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专题4 数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢoneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记,13至19teen结尾。20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。如:sixhundredpeople hundredsofpeople(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;dozensof中的of不可省。score用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。severaldozenpencilsdozensofstudentsthreedozenoftheseeggstwodozenofthemtwoscoreofeggsscoresofbooks3.基数词的位置常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。anothertwodaysallthetenbooksonemoreappletwosuchpenshislasttwodays/histwolastdays4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Threewillbeenough.(2)宾语Thecityhasapopulationofthreemillion.(3)表语Thepopulationofthiscityisnearlytwomillion.(4)同位语Theytwowenttothecinema.(5)定语Theriverisabouteightmileslong.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表ⅠⅡⅢfirstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventieth
sixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth注意:21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如:21st→twenty-first;22nd→twenty-second;33rd→thirty-third;100th→onehundredth2.序数词的句法功能(1)定语thefirstdayoftheweekmyfirstvisittoBeijing(2)表语Youarethefirsttoleave.(3)主语Thesecondwasevenworse.(4)同位语Tom,thefirst,ishere.(5)宾语Doyoupreferthefirstorthesecond?注意:①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。Thisisthefirstone.ThisishersecondvisittoJapan.②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a,此时不强调顺序。“a+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You’dbettertryathirdtime.数词的应用1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数onethirdtwothirds/two-thirdstwo-fifthsofthestudentsthirtypercentofthewatersixpointfour
注意:表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时,须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若充当主语,谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如:Seventypercentofherincomewasspentonclothes.2.倍数表达法(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+BThebagistwiceasbigasthatone.(2)A+谓语+倍数+asmany/much+名词+as+BIhavetwiceasmanybooksashe(does).(3)A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+BThisclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanours.(4)A+谓语+倍数+thesize(width/length/height/depth等)+of+BYourpieceofbreadisthreetimesthesizeofmine.注意:表达倍数时,常用half表示“一半”,用double或twice表示“两倍”,用基数词+times表示三或三倍以上。3.日期的表达(1)某年:in+数字in2018(2)某月:in+月份inMay(3)某年某月:in+月+年inMay2018(4)某年某月某日:on+月+日/on+日+月,+年onMay1(st)/1(st)May,20184.时刻的表达twenty-onepast/aftereight或eighttwenty-onefourto/ofnine或eightfifty-sixhalfpasteight或eightthirtyaquarterto/often或nineforty-five5.年代的表达theearly1920s/1920’stheearlytwentiesthemid-eighties6.其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”
everythreedays/everyfourthdayeveryotherdayeveryfewdays(2)表示年龄inone’steensinone’stwentiesattheageof17Heistwentyyearsold.Heisamanoftwenty.Heisatwenty-year-oldman.(3)用于习语中oneatatime onebyone tenoutoften1.数词的拼写错误fourty(误)→forty(正)ninty(误)→ninety(正)nineth(误)→ninth(正)twentith(误)→twentieth(正)twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)threefifth(误)→threefifths(正)the2thofFebruary(误)→the2ndofFebruary(正)OneThousandOneNights(误)→OneThousandandOneNights(正)2.特殊表达中的错误everyotherdays(误)→everyotherday(正)inhistens(误)→inhisteens(正)severaldozensofthem(误)→severaldozenofthem(正)moretwodays(误)→twomoredays/anothertwodays(正)You’dbettertrythethirdtime.(误)→You’dbettertryathirdtime.(正)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Actually,thislatestchildren’sversion,belongingtoaprogramtitledXiaoXigu(literally,youngartists),isinhonorofthethirtieth(thirty)anniversaryofthe
1987work,praisedasthemostclassic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)解析 “the+序数词”表示特指“第几个”,故填thirtieth。2.Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetorideabikeonmyninth(nine)birthday.(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)解析 句意为:我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。3.Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump,butwillget a secondchanceinthelongjump.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)解析 在序数词前用a,则表示“再次,还有”之意。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Iammorethanhappytoknowyougotfirstprizeinthespeechcontest.(2018·湖南张家界三模)解析 thefirstprize为固定用法,意为“第一名,一等奖”,而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the来表示顺序。所以句中的afirstprize中的a要改为the。2.Duringthedays,aseriesofEnglishactivitieswereorganized.(2018·云南师大附中模拟)解析 during后接时间段,此处表示六天,故用基数词。如果表达在第六天,则说onthesixthday。3.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmybirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析 表达多少岁生日用序数词,因此eighteen应该改为eighteenth。4.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析 句意为:我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天,序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。5.It’sabigcitywithapopulationofabout7.(2017·河南毕业班高考适应性练习)解析 million前有基数词7,须用单数。
6.Iwanttohaveapenfriend,hopefullyagirlinearlytwenties,andwithinterestssimilartomine.(2017·河南六市联考)解析 表示不确定的年龄,用inone’s+逢十的基数词的复数形式。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thereis(be)onedeskandthreechairsintheroom.2.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’sthefourth(four)ofJuly.3.Therearebusestothestationeverytwentieth(twenty)minute.4.Shewasthefirstwomanto win(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Twohundreddollarsnotlargeforus,andit’seasyforustogainintwodays.2.Everyyear,ofpeoplediefromillnesscausedbysmoking.3.IhavealreadygottwolettersfromSusanthisyear,andthisisthirdone.4.WearetoldthatProfessorChenlivesonthefloorofthisbuilding.5.Two-fifthsoftheondisplayarenewitems.Ⅲ.数词填空(数词专练)Thereare1.fourseasonsinayear:spring,summer,autumnandwinter.Ayearcanalsobedividedinto2.twelvemonths.Eachmonthisdividedinto3.threeperiods:thefirst,themiddleandthelastten-dayperiod.Mother’sDayfallsonthe4.secondSundayofMaywhileFather’sDayonthe5.thirdSundayofJuneeveryyear.The6.twelfthmonthoftheyearisDecember.Thereare7.fifty-twocompleteweeksplusanextraday,or8.twoinayearbecausethereare9.three hundred and sixty-fivedaysinacommonyearbut10.three hundred and sixty-sixdaysinaleapyear.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(一)1.Wecanrelaxourselves(we)whilereadingherblog.2.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he’sreliable.3.Asuccessfullearnerisanindependentone,whohasbothadeterminedwillandamazingpatience.4.TheyareheadingforFloridafortheir(they)honeymoonandplantoframethetreasuredpictureassoonastheygetback.5.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneywithme.6.Shedidnothesitateforlong;althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtopleasehim(he).7.Intheend,theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.8.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.9.Thisregionishometomanyspeciesofwildflowers.10.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomonthetopfloor.11.Atthebadnews,thewomanputherhandsoverhereyesandcriedout.12.Ifyoukeeponwriting,youwillhaveabrighterfuture,likelytobecomeaJ.K.Rowling.13.Ihateitwhensomeonemakesamessofmylearningmaterialsonmydesk.14.Awoman,sittingnexttotheboy,discoveredhewasonaschooltripandwastoldtomeethisteacheratthebusstop.15.Weusedtomistakethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlightones.(二)16.Theproblemshouldbehandledverycarefullytobalancetheneedsofpeoplewiththoseofnature.17.Hesaiditwasnotnicetoeatmeatwithone’sfingersbecausetheywerenotalwaysclean.18.Thedriverwasatalosswhenwordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.
19.Heknewverywellthehareranahundredtimesfasterthanhehimself(him)did.20.JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhistwenties(twenty).21.Whetherit’syourbirthdayorafriendorfamilymember’s,decoratingyourhomecanbeasenjoyableasthepartyitself(it).22.Freshair,sunlightandenoughphysicalexerciseareneededforahealthybody.23.Soifyouhavenotpreparedenough,havingsomeindooramusementsisalsoagoodchoice,whichmaybemuchcheaperandeasiertocarryout.24.“Nevermind,”Isaid.“Atleastyou’llknowwhenyourtrain’slate,mine(I)willbe,too.”25.Myfatherisstoutandstrong,withaseverelookonhisfaceandkeenexpressiveeyes.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)(一)1.AnaccidenthappeningarainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.2.Ithinkitgoodhabitthatinoursparetimewereadmorebooksofgreatuse.3.Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost,whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom,butstillIcouldn’tfind.4.Toimprovemygrades,Ipaidmoreattentiontheteachers’talkinginclass.5.ThreeyearsagoIfailedanimportantexaminmylifeandbecameastudentinordinaryschool.6.Itispossiblethatsomeofmayhaveabrotherorsister.7.ClassestaughtinEnglishprovidestudentsabetterlanguageenvironment.8.Forthesakeofoursafetyandtheothers’safety,weshouldobeythetrafficrules.9.AsIwaswaitingmyordertocome,Inoticedanoldmaninawheelchairroll
himselfovertoatable.10.I’vebeenverybusyrecently,forI’vebeenpreparingforcomingexam,whichisvitalformeandmyfuturelife.11.I’vealwaysbeendreamingofhavinganopportunitytotravelinEnglish-speakingcountriesliketopractiseandimprovemyEnglish.12.Uptonow,hehasbecomememberofourfamilyandeveryonehasenjoyedhiscompany.13.Afterclass,Ilearnedfromtheteacherthatmydeskmatewouldhavedroppedoutofschoolifshehadn’tbeenhelpedothers.14.IfIhavesuchapenfriend,Ithinkwecanshareourtravellingexperienceswitheachother,takingcareofpets,orwhateverwehavesomethingincommon.15.Therewasonceelderlywomaninanursinghome.(二)16.Inmiddleoftheterm,Ibecameoneofthebestplayersinmyschool.17.ItakegreatpridethisexperiencebecauseitnotonlyhelpsmerealizethatIcanachievemypotentialthroughhardwork,butmakesmeknowtheproverb“Practicemakesperfect”.18.LastSundayIsawworststorminyears.Itcamesuddenlyandwentonforoverthreehours.19.Wealllovethosethingssomuchthatwetravelofmilestobearoundpeoplewholovethethingsthatwelovethewaythatwelovethem.20.Iputalittleoil,saltandsugaronthesteakandmixedtogether.21.First,beawareofyouradvantagesandaccept.22.Alargenumberofstudentsattendedtothecontestandshowedtheirwonderfulperformances.23.Onthestage,thoughfacinggreatpressure,thespeakersbravelyovercameitand
challengedtoachievegreatsuccess.24.Throughsuchactivity,weknowalotmoreaboutourstudents.25.Alsomovinguponthelistthisyearisspinach(菠菜),whichjumpsfromthetothesecondmostpollutedproduct.Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·吉林长春四模)Nomatterwhereyouare,humansareconstantlymeasuringandcheckingtime.Someofusaregoodatit—planninganddoingthingsaheadoftime,1. othersarealwaystryingtobeattheclockanddothingsattheeleventhhour.Tardiness(拖拉)canbeserious.Ifyou2. (be)oneminutelateforwork,wouldyouresign?Itmaysoundextreme,butthatisexactly3. occurredintheUKupperchamberofparliament,theHouseofLords,inJanuary2018.InternationaldevelopmentministerLordBatesarrivedoneminutelate,and,asaresult,wasunabletoanswera4. (schedule)question.Insteadoftrying5. (make)upforlosttime,asmanymightdo,heresignedon6. spot.Heapologizedforhisdiscourtesy(无礼)andstatedthathewasashamed.Hisresignation,though,7. (reject)bytheUKprimeminister.So,howlateistoolate?Manyculturestakepunctualityveryseriously.Incontrast,othersseemtoviewtardiness8. justthenormalwayofthings.Whatisconsideredacceptableisbasedonculture.Thatis,ifyoudon’tmindwaiting,itmightbebesttoattendyour9. (appoint)ingoodtime.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb,“10. (well)latethannever.”1.答案 while解析 考查连词。该空的前后两句话之间是对比关系,所以这里应该填连词while。2.答案 were解析 考查虚拟语气。本句是if
引导的条件状语从句,即非真实条件句。此处是对现在情况的虚拟,所以这里be动词为were。3.答案 what解析 考查连接代词。本句是表语从句,从句中缺少主语,这里的主语指代的是事情,所以用what。4.答案 scheduled解析 考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词,所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled(预定的)。5.答案 tomake解析 考查动词不定式。固定搭配trytodosth.(努力做某事),所以这里填tomake。6.答案 the解析 考查定冠词。固定短语onthespot(在现场)。句意为:他并没有像许多人那样,试图弥补失去的时间,而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the。7.答案 wasrejected解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本段时态和句意可知,主语resignation和reject为动宾关系,故用过去时的被动形式。句意为:尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用wasrejected。8.答案 as解析 考查介词。固定搭配view...as...把……看作……。句意为:相比之下,其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as。9.答案 appointment(s)解析 考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意为:如果你不介意等的话,最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。10.答案 Better解析 考查比较级。英语谚语“Betterlatethannever”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better。Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·广东深圳一调)Iwokeuplatelyyesterdaybecausemyalarmclockdidn’tring.Withnotimeforthebreakfast,Irushedoutofmyhouse.Ihadintendedtocatchthe7:30subway,andIdidn’tmakeit.Havelittletimeleft,Itakeataxiinstead.Iarrivedattheschoolonlyfind,withgreatsadnessmixedwithsomerelief,thattheschoolwhereshouldhavebeenfullofstudentswasempty.ItwasSaturday.However,ourillluckshowednosignofcomingatanend.WhenIreturnedhome,Ifoundmyselflockout.Ihadforgottentobringthekey.Justmyluck!
答案 Iwokeupyesterdaybecausemyalarmclockdidn’tring.Withnotimeforthebreakfast,Irushedoutofmyhouse.Ihadintendedtocatchthe7:30subway,Ididn’tmakeit.littletimeleft,Iataxiinstead.Iarrivedattheschoolonlyfind,withgreatsadnessmixedwithsomerelief,thattheschoolshouldhavebeenfullofstudentswasempty.ItwasSaturday.However,illluckshowednosignofcominganend.WhenIreturnedhome,Ifoundmyselfout.Ihadforgottentobringthekey.Justmyluck!