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写好复合句之进阶在英语中,包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如果一个句子包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中有一个或更多的主谓结构充当句子的某一个成分,这个句子就叫复合句。复合句分为名词性从句、定语从句(形容词性从句)和状语从句(副词性从句)。其中,名词性从句又分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。一、名词性从句比较下列两组句子:1)Yourexplanation(主语)sounds(连系动词)reasonable(表语).(只有一个主谓结构,简单句)Whatyousaidjustnow(主语从句)sounds(连系动词)reasonable(表语).(主语包含一个主谓结构,复合句)2)I(主语)believe(谓语)yourhonesty(宾语).(只有一个主谓结构,简单句)I(主语)believe(谓语)thatyouarehonest(宾语从句).(宾语包含一个主谓结构,复合句)主语从句Whatyousaidjustnow中的What,宾语从句thatyouarehonest中的that都是引导从句的关联词。从句的结构一般说来和简单句的一样,只不过从句前多了一个关联词。了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键,引导名词性从句的关联词的词义的用法见下表:类别词义在从句中的作用连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用,不做成分连词whether,if意为“是否”起连接作用,不做成分连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,连接从句,并在从句whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever有各自含义中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语连接副词how,when,why,where,however,有各自含义连接从句,并在从句whenever,wherever中充当状语如:(1)Thathedidn’tpasstheexaminationdisappointedhismother.(主语从句,that没有意义,在从句中不充当任何成分)注:引导主语从句的that不能省略,如在上句中,如果省去that,子结构混乱,是典型的“汉语式英语”;有了that,就很容易看出that是连词,引导主语从句Thathedidn’tpasstheexamination,整个句子第1页
结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”。(2)Thequestioniswhowillbeelectedpresidentofthecountry.(表语从句,who意为“谁”,在从句中作主语)(3)Youcangiveittowhomeveryoulike.(宾语从句,whomever意为“任何人,无论谁”,在从句中作宾语)(4)Ican’trememberwhereIhavereadthisarticle.(宾语从句,where意为“哪里”,在从句中作状语)注:名词性从句中有一个问题需特别注意:it做形式主语,it做形式主语。it做形式主语常用的句型:Itis+形容词+that…Itis+过去分词+that…Itmatters/doesn’tmatter+that/whether…eg:It(形式主语)is(系动词)necessary(表语)thatyouinformhimofthedateforthemeetingatonce.(真主语)(从句)It(形式主语)wassaid(谓语)thatheusedtobemanagerofabigcompany.(真主语)(从句)It(形式主语)mattersalot(谓语)whetheryoucanraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject.(真主语)(从句)it做形式宾语的句型:主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词(宾语补足语)+从句(真主语)/不定式eg:We(主语)consider(谓语)it(形式主语)agreathonour(宾补)thatwecanhostthe2008OlympicGames.(真宾语)They(主语)found(谓语)it(形式主语)difficult(宾补)(形容词)tocommunicatewiththelocalpeople.(真主语)【名词性从句练习】(一)用that,whether/if,what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever),when,why,how,where填空。Everyoneknew1_______Andywasafamouswriter,butnooneknew2_______shecamefromand3_______shewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.4_______theydidknowwas5_______shewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelped6_______wasinneedofmoney.Andywasgenerousandhelpful,butsomepeoplethoughtshewaschasingfame.Andysaidshedidn’tunderstand7_______theyweresonarrow-minded,butitdidn’tmatter8_______otherswouldthoughtofher.Shejustwantedtodo9________shethoughtwasright.Ithinkthatis10_______themeaningoflifelies.(二)将下列句子译成英语,然后分析每个句子的结构。1.这就是我们不同意你的方案的原因。第2页
2.他能考入北大是我们意料中事。3.妈妈答应我她会好好照顾自己的。4.他们还没决定什么时候出发。5.很明显,他在撒谎。6.据报道,我们队夺得了金牌。7.真奇怪,他竟然这么粗鲁。8.我们规定每天练习一个小时的英语口语。二、定语从句修饰名词或代词、用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的特点是:从句前面有个各词或代词(先行词),从句必须由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词有who,whom,which,that,as,它们在从句中做主语或宾语:whose在从句中做定语,whose后必须有一个名词。如whoseparents,whosetop等。关系副词有:when,where,why,在从名中只能做状语。注:运用定语从句必须注意两点:由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现:定语从句与简单句一样,也要求句子结构既正确又完整。如:将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句,并分析定语从句成分。1.TheforeignerisfromCanada.Hevisitedourclass.Theforeignerwho(主语)visited(谓语)ourclass(宾语)yesterdayisfromCanada.2.Mrs.Wangistheteacher.HersonwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.MissWangistheteacherwhose(定语)son(主语)wasadmitted(谓语)(whose后有son,who代her)toBeijingUniversity.3.Ourteachertoldussuchastory.Itmovedusalltotears.Ourteachertoldussuchastoryas(主语)moved(谓语)usall(宾语)(as代it做主语,it不重复出现)totears.4.Iwillneverforgetthedays.Weworkedinthatsmalltowninthosedays.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwe(主语)worked(谓语)inthatsmalltown.【定语从句练习】(一)将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句,并分析定语从句的成分。1.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Icookedthenoodles.______________________________________________________________第3页
2.Thefactoryisinthewestofthecity.Hisfatherworksinthatfactory.______________________________________________________________3.Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidn’tneedmuchwater.______________________________________________________________4.Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer.______________________________________________________________(二)把下列句子译成英语。1.他去年写的那本书深受读者欢迎。2.那个在会上做报告的人是我们的校长。3.她就是那个语音很好的女孩。4.我妈妈教书的那所学校建于1930年。三、状语从句状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词,由从属连词引导,可位于句首,也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时,往往有逗号使从句与主句隔开。引导状语从句的连词分类:状语从句连词when,whenever,as,while,before,after,till,assoonas,hardly…when,no时间sooner…than,scarcely…when,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,theminute,thesecond,theday,immediately地点where,wherever,everywhere条件if,unless,providing/providedthat,supposing/supposethat,aslongas,solongas,onconditionthat,incase,onlyif,ifonly原因Because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,infact,inviewofthefact(鉴于)让步though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,while,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatterwh-,forallthat,granted,whether…or…,inspiteofthefactthat比较as,than,thesameas,notso…as,as…as方式asif,asthough目的that,inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfearthat,lest结果sothat,so…that,such…that,butthat…第4页
在写好简单句的基础上,要写好含状语从句的复合句,掌握引导每种状语从句的连词是关键,因为状语从句内的结构与简单句相同,我们需要什么状语从句,只需在句前加上相应的连词既可。当然我们还需要分清复合句中哪是主句,哪是从句。如:(1)当你再读这首诗后(从句),你将更明白它的含义(主句)。Whenyoureadthepoemasecondtime,youwillunderstanditbetter.从句中,除了多了连词When外,youreadthepoemasecondtime与简单句结构相同。(2)客人每到一处,都受到热闹欢迎。Whenevertheywent,theguestswerewarmlywelcomed.Theguestswerewarmlywelcomedwhenevertheywent.【状语从句练习】把下列每两个句子连接成含状语从句的复合句。1.Youwillbelate.Youleaveimmediately.______________________________________________________________2.Iwaswalkinginthestreet.Isawanoldfriendofmine.______________________________________________________________3.Imayfailathousandtimes.Iwon’tgiveup.______________________________________________________________4.Heisconsideredtobeagoodwriter.Hisworksarenotwidelyread.______________________________________________________________5.Westudyveryhard.Wecanworkwellinthefuture.______________________________________________________________6.Youcangotoworkintheplace.Yourfatherworkedtherewhenhewasyoung.________________________________________________________要写好复合句最后需要注意的问题:千万不要交汉语一一对译成英语,一定要注意所写复合句符合英语句子结构的特点及复合句中句子成分的完整。如“到车站时,他发现火车已经走了”,如果一一对译,则容易误译为:Whenarrivedatthestation,hefoundthetrainhadalreadyleft.其实前面已经讲过,从句与简单句一样,需讲究句子结构的完整性,只不过从句前有很明显,缺少主语,需在when后加上he.【综合练习】(一)请补全下列复合句被遗漏的成分。1.Hesaidatthemeetingastonishedusall.2.Tomwonthefirstprizemadehisparentsveryhappy.3.ItwasinBeijingImethimforthefirsttime.4.Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleft.5.Anyoneislateforclassshouldsaysorrytotheteacher.6.Youcanhavenoideahesaid.第5页
7.Pleasetellmewhendiscusstheimportantproblem.8.Keepitinmindyouhavetobehomebyteno’clock.9.I’llneverforgetthetimeweworkedonthefarm.10.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwherehadbeenatemple.(二)将下列句子翻译成英语。1.她在丢失计算器的地方找到了它。2.无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。3.我是昨天下午才知道这个消息的。4.李兵赢了比赛让我们大吃一惊。5.听到这个消息的时候,他们禁不住大声欢呼起来。第6页