2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题2冠词讲义 8页

专题2　冠词框架结构图不定冠词的核心考点1.表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。I’llreturninadayortwo.2.表示“同一”，相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.3.表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个或某一类。Hewantstobeadoctor.Adogisafaithfulanimal.4.用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。YesterdayIboughtanovel.Itcostme30yuan.5.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前，表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.6.用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“acertain”。AMrLiisaskingtoseeyou.7.与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/……”。Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.Hegaveusabigsurprise.8.用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”。Hewantedtotryasecondtime.9.表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面可用不定冠词。Wehaveawarmwinterthisyear. ThiseveningIhadabigsupper.10.用在某些固定词组中。haveaswim　　　　allofasuddenonceinawhileasaresult(of)inahurryasawholeatatime定冠词的核心考点1.用于上文提到过的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.2.用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow，please.3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：thesun。4.用于表示方位的名词之前，如：intheeast。5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，如：thefirst，themostinteresting。6.用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中，表示“越……越……”。Themore，thebetter.7.用于表示两者相比“较……的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。Ofthetwostudents，Maryisthecleverer.8.用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人，如：theold，thepoor，thedead。9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)之前，如：theGreatWall，theUnitedStates等。10.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词之前，如：theWestLake。11.用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，如：theWhites。12.用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：playthepiano，playtheviolin。13.用于表示度量单位的名词前，如：bytheday。14.用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：inthe1970s。15.用于某些固定词组中，如：allthetime，attheageof，intheend，bytheway，intheformof等。零冠词的情况1.不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China，America。2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如：inMarch，on Sunday，havesupper。4.称呼语前不加冠词。WhatshallIdonext，Mother?5.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。6.学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。7.复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，其前不加冠词。8.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。9.连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词。Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter.10.as引导让步状语从句时须倒装，though可以倒装也可以不倒装，其表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。Childasheis，heknowsalot.11.某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husbandandwife，arminarm。注意下列词组的区别：由于受到汉语的干扰，冠词错用或遗漏是我们中国学生在写作中常见的错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种：1.对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误(误)TheChristmaseveningpartywassuccess.(正)TheChristmaseveningpartywasa success.2.冠词在一些固定结构中的误用 3.冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点(误)InmanyplacesofChina，abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.(正)InmanyplacesofChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.考向1　表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthe past25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2018·全国Ⅱ)解析　句意为：玉米产量在过去的25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里，故填the。2.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全国Ⅱ)解析　此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。3.Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasamodelinNewYork.(2017·全国Ⅲ)解析　句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。4.ForPahlsson，itsreturnwasawonder.(2017·浙江)解析　awonder一个奇迹。5.Heownedafarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015·广东)解析　句意为：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a是不定冠词，泛指“一个……”，修饰可数名词单数。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.(2018·全国Ⅰ)解析　句意为：去年寒假期间，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。gotothecountryside去乡下，是固定搭配。2.Askid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons.(2018·全国Ⅱ)解析　这里表示“作为一个孩子”，是泛指而非特指。故把the改为a。 3.Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemabouthourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2017·全国Ⅱ)解析　hour是以元音音素开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an。表示“一个小时”可以用anhour也可以用onehour。4.Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.(2016·全国Ⅱ)解析　此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。5.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.(2016·四川)解析　此处特指“我们”家的厨房。6.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanandthemountainsaregreen.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析　inthecountryside在乡村，特指“我”的家所处的乡下。7.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)解析　此处为复数名词泛指一类事物，不加冠词。故删除the。考向2　固定结构中的冠词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Unexpectedly，I’mfacetofacewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingatthe topofherlungs.(2018·全国Ⅲ)解析　固定短语atthetopofone’slungs，意为“用尽量大的声音，放声大叫”。2.Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　asaresult结果，是固定搭配。3.Onmyrecentvisit，Iheldalivelythreemontholdtwin...Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed，theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ)解析　由上文中的关键词twin，one可知这里考查one...theother...(一个……另一个……)的用法。故答案为the。4.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile，exercising，or doingsomethingyouenjoy.(2016·全国Ⅱ)解析　让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达forawhile一会儿。5.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ)解析　空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.(2016·全国Ⅲ)解析　atfirst起初，首先，为固定短语。2.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday，we’dgreethimatthedoor.(2016·浙江)解析　attheendof在……结束时，为固定搭配。3.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.(2015·浙江)解析　inahurry匆匆忙忙，为固定短语。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thereisaconstantbeatinrapsongs.Thebeataccountsforthepopularityofrapmusicinclubs.2.Lastweekend，IwastravellinghomefromBangalore.Therewasadistinctlackofbuses，soIthoughtIwouldescapethecrowdandgoforrefreshment.Idecidedtogotoahotelnearthebusstand.3.TheInternationalRedCross/RedCrescentexiststohelpthevictimsofconflictsanddisastersregardlessoftheirnationality.Thesymboloftheorganizationwasoriginallyjusttheredcross.4.Therearelotsofexperiencesinourlives.Themostunforgettableoneformeisthespeechcompetitionwhichwasheldlastyear.5.Wehaveopenedupaclothingshopcalled“GiftsofGrace”andadvertisedfreeclothingforanyonewhohastheneed.6.GuinnessWorldRecordseditorGraigGlendaysays，“Thisisanextraordinaryworldrecordattemptthatshowsbothspiritualdedicationandtruepassion.”7.Onedayinparticular，afinelydressedgentlemanstoodoutsidetherichman’s doorandsaid，“You’vegivenmeasecondchanceatlife.Withyourgenerousgift，Iwasabletoinvestthemoneyandpullmyselfoutofpoverty.”8.Youshouldalsobepreparedtomakechangesinthedietandgetaccustomedtothelocalfoodsandthelimitedselectionoffamiliarfoodsinthestoresandrestaurants.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Finally，therewasasuddenpullatthepoleandfishwascaught.2.Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadsameanswersinthetest.3.I’lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.4.Mymotherisverykindandisfriendlytoeverybody.SowhenIhaveproblemIwillturntoherforhelp.5.IstillrememberwhenIwaschild，youalwaysheldmeinyourarmsandtoldmestoriestillIfellasleep.6.InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.7.Itissuchwonderfulfilmthatweallenjoyit.8.Therefore，ItoldtheminterestingstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.Asaresult，nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.9.Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithproblem，Ithink，weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.10.When，however，onMonday，January16，asciencefictionfilmaboutvisitorsfromouterspacewasshownontelevision，therewasimmediateincreaseinreportsofsightingsfromallpartsoftheStates.Ⅲ.语法填空(冠词专练)IcametostudyintheUnitedStates1.ayearago.YetIdidnotknow2.therealAmericansocietyuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentbecauseafter3.theaccidentIhadtoseeadoctorandgotocourt. Aftertheaccident，myroommatecalled4.adoctorforme.Iwasverythankfulanddecidedtorepayhimoneday.But5.thenextday，heaskedmetopayhim200forwhathehaddone.Iwasastonished.Hehadgoodreasonstochargeme，hesaid.AndifIwantedtocollectmoneyfrom6.thepersonwhowasresponsibleformyinjury，I’dhavetohave7.agoodlawyer.Nowthathehadhelpedmetofindagooddoctor，itwasonlyfairthatIshouldpayhim.ButeverytimeIwenttosee8.thedoctor，Ihadtowaitabout50minutes.Hewouldseethreeorfourpatientsat9.thesametime，andoftenstoptreatingonesoastoseeanother.Yethechargedme115eachtime.10.Thefinalexaminationreportonlycontainedtenlines，butitcostme215.