2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义 13页

专题4　数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢoneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记，13至19teen结尾。20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。 注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：sixhundredpeople　　　　hundredsofpeople(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these，those，them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加-s；dozensof中的of不可省。score用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。severaldozenpencilsdozensofstudentsthreedozenoftheseeggstwodozenofthemtwoscoreofeggsscoresofbooks3.基数词的位置常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。anothertwodaysallthetenbooksonemoreappletwosuchpenshislasttwodays/histwolastdays4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Threewillbeenough.(2)宾语Thecityhasapopulationofthreemillion.(3)表语Thepopulationofthiscityisnearlytwomillion.(4)同位语Theytwowenttothecinema.(5)定语Theriverisabouteightmileslong.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表ⅠⅡⅢfirstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventieth sixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth注意：21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21st→twenty-first；22nd→twenty-second；33rd→thirty-third；100th→onehundredth2.序数词的句法功能(1)定语thefirstdayoftheweekmyfirstvisittoBeijing(2)表语Youarethefirsttoleave.(3)主语Thesecondwasevenworse.(4)同位语Tom，thefirst，ishere.(5)宾语Doyoupreferthefirstorthesecond?注意：①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。Thisisthefirstone.ThisishersecondvisittoJapan.②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。You’dbettertryathirdtime.数词的应用1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数onethirdtwothirds/two-thirdstwo-fifthsofthestudentsthirtypercentofthewatersixpointfour 注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Seventypercentofherincomewasspentonclothes.2.倍数表达法(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BThebagistwiceasbigasthatone.(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋asmany/much＋名词＋as＋BIhavetwiceasmanybooksashe(does).(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BThisclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanours.(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋thesize(width/length/height/depth等)＋of＋BYourpieceofbreadisthreetimesthesizeofmine.注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“两倍”，用基数词＋times表示三或三倍以上。3.日期的表达(1)某年：in＋数字in2018(2)某月：in＋月份inMay(3)某年某月：in＋月＋年inMay2018(4)某年某月某日：on＋月＋日/on＋日＋月，＋年onMay1(st)/1(st)May,20184.时刻的表达twenty-onepast/aftereight或eighttwenty-onefourto/ofnine或eightfifty-sixhalfpasteight或eightthirtyaquarterto/often或nineforty-five5.年代的表达theearly1920s/1920’stheearlytwentiesthemid-eighties6.其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……” everythreedays/everyfourthdayeveryotherdayeveryfewdays(2)表示年龄inone’steensinone’stwentiesattheageof17Heistwentyyearsold.Heisamanoftwenty.Heisatwenty-year-oldman.(3)用于习语中oneatatime　　onebyone　　tenoutoften1.数词的拼写错误fourty(误)→forty(正)ninty(误)→ninety(正)nineth(误)→ninth(正)twentith(误)→twentieth(正)twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)threefifth(误)→threefifths(正)the2thofFebruary(误)→the2ndofFebruary(正)OneThousandOneNights(误)→OneThousandandOneNights(正)2.特殊表达中的错误everyotherdays(误)→everyotherday(正)inhistens(误)→inhisteens(正)severaldozensofthem(误)→severaldozenofthem(正)moretwodays(误)→twomoredays/anothertwodays(正)You’dbettertrythethirdtime.(误)→You’dbettertryathirdtime.(正)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Actually，thislatestchildren’sversion，belongingtoaprogramtitledXiaoXigu(literally，youngartists)，isinhonorofthethirtieth(thirty)anniversaryofthe 1987work，praisedasthemostclassic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)解析　“the＋序数词”表示特指“第几个”，故填thirtieth。2.Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetorideabikeonmyninth(nine)birthday.(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)解析　句意为：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。3.Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump，butwillget a secondchanceinthelongjump.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)解析　在序数词前用a，则表示“再次，还有”之意。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Iammorethanhappytoknowyougotfirstprizeinthespeechcontest.(2018·湖南张家界三模)解析　thefirstprize为固定用法，意为“第一名，一等奖”，而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the来表示顺序。所以句中的afirstprize中的a要改为the。2.Duringthedays，aseriesofEnglishactivitieswereorganized.(2018·云南师大附中模拟)解析　during后接时间段，此处表示六天，故用基数词。如果表达在第六天，则说onthesixthday。3.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmybirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　表达多少岁生日用序数词，因此eighteen应该改为eighteenth。4.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　句意为：我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。5.It’sabigcitywithapopulationofabout7.(2017·河南毕业班高考适应性练习)解析　million前有基数词7，须用单数。 6.Iwanttohaveapenfriend，hopefullyagirlinearlytwenties，andwithinterestssimilartomine.(2017·河南六市联考)解析　表示不确定的年龄，用inone’s＋逢十的基数词的复数形式。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thereis(be)onedeskandthreechairsintheroom.2.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’sthefourth(four)ofJuly.3.Therearebusestothestationeverytwentieth(twenty)minute.4.Shewasthefirstwomanto win(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.Inordertofindabetterjob，hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Twohundreddollarsnotlargeforus，andit’seasyforustogainintwodays.2.Everyyear，ofpeoplediefromillnesscausedbysmoking.3.IhavealreadygottwolettersfromSusanthisyear，andthisisthirdone.4.WearetoldthatProfessorChenlivesonthefloorofthisbuilding.5.Two-fifthsoftheondisplayarenewitems.Ⅲ.数词填空(数词专练)Thereare1.fourseasonsinayear：spring，summer，autumnandwinter.Ayearcanalsobedividedinto2.twelvemonths.Eachmonthisdividedinto3.threeperiods：thefirst，themiddleandthelastten-dayperiod.Mother’sDayfallsonthe4.secondSundayofMaywhileFather’sDayonthe5.thirdSundayofJuneeveryyear.The6.twelfthmonthoftheyearisDecember.Thereare7.fifty-twocompleteweeksplusanextraday，or8.twoinayearbecausethereare9.three hundred and sixty-fivedaysinacommonyearbut10.three hundred and sixty-sixdaysinaleapyear. Ⅰ.单句语法填空(一)1.Wecanrelaxourselves(we)whilereadingherblog.2.Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort，he’sreliable.3.Asuccessfullearnerisanindependentone，whohasbothadeterminedwillandamazingpatience.4.TheyareheadingforFloridafortheir(they)honeymoonandplantoframethetreasuredpictureassoonastheygetback.5.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant，butIdon’thaveenoughmoneywithme.6.Shedidnothesitateforlong；althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile，sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtopleasehim(he).7.Intheend，theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.8.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.9.Thisregionishometomanyspeciesofwildflowers.10.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomonthetopfloor.11.Atthebadnews，thewomanputherhandsoverhereyesandcriedout.12.Ifyoukeeponwriting，youwillhaveabrighterfuture，likelytobecomeaJ.K.Rowling.13.Ihateitwhensomeonemakesamessofmylearningmaterialsonmydesk.14.Awoman，sittingnexttotheboy，discoveredhewasonaschooltripandwastoldtomeethisteacheratthebusstop.15.Weusedtomistakethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlightones.(二)16.Theproblemshouldbehandledverycarefullytobalancetheneedsofpeoplewiththoseofnature.17.Hesaiditwasnotnicetoeatmeatwithone’sfingersbecausetheywerenotalwaysclean.18.Thedriverwasatalosswhenwordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding. 19.Heknewverywellthehareranahundredtimesfasterthanhehimself(him)did.20.JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhistwenties(twenty).21.Whetherit’syourbirthdayorafriendorfamilymember’s，decoratingyourhomecanbeasenjoyableasthepartyitself(it).22.Freshair，sunlightandenoughphysicalexerciseareneededforahealthybody.23.Soifyouhavenotpreparedenough，havingsomeindooramusementsisalsoagoodchoice，whichmaybemuchcheaperandeasiertocarryout.24.“Nevermind，”Isaid.“Atleastyou’llknowwhenyourtrain’slate，mine(I)willbe，too.”25.Myfatherisstoutandstrong,withaseverelookonhisfaceandkeenexpressiveeyes.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)(一)1.AnaccidenthappeningarainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.2.Ithinkitgoodhabitthatinoursparetimewereadmorebooksofgreatuse.3.Yesterday，oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost，whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom，butstillIcouldn’tfind.4.Toimprovemygrades，Ipaidmoreattentiontheteachers’talkinginclass.5.ThreeyearsagoIfailedanimportantexaminmylifeandbecameastudentinordinaryschool.6.Itispossiblethatsomeofmayhaveabrotherorsister.7.ClassestaughtinEnglishprovidestudentsabetterlanguageenvironment.8.Forthesakeofoursafetyandtheothers’safety，weshouldobeythetrafficrules.9.AsIwaswaitingmyordertocome，Inoticedanoldmaninawheelchairroll himselfovertoatable.10.I’vebeenverybusyrecently，forI’vebeenpreparingforcomingexam，whichisvitalformeandmyfuturelife.11.I’vealwaysbeendreamingofhavinganopportunitytotravelinEnglish-speakingcountriesliketopractiseandimprovemyEnglish.12.Uptonow，hehasbecomememberofourfamilyandeveryonehasenjoyedhiscompany.13.Afterclass，Ilearnedfromtheteacherthatmydeskmatewouldhavedroppedoutofschoolifshehadn’tbeenhelpedothers.14.IfIhavesuchapenfriend，Ithinkwecanshareourtravellingexperienceswitheachother，takingcareofpets，orwhateverwehavesomethingincommon.15.Therewasonceelderlywomaninanursinghome.(二)16.Inmiddleoftheterm，Ibecameoneofthebestplayersinmyschool.17.ItakegreatpridethisexperiencebecauseitnotonlyhelpsmerealizethatIcanachievemypotentialthroughhardwork，butmakesmeknowtheproverb“Practicemakesperfect”.18.LastSundayIsawworststorminyears.Itcamesuddenlyandwentonforoverthreehours.19.Wealllovethosethingssomuchthatwetravelofmilestobearoundpeoplewholovethethingsthatwelovethewaythatwelovethem.20.Iputalittleoil，saltandsugaronthesteakandmixedtogether.21.First，beawareofyouradvantagesandaccept.22.Alargenumberofstudentsattendedtothecontestandshowedtheirwonderfulperformances.23.Onthestage，thoughfacinggreatpressure，thespeakersbravelyovercameitand challengedtoachievegreatsuccess.24.Throughsuchactivity，weknowalotmoreaboutourstudents.25.Alsomovinguponthelistthisyearisspinach(菠菜)，whichjumpsfromthetothesecondmostpollutedproduct.Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·吉林长春四模)Nomatterwhereyouare，humansareconstantlymeasuringandcheckingtime.Someofusaregoodatit—planninganddoingthingsaheadoftime,1.        othersarealwaystryingtobeattheclockanddothingsattheeleventhhour.Tardiness(拖拉)canbeserious.Ifyou2.        (be)oneminutelateforwork，wouldyouresign?Itmaysoundextreme，butthatisexactly3.        occurredintheUKupperchamberofparliament，theHouseofLords，inJanuary2018.InternationaldevelopmentministerLordBatesarrivedoneminutelate，and，asaresult，wasunabletoanswera4.        (schedule)question.Insteadoftrying5.        (make)upforlosttime，asmanymightdo，heresignedon6.        spot.Heapologizedforhisdiscourtesy(无礼)andstatedthathewasashamed.Hisresignation，though,7.        (reject)bytheUKprimeminister.So，howlateistoolate？Manyculturestakepunctualityveryseriously.Incontrast，othersseemtoviewtardiness8.        justthenormalwayofthings.Whatisconsideredacceptableisbasedonculture.Thatis，ifyoudon’tmindwaiting，itmightbebesttoattendyour9.        (appoint)ingoodtime.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst，remembertheoldEnglishproverb，“10.        (well)latethannever.”1.答案　while解析　考查连词。该空的前后两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词while。2.答案　were解析　考查虚拟语气。本句是if 引导的条件状语从句，即非真实条件句。此处是对现在情况的虚拟，所以这里be动词为were。3.答案　what解析　考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用what。4.答案　scheduled解析　考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词，所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled(预定的)。5.答案　tomake解析　考查动词不定式。固定搭配trytodosth.(努力做某事)，所以这里填tomake。6.答案　the解析　考查定冠词。固定短语onthespot(在现场)。句意为：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the。7.答案　wasrejected解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语resignation和reject为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意为：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用wasrejected。8.答案　as解析　考查介词。固定搭配view...as...把……看作……。句意为：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as。9.答案　appointment(s)解析　考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意为：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。10.答案　Better解析　考查比较级。英语谚语“Betterlatethannever”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better。Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·广东深圳一调)Iwokeuplatelyyesterdaybecausemyalarmclockdidn’tring.Withnotimeforthebreakfast，Irushedoutofmyhouse.Ihadintendedtocatchthe7：30subway，andIdidn’tmakeit.Havelittletimeleft，Itakeataxiinstead.Iarrivedattheschoolonlyfind，withgreatsadnessmixedwithsomerelief，thattheschoolwhereshouldhavebeenfullofstudentswasempty.ItwasSaturday.However，ourillluckshowednosignofcomingatanend.WhenIreturnedhome，Ifoundmyselflockout.Ihadforgottentobringthekey.Justmyluck! 答案　Iwokeupyesterdaybecausemyalarmclockdidn’tring.Withnotimeforthebreakfast，Irushedoutofmyhouse.Ihadintendedtocatchthe7：30subway，Ididn’tmakeit.littletimeleft，Iataxiinstead.Iarrivedattheschoolonlyfind，withgreatsadnessmixedwithsomerelief，thattheschoolshouldhavebeenfullofstudentswasempty.ItwasSaturday.However，illluckshowednosignofcominganend.WhenIreturnedhome，Ifoundmyselfout.Ihadforgottentobringthekey.Justmyluck!