarawarenessontheasectofEnlishteachinandstudentsgpgg5.1Enligh化nments化English恥achingAlthoughmostoftheteacherscanexplaingrammaticalknowledgeandlanguage'ointsclearlstude打tsrammarawarenessisnotimrovedobviousl?虹order化solvepy,gpythisroblemhowdo化achersdo化helpthestudents?p5.1.1GrammarrulesasEnglishteachingfocusStudentsstudyEnhshwellinorderthatfacing化theNationalMatriculationgEnglish?虹ourcountry,t;estsystemplaysanimportantrolethatwilldecidethefateofthestudents.ThetestofEnglishinChinausuallyemhasizestherammaticalknowledepggthanthelanguageskillswhichmakestheteacherslacet;oomuchtimeonrammarrales.pgButsofarthiskindofeducationalsituationcannotbechanged,teachersstillpay'mmaatention1:0theroleoframicalrulesorheeachersivnudenaamat.Fttisttsraticl,ggggralesdoesinfactoferatypeofexplanationfor泣linguisticphenomeno打,justliketurningo打thelightbulbs.Englishteachingfocusisgrammarrules,buttheteachersnoto打lyshouldteachthestudents化knowtherules,butalso1:0knowwhytheyexist.Knowingthereasonforarulealsoivesstudentsanunderstandinoftheloicthatgggn*speakerofanotherlanguageuse.Itmayotonlfacilitatestudentsinternalizationofylanguage,itmayalsocontribute化theirunderstandinofdiferencein化eEnlishworld.ggFromtheaspectofunderstanding,itwillhelpstudents1:odeepenimpressionthatisbetertodeveloptherammarawarenessg'5.1.2Raisingthestudentsramaticawarenesspg44
邱;去学位论义'MAST}:RSTMESIS'ma民aisingthestudentspragticawarenesshasanactiveefecto打thedevelopmentofcomprehe打siveabilitiesi打usingEnlish.Themoreraaticaware打esslearnersown,gpgmthebeterragmaticcomete打cethehave.Theromotio打oframaticawarenessisnotppyppg’monlhelfultobrushulearnersraaticknowledeof臣打lishbutalsooodfbrypppggg,gstudentstoraise1:heirpragmaticse打sitivityandavoidtheWTO打ggrammaticalfbrm.HuMexi打(2007)holdsthatwecannote打surethatlearnerswillputtheircompete打ceintolanguageusewithoutcultivatingtheirpragmaticawareness.Sheproposedraising,studentspragmaticawarenessi打thedevelopme打tofspeechacts化rEnglishmaors.jTherefore,1;eachersshould打otustbereso打sibleforinstructinstudentsin化esecificjpgpwaysofcomplementingordirectio打giving;butalsotheyshouldberespo打siblefbrmakingstude打tsmoreaware化atramaticfunctionsexistinlanuae.Teachersmapgggyremain化es1:ude打tsnotice化emindailcommunicatio打.Stude打tsalsoshouldbeye打couraedtoCO打siderabo山aroriate於cressio打was化comple化asentenceoragppppyspe色chi打anycase,th目打theymaawake打thdrownabiliti己sforramaticanalsis.ypgy5,1.3Keepinabalancedviewofformandfunctionganuaehastwoasectofreuiremenformandfuncionnodertomalggpqtst.Irstera^anaearnercannosteme打e-eI呂uageltuhasiz0side过化fbrmort:hefunction.Accordin,jpgtothedata,itca打bediscoveredthatmostsUidentsatachmoreatentiontorammaticalgrules化anlisteningandspeaking.Thatleads化化elessof化eircommunicativecomete打cewhichisknownasdumbE打lish.AsisknowntoallCultivatinandpg,g'trainingthestudentsabalancedviewisnotonlyrequiredbyimprovingtheirualitandqy'comprehensiveability,butalsoneededbytodaystalentmarketandpeoplescommun'ication.Therefoiestude打tsnot0打lshouldleamrammaticalrulesbutalso,ygleamhow化u化lanuae.Thecancommu打icatewitheachotheri打目nlishinsareggygptimeheahcationofforminrammareamincanhelude打u口derse.Tppgl呂psttstotandthmeaningoframmarinabeterwa.Itwillmakestudentsmoreactive化learnrammargygandcultivatetihegrammarawareness.I打化eE打glishCurriculumstandard化attheaimof*learninggrammaris!;〇alyitiniealcommu打ication.Sostude打tsshouldkeeapppbalancedviewoffbrmandf\i打ction.Theyshouldknowhowtoal化erammaticalppygrulesinrealcommunication.45
硕去学位论义'MASTERSTHESIS*5.1-4RaisingteachersrammarawarenessgAsanE打glishbacher,thesocietyisplacinghigherandhighertherequirementofteachinggrammarability.Teachersarecapableofputtingacrossasenseofhowrammargtttinteractswihhelexiconasacommunicativess1;emInordertomeetthereuiremenofy.qthesocietand也echaninsituationsteachersareabletoanalzetherammaticalygg,ygproblemsthatlearnersencounter.Theyshouldhavetheabilitandconfidencetoevaluateytheuseofgrammaresecialllearnersaainstcrheriaofaccuracaroateness,pyby,gy,pppriandexpressiveness.Teachersarealsoawareof化econtrastiverelationsbetweennativelanuaeandforein.Fothtlanuaereforeinlanuaeeacherthemselveshaveagggggggg,certai打degreeofroficienc.Theshouldunderstandandimlementtherocessesofpyyppsimlificationbwhichovertknowledeoframmarcanbestberesentedtolearnersatpyggpdifferentstagesoflearning.5.2EnlihtenmentstostudentsgBecauseofsped打c1;extbook,teachersandstudyenvironme打t,thatcannotbeWhd'chaned.o打twethinkofhowca打studentsdotoetabeterefecti打Enlishgygglearningrocess?p5^.2.1HavinaknowledeofllgsovinonesownrobemsinrammarggpgGrammarlearningisacomplicatedprocess.Studentsshouldhavearammaticalgknowledgetosolvetheirownproblemsin呂rammarleami打g.Asshowni打the过atathatsomestudentswho打nishthequestionnairedo打othaveagoodhabitexaminingthecomletedansweraccordinwithhavinlearnedrammaticalknowledesasenrpgggg.八iohighstude打ts,theyhaveleanedmanygrammaticalrules,thefmialkeypointis化apply也isgrammaticalknowledgein化epractice.Facedtotileproblems,s化de打tscanultimatethedictionariesorsomegrammarbook!:〇solvethesomemistakes.5.2.2.Usinthemostsubllingitaerammarearnstrateiesggg1Wecan打ndthatmostofstudentsareaccust:omed:0learninggrammarindeductivemethodthroughdataanalysis.Theywant!;〇leamEnglishgrammarfromsystematicrammarbooks.I打化erammarbookttsiresenalarenumberoframmaticalrgg,pggulesand'evensolvethestudentsroblemsThroutestudentsnowmmatip.ghhkracalruleswellg,46
m\硕击学位论文(^MA’HESTERSTSIS*manyoftheycannotapplythemaccurately.Sometimesinstudentsmindwillbeconfessionalstate.Facingtothisproblem,thestudentsareable化learngrammaticalrulesbalotoflisteningandseakin.Thusboththeircommunicativecometenceandypgpgrammaticalcompetencecanbeimproved.ThestudentswhoseEnglishlevelisnotoodgomen'ucce燃maylearnfrotherstudtssssfulperience,ortheycanseekadvicefromtheirteachers.Ontheside,becauseofsometeachersdonotteachEnglishinEnglish.Thereiseoo'nnrunsenandseaknnli抽ppti巧化化祉化dtslistenigpig.Onlyleariggrammaticalraleswellisnote打oughtoachievetherequirementoframmarawareness.AlthouhggEnlishlearnersinChinahave打otmanyoortunities化racticeEn化sh,thecanlearngpppgyEnglishinotherstrategies.Someofthestudentsevenhaveopportunit化oabroadfor过ygeriodoftimesotheshouldtrtheirbcist1:ofindoutthebeststrateies1:0learnEnlishp,yyggforthemselves47
硕去学位絶文'STHESSMASTERI6.Conclusion6.1MaorFindinsjgEnRtttr-WithNewlishCurriculumeformhrouhou化己wholecountaskbasedggy,巨nglishmethodhastakentheplaceofthetmditio打alteachi打gmethod.Afteraclearunderstandinoftheresentsituationoframmaraware打essthisaerinsistthatitisgpg,ppimortanttodevelopgrammaraware打essandgrammarawarenessevenneedsfurtherpresearchfbralo打gtime.Teacherswhopayatention化grammaraware打essisavalidway抗rimproving化esUide打tscomprehe打siveabilities.Thatis化say,grammardeservesanimportantcompo打entofacourseinlearningEnlish.gThrough化eresearch,化eau化orfmdsout化atsomeof也estudentsatachimportant化grammar.I打化etestpaper,studentsstill打eedt;ofurtherimproveEnglishgrammarawarenessFacedtothecolleeEntranceationsstemmosofthemthinkhat.gExaminytt,communicativecomete打ceisbasedo打rammarcomete打ce.Inracticethetaketoopgpp,ymuchtimetomas化rrammaticalknowledeandlanguagepointsundertheinflue打ceofggtheNationalMatriculationEnlish.Fromthedataof1:estaertheresultisworrinhegpp,ygt,authordiscoverssomeroblemfromEnlishrammarawarenessofstudents.Asfollows:pgg'1Grammarrulescannotmasteraccuratelsomestudentsoormethodofleaminb()y,p呂yrol:emakethemunabletodealwi化theroblemsintheirlearninrammarflex化l.2pggy()Somerammarlanguageointsexistalargenumberoflooholesmanrammaticalgpp,ygknowledgeointsarethefocusofcolleeentranceexami打ation打0materwhattimepg,'mustberememberedcorrectly.3Studentsdonthaveaoodbalancedviewofformand()gfimctio打thealicatio打offormi打rammarlearnincanhelstudentstou打dersta打dhe,ppggptmeaningoframmarinabetterwa.4FacintheuestionsStudentshavealowlevelgy()gq,ofanalyticalability,itisavoidabletomakemistakestogothroughtheanalysis;5ts-SUadenadhere!tt;〇onesidedview化imdersandcommunicaiveabilititincludes()y,*grammarabilityandawritenexpiessionoflanguageexceptlisteningandspeaking.Du'etothesituationofstude打tsrammaraware打essshould化acherschanethegir,gCachingmethods?Teachersusebothdeductiveandinductivemelhodstobachgrammar48
^{化学位论文'MASTERSTHESIS'SOas化raisestudentsgrammarawareness.Teacherstry化useinductivemethod化learnrammar.Theywillleamfromthesystematicgrammarmaterials,suchasreferenceg(,books,networkcourse).Theywillbuildupgrammarfromthebookslittlebylittleorrasrammarbyareatdealoflisteningandspeaking.Thatmaybehelstudentsgpggpreduceheressurefromexainatis.tmonp,Onthewholeforeinlanuaelearninshouldntnotrandoml巧icktothe,ggggysuerficialoalofetin泣oodscoreinexaminations.O打thecontrarithadbetterpggggy,仿cusmore0打cidtivatinthecommunicativecometenceofindividuallearnersandhelpgptibemexpressthemselvesfreelyinsocialnegotiation.Inthissenserammarshouldnot^g化betaughtasanisolatedpartofthelanguagebutasanintegralpartoflanguagelearningrocess化learners.Asisknown化all,theinstructionalaimoflearninlanuaepggg'is化develostudentscomrehensivecometenceofusinlanuae.Meanwhilepppggg,lanuaeknowledgeandrammaticalrulesaretwoindispensableasectsoframmaticalgggpg,cometence.Thereforeteachersaresuosed1;obe組in化eirmind化atlearnersp,pprammarawarenesscanonlybeimrovedbytheinterationteachinofformfunctiongpgg,andmeanin.g6.2LimitationsAlthoughintheresearch,almostalloftheKsearchquestionswereanswered,theyalsoexistedsomelimitationsanddeficienciesintheaer.Firstlytheauthorislackofpp,teachinexerience化eu的tionnairesareusthandedoutinoneschoolofHubeigp,qj*whrovince.Thisschoolcannotreresenttheentireseniorhihstudentslevelichmappg,y地ecttheveracityoftheresearchresult.Secondl,becausetheauthorisnotoodatygmanipulatingthesoftwareofSPSS,theanalysisofdatacanbeonlycopiedwithbymeansofercentae.Thirdlmanfactorsinfluences化化eEnlishrammarwarene巧.y,yapgggB*necausetheauthorsknowledgelevelandlimitedtime,thisstudyisstilldemandedi扣rthererfectandmakeitbemoreractical.Thewidthandde化oftheinvestiationpppgarclesss泣tisfactoiy?了he泣uthorhopesthatthis巧searchshouldbeabasisforthelatecomers.49
硕去学位论文'MASTERSTHES化Bibliorahgpy/[AnnB.When巧adGmmmarHaenstoGoodeole?C化eei:Press.2QQ3,pppp枠]目ialystok,巨?OntheRelationshipBetwe畑LKnowingandUsingForms[J].非如加Linuistics19823181g^(),Bolithoetal.Tenquestionsaboutlanguageawareness[J].EnglishLanguageTeachingTa/4925-JowAi412巧,(),BrownH.D.Teachingbyrinciles:^巧InteractiveAroachtoLanuae,PpppggPedagoM.Beiin:ForeinLanuaeTeachinandResearchPress2001gy[]jggggg,C’arter,Ronald.LanguageAwarenesstn少b化fgw王owgw口ge化幻c知巧g龙i?站化护cAm公osic应把A2003雌,巧)Carteronald.LanuaeAwareness友EnlishLanuaeTeachinJ,Forein,Rgggggg[]gLanuage化aching在ResearchinSasicEnlish2QQ2Zgg,(X)?C''arter,民.KeyConceptsinELT:Languageawareness[J.各//jA巧/ageTkydn只]gJourna57-16465.l(),ChomskN.AsectsotheTheoroSyntaxM,American:MITPress1965y,pfyf[],Cook,Vivian.SecondLanguageLearningandLanguageTeachingMForein[]gLanguageteaching衣民esearchPress,2000:59DonmallG.LanuageAwarenessJNCLEPaersandReortsNo.6,London:CELT,g[],(pp)1985Dou0?&VarelaE.Communicativefocusonform?虹C.Douht友J.Williamsghty,^gy(Eds.),Focusonforminclassroomsecondlanguageacquisition[Ai\.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPr的s1998,Ellis,R.TheStudyofSecondLanguageAcquisition[M]OxfordUniversityPress2008()EUis,R.Teachingandresearch:Optionsingrammarteaching[J].r勘饼gwar化吻巧98脚.Ellis,N.Consciousnessinsecondlanguageacquisition:Areviewoffieldstudiesandlaboratoryexperiments[J]LanguageAwareness1995.50
硕去学位论文MA*STERSTHESISEricW,Hawkins.ForeignLanguageStudyandLanguageAwareness[J]LanguageAwareness1999,EricHawkinns,ModemLanaeintheCurriculumM.ThePitmanPressGreatgug[],Britain1984EvnOoman-el.GrammaticalConsciousnessRaisinpo化王仍iwge扔y,g饥ji幻加左柳gResearchonBasicEducation."Fotos,S.ConsciousnessRaisingandNoticingThroughFocijsonForm:GrammarTask"PerformanceVersusFormalInstructionJ.AliedLinuistics1993[]ppg,JackC.RichardsJohnPlatandHeidiPlattLonmanDictionaroLanuaeTeachin,,gyfggg达^’M巧pi始王说gwisftcBeiin:ForeiLanaeTeachin&ResearchPress[]jggngugg2000KrashenS.SeekinARoleforGrammar:AReviewofSomeRecentStudies.JForei,g[]gnLanguageAnnals1999.Lijuan,Wang;Fen,Wang.TheImportanceofGrammarConsciousnessinEn■glishLeamingCHww幻友岛巧妃皮20124机()-MLaise拉Fieem孤。1故Lon.乂打I打tro沈4CtUm化secondlanuageacuis说cm,g,gqresearchMLondon:Lonan1991.[]gm-aLarsenFreemn,Diane.TeachingLanguageFromGrammartoGrammaring.F〇reiLanaeTeachinandResearch5MPre班.200.[]睐guggLeow,R,P.Attention,awareness,andforeignlanguagebehavior[J]LanguageLearning,1997Leech^G.English饼ammarforToday[M],England:TheMacmillanPressinConunctionwiththeEnlishAssociation1982jg,MunirShidb.GrammaticalAwarenessAmongPrimarySchoolEnglishLanguage机.lilGEMAOnneJournaoLanguageStudi.2009fesNunan,D.LanguageTeachingMethodology:AtextbookorteachersMPrenticeHall.f[]1991Nunan,D.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching[M].ZelinPress.2007Nunan,D.SecondLaguageTeachingandLearning[M]ForeignLanguageteaching&Re洗archPreiss2001iYCritilQulingan.caLanuaeAwarenessandEnglishLanaeTeachinJ,,ggggugg[]EducationalTheory,2QQl\\.{)51
硕壬学位论文TER’MASSTHEWSRichardWSchmidtTheRoleoConsciousnessinSecondLanguageLearninCThe,fg[]UniversityofHawaiiatManoa,1996(2巧RutherfordW.足M.SharwoodSmith.Consciousraisinanduniversalrammar.,ggl-AppiedLinguistics198563274282^,(),RutherfordWilliam.SecondLanuaeGrammar:LearninandTeachinMLondon:,gggg[JLongman。987).?Schmidr民.AwarenessandsecondlanuaeacuisitionJ巧wa/ifevzVw巧/z化/,ggq[]-Zf内gwz诚的1992(13:20622,,巧"Schmidt氏.Consciousnessandforeinlanuaelearnin:Atutorialontheroleof,gggg"?atention泌daw姐eness[A]?处伽/〇灼幻成:/ovva化。側/巧於re柳/a巧巧w拼化化加巧各’owii/eoTTWwTechnicalReortNo.9.Ed.Schmidt艮.Honolulu:Universitofg(p),y'HawaiiatManoa19,Schmidt,R.1990.7%e加ZawgwcgeZeamfwg[J]Applied-niuisiillhLntcs2011ScotT.^巧^Z〇/化rM.MacmaPublisersLimited.g口),[]2006''"Shar-SmscousneasnanecondanwoodithM.ConissRiidthSeLuaeLearnerJ,,ggg[]AppliedLinguistics1981.^StemH.H.FundamentalConcetsofLanuaeTeachin.xford:Oxford,pggg[M]OUniversityPress.1983:90UfP.GrammarPracticeActivitiesoreinLanuaeTeachinandResearchj[M]FggggPress.Ur.AcourseinLanguaeTeachinPracticeandtheoryM.Beiin:Forei,pgg[]jggnLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.2000Wi加owsonH.Zi乃护/献始yM,Oxford:OxfordUniversitPress.2000:48VanLierL.,[]y,LanguageAwareness[A],inR.CaterandD.Nimanedsi.).TheCambrideGuide化(gTeachingEnglish化SpeakersofOtherLaugages[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityress,2001PXiaoyang,Zhang.ACaseStudyofIntegratingLanguageAwarenessintoGrammarTeachingintheChineseEFLContextJ,JournaloLanuaeTeachinand[]fgggResearch2014Januai^(y)aoanane-XiZh.ThAwarenessRaisinroach:ANewPersectiveonGrammaryg,ggAppp?口c加CELEAJournalimonthl2004麟…巧y)52
硕壬学位冷文MA'STERSTHESISZhouchun,He;Yanzhi,Gong.LanguageAwarenessandSecondLanguageLearning:ACriticalReviewJ扮巧/础2011[]巧)Yule,George.ExplainingEnglishGrammar[M]ShanghaiforeignLanguagePress2002白秋梅.我国中学英语教学状况调查分析机河北师范大学学报2002-语教学下兰.ConscioiusnessRaising与我国英.外语界19963P],()樊养才.论语法教学与语法意识的培养扣教学改革2010(20)J朗建伟.意识提升与语法能为的发展[安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版)2007]胡艳.意识提升式语法教学法探索D南京师范大学2008[]胡壮麟..外语研究3对中国英语教育的若干思考饥,2002()弼亚琴.浅析初中英语教学中语法意识的渗透阴外语教学与研究2014(14)高远.增强语法意识,加强语法教学机外国语言文学研究2006(3)—何周春.W语巧意识与语法意识,粪彥知中国英语学习者的语言意识发张研究为视角阴现代外语(季刊)2013.语法的相对性与语法意识M.侯国金全国优秀英语学术论文集(下卷).成都科[]技大学出版化1996.,教育部.全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京;北京师范大学出版社,2001.李彬.中学英语语法教学中应该注意的问题机黑龙江教育2004刘巧.高校英语专业语法课程教学么目标解析阴教学研究200807()-连淑能.英汉对比研究[M]北京高等教育出版社1993.3436?罗欽志.论意识提升在英语语法教学中的作用饥上海对外经贸学院博奇博记文学选刊2011.08彭建武.语言意识与语法教学饥.山东科技大学学报:社会科学版19992()彭昆湘,语法在我国中小学英语中的地位演变及其启示饥,基础教育外语教学研究20072()一M曲线.五年高考兰年模掛英语.首都师范大学出版社.[],2014舒白梅.现代外语教育学[M]上海外语教育出版社,2009舒白梅.外语教学纲要M华中师范大学出版社2005[],腾京语法意识提升的必要化杭州师范学院学觀1999巧.)滕云.试论师范院校外语专业教学中的语法意识问题机浙江师大报纸2000年第,一期第25卷束定芳.外语教学改革上海外语教育出版社.200:问题与对策M3[]53
硕击学位论文MA'STERSTHESIS束定芳—,庄智象.现代外语教学理论、实践与方法M上海外语教育出版狂,[]1996一温厚?运用交际法教育法,培养学生运用语言的能力饥外语界1998(1)巧孟雄.英语难题解答400则M.北京:北京师范大学出版社1992.[],谢杏珍.高中英语语法学习于教学现状的调查D广西师范大学硕i学位论文[]叶小宝.中学英语教学中应该提升哪些语法意识阴课程教材教法200929()邹为诚.语言输入的机会和条件内外语界2000(1)赵丽丽.从构建主义角度上看二语习得中意识提升的作用扣四川外语学院学报2008(1).语法教学的再认识张正东.基础教育外语教学研究11200.,()54
硕去学位论文,#MASTE民STHESISAPPENDIX1.Thereareasmallmunberofeoleinvolvedass也ltwent.,ypppyfew^'A.asasB.aslittleas^C.asmanyD,asmucha私2'.ItsoodfeeliforeoleihihntoadmretheSanaWorldExpotibativestemggpp^glj)easure*.fA./aV;丘.a;/^C.the;D.a;3^.WhatcanIdoforou?*y—rdliketotakethesetomatoes.A.twodo之eaof扛B.two过ozea一^C.twodozens*D.twodozens4'.ItwUlbeabihelifouotothestoreandhadfodirni巧lwtwe打eerIlgpy,gg巧settfiebl.?taeA.版are如技l.o打化ewho私C.inthemeanwhile^D.asamatterofactvf’'5.IfJoesiftott^wewonothe)班g:fy^A.hewilleither*巧.neitherwillh批C-he幻eitherwilkD.sowillheV.withis!^6fortheboy化talkhmonthfiillatbad-Amaimerstheare.-WhyB^.Howbadmaimerstheyare*C.Whatbadmannersiti批D.Howb班1mannersit心55
硕壬学位论文’MA削RST邮別Sinttcallt.7.itraomorrowwewouldhaveoncel化efi)〇曲ama地,A.wer盼B..would*C.wilhD?沈ouldU8.,liiskbawasaccetedballtheeoleat曲emeetin.^pyppgA.StraneasmihtitsoundsggB.Asitmightsoundstrange^Ctramtsoi^A*.ssnge化ighmdD.Strangeitmightsounds9.Onedawewereackintoleaveforaweekendawamdauhterheard,pggyyycriesforhelp,vA.aftevB.whil於C.sine盼D.when^*'玉0..Thisisl:hevertoc班whichhecamehere也eo曲巧dayyyA.B.i心C.foivD.王1.Whenchaninlanesadrivershouldusehisturninsinal化1巧otheriversgg,ggdrknow?VA.heisenteringwhichIan盼巧-whi碰豆班巧heisenteringCI.isheenteringwhichan於s占ID.which1孤eheenterinig12.Alofoflanuaelearninhasbeendiscoveredishaeai打inthefir巧ears,gggppgyofiso)班entsstamuchorctdreaurint株iod.lfe:fhouldlkt化eilddhatgpA.賊B’.it*C.whichvD‘化i恥56
耻学位论文T'MASERSTHESIS13.Themanulledoutaol过watch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.pgAtheans^ofwom*.hdhBv.whom化ehandsofCwhichthansofv■hedD.thehandsofwhichv14.Shellneverforetherstathereshefoundh巧sonwhohadonemissingyggtwoe班s0.y巧A.th狐wh^Bich*.C.where^Dwh谢V.15.Youcanborrowmcarouromisenot化drive化〇fast.ypy^A*.unless巧*.eveaitCcase*,in*D.故long做*—-16.Diouo化化eshowastniht?*.dyglg-YeahnEveranreareae^.yboydili化invitd.gA.^B*.havebeenCasbee心.hD.was^7reua^-The浊0扮aofhi班lit过km.qy孤g'A*.woreB.arewom^Cweaiv-Dwibewo*.llrn18.ItisthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia?^,A.isB?.h拡贫{!!於C'.isnt也D’.hasnt沁57
硕壬学位论文’#MASTERSTHESIS'19.巧sreorted射mana岛ewouseatiesentn也esaserareai也hidit.pypAaxeben.igbui瓜B^*.werebeingCwa.sbeingbui瓜D.:isbeinbui也g20Jlikethisacketbeter化an也atonebutitcostalmo巧thr说times弁,jAamchv.su技*,.asmanyC.somuc心^so*Dman.y21ownsentencessNCORRECT??,■Whi沈f化e技lloigiIANewmachinwererocetcorv.eintdudinhefaty.B.Poultrareverexensiveintlieypyt^Cmurdercase*,TheoliceareinvestiatinhepggD.Thestatisticsprovethatlivingstandardin池eareahaveimprovedin巧centm-*t*ies.22?Tbe泣salesmanwasstandinsocosewasosse化?指出横线词语雖性?glitipiblclo说也edooi>A.adv;Bvv.诚;C.avv;D.V心;23.Alex孤dertried化ethisworkmtheme姐c站circles.^gA化reco.gnizeBreconzin*'.gigC.reco如之盼D^.recogaized*'2‘4Dontleavethewaterwhileoubrushourteeth?..yyAj.ru&Brunnns.igC.beingnm^D.torunv58
駐学位论文MA'STERSTHESIS25.Onhearintheoftheaccidentinthecoalminesheale.,gp賊谭A.goPB.ciianged^C.wentv^D.appeared*!&?Tbgakcecauhtfirethreetimesinthelastc谢tuiandlittleoftheoriinalypg,gjybuildinsow."gAremain於.巧-isremained^Cii*^.sremaningb^I>*.haseenremained27Stimeseransweraret进化扰ekfoodfetbl.omeronofsaroems.ppypA心.B:-tcvC.0扛D.afteiv■28.Dubaiwhi碰wouldrefer化alarouadfoi化erichhaslatelbecomea,ppyg,ycentoofinternationalintriue.扛gAbefamcms做.B^.befamousforC.befamouso杉.eamousDbf29.Inorder化raisemo打eAlicehadtowithsomeofhermo巧treas朋edy,possessions.A.divide^B*.separateC瓜.paDabandon^.30.PersonalconqmtersarenoId^ersometbingbeyon过theordinaryeople:化earepyl,availabe化esedas*.yA,.fast巧.instantl^yC.readily占:Ducl*.qiky59
m\硕去学位论文f^MA’STERSTHESIS'31?HetriedtolistencarefullbutstiUcouldnt础attheweretalkinaboutg.yyA.makeover^B.makeout^C*>.makeupon^Dmakeu*.p32'v.Itsitimethatwe?h班Astarts.巧.started^Chadstarted^D.willsta抓"""33.In組esent巧ice:Hewas妃olenou班todoso,foolisa游a化use.+A.n;马紙Bnadv^.;C.禮;岛一Dadv.;'34.Shetalk池e巧sed妃■一canwA.Uk盼B-th站VC.whatvD.imtil^'35.ImSon!madeamistak如y…^Nobodiserfect*?ypATakeourtim盼.y'RYouresrightC.Whateverousa^yyDTakeiteasv.y-^36—■TTtIr狂ottesame游wn*.heshireceivedishisshoonline.…?tt.^Bu!promiseouwelllookintoitriaway班yA.Whosays^巧Howcorner-.CWhatfor一.^D*.Whyworry60
硕壬学位论文'MASTERSTHESISouou'me37wont?-.Aresuretcoforadrinkwihus^yyj---ifounsist<i.,yA.Notat址一B?<deeads.巧p^CAllrihtthea*.gD'.Ido打tcar於38.Couldyo甘besokind化过o化化ewindow?"---.A.Withleas巧似pB.Goahead^CYesleas换.,p*D-Thats61