2011高考英语语法复习系列之名词性从句 10页

2011高考语法复习系列之名词性从句PartA翻译句子1.Whathedoesisimportant.2.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.3.Whethershewillcomeornotdoesn’tmatter.4.Thatshewillwinthematchiscertain.5.Itiscertainthatshewillwinthematch.6.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.7.Itdependsonwhetheryouwanttogoornot.8.MrReadsaid（that）hetaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolinBeijingandthathecamefromAustralia．9.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.10.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.11.Hesuggestedthatshehaveanoperationatonce.12.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.13.Thereasonwhyhehasmadesuchgreatprogressisthathehasneverwastedhistime.14.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.15.Theproblemiswhereweshouldstay.16.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.17.Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun.18.ThebignewsthatLiuXiangwillvisitXuzhoucitynextweekmakesusexcited.PartB小结：1.在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、和同位语从句。2.主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。2.宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。在宾语从句中suggest,order,demand,request,insist,require,advise,recommend后需用（should）+动词原形do。3.表语从句是在复合句中充当表语的从句，放在系动词后，一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句。另外，常用thereasonwhy…isthat和itisbecause/why…等结构4.同位语从句在句中作名词的同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，对名词进一步解释，说明这些名词的具体内容,一般由that引导.可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,news,promise,idea,truth,hope,question,belief,suggestion,thought,order,problem,word,etc.PartC练就自我单句填空1._________theprizewillbegiventoisnotdecidedyet.2.__________roomitisisnotclear.3.__________oneyoulikehasnothingtodowithme.4.__________wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan__________wehave.5.Thereason_________hewaslateforschoolis________hemissedtheearlybus. 6.Earlyinthedaycamethenews________GermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.7.Informationhasbeenputforward__________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.8.Iwonder________youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.9.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger______itwas20yearsago,10.Italldependson_______theywillsupportus.11.Weallknowthetruth_________theearthmovesaroundthesun.12.___________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.13.Acomputercanonlydo___________youhaveinstructedittodo.14.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____________heorshewants.15._______shecouldn"tunderstandwas________fewerandfewerstudentsshowedtheirinterestinherlessons.16.Goandgetyourcoat.It"s_________youleftit.17.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_________sillymistakesIhadmade.18.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin________wasawastelandtenyearsago.19.Weallhope______the2008OlympicGameswillbethebestever,and_____theathletesandvisitorswillenjoyChinaandBeijing.20.Thatis_________Iwasbornandgrewup?21.Thisis_______hewasoftenlateforschool.22.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.23.Thisis__________wewanttoknow.24.Difficulttimesshowus_________ourtruefriendsare.25.IforgotmyresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayand________myteacherhadsaidthathewouldnotacceptlatepapers.篇章练习：AOnthewaytoschool,Peterfoundawalletontheground.Hewondered_________walletitwasandhowhecouldfindtheowner.Helookedaroundbutcouldseenobody.Hedidn’tknow________heshouldsendthewallet.Atthattime,helookedasifhewereahelplesschild.Finally,hedecidedtogivethewallettotheheadmaster.Hewasnotsure________hecouldcatchthefirstclassintime,soheranasfastashecouldtohisclassroom.Unluckilyhewaslate.Histeachersaidangrily,“Youwerelateagain.Iwonder_______youwillnotbelateforschool.Can’tyoucomehereearlier?”“Butitis________somethingunexpectedhappened.”Peterwantedtoexplain.“Don’ttrytofindanexcuse.”Justthen,theheadmastercameinwithayoungladyandasked_______Peterwas.Andthentheheadmasterexplainedthewholethingtotheteacher.Hesaidthatwas______thelittleboywaslateforschool.Theteacherfeltsorryfor_________shehadjustsaidandapologizedtothelittleboy.BAseverybodyknows,thelifeinuniversityisofgreatimportancefrom________inhighschool.Youdon’thavetospendallyourenergy______yourstudy.Youwillhavemuchmoresparetimetodo________youareinterestedin.Butyouneedtothinkabouttheproblem__________you’llmakeyourlifeinuniversitylovelyandinteresting.Universityisnotonlyaplace_________youcanlearnsomethingusefulfromtextbooks,butalsoaplacewhereyoucanimproveyourabilitytocommunicatewith others.Don’tbeshyornervous._________youhavetodois_________youshouldspeaklouderwhenyouarestandingbeforeagreatmanypeople.AsfarasIcansee,self-controlisoneofthemostimportantcharactersyououghttohave.Maybesomestudentsbelieve________theycanplayalldaylongwithoutanythingtodo.Ifyoureallythink________thelifeinuniversityisfulloffreedomandyoucando_________youwanttodo,youwillmakeagreatmistake.Infact,youhavetotryyourbesttolearnandtopassexamsinordertomakeyourlifebecomebetterandbetterwithtimegoingon.Makesure________youwillnotkillthetimelisteningtothepopularmusicorseeingthelatestfilms.Timewon’twaitforaman.【模拟试题】一.单项选择：1.      RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,___wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice                    B.thepriceofwhich    C.itsprice                   D.thepriceofwhose2.York,__lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisited            B.whichIvisited         C.whereIvisited         D.inwhichIvisited3.Luckily,webroughtaroadmapwithout___wewouldhavelostourway.A.it              B.that           C.this           D.which4.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.who          B.that           C.what         D.which5.Ihavemanyfriends,____somearebusinessmen.A.ofthem            B.fromwhich                    C.ofwho                    D.ofwhom6.—Areyoustillbusy?—Yes,I__mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinish              B.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinished        D.amjustgoingtofinish7.They____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe___itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworking        B.hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworked                  D.haveworked;arestillworking8.Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe___. A.hasdone          B.haddone                 C.wasdoing               D.isdoing9.I’mgoingtoapopconcertwithTom.He’ll_____meateight,soImustbereadythen.A.callfor             B.callin               C.callon              D.callat10.____unforgettableexperienceitistotravelonacamelinthedesert.A.What               B.Whatan           C.How                D.Howan w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m二.完形填空：ThesurveyaboutchildhoodintheThirdWorldshowsthatthestruggleforsurvivalislongandhard.Butintherichworld,childrencan  1   fromadifferentkindofpovertymofthespirit. 2  ,oneWesterncountryalonenowsees14,000attemptedsuicides（自杀）everyyearbychildrenunder15,andonechild　 3 　fiveneedspsychiatric（心理）advice.Therearemanygoodthingsabout  4  intheThirdWorld.Takethecloseandconstantrelationbetweenchildrenandtheirparents,relativesandneighboursforexample.IntheWest,theverynatureofworkputsdistancebetween  5  andchildren.ButinmostThirdWorldvillagesmotherandfatherdonotgomilesawayeachdaytoworkinoffices.  6  ,thechildseesmotherandfather,relationsandneighboursworking  7  andoftensharesinthatwork.Achild  8  inthiswaylearnshisorherrolethroughjoininginthecommunity’s  9  :helpingtodigorbuild,lookafteranimalsorbabiesmratherthan  10  playingwithwaterandsandinkindergarten,keepingpets  11 playingwithdolls.Thesechildrenmaygrowupwithalessoppressivesenseofspaceandtimethanthe  12  children.Theirsenseofdaysandtimehasalottodowiththechangeofseasonsandpositionsofthesunorthemooninthesky.Childrenintherichworld,  13  ,areprovidedwithawatchasoneofthe  14  signsofgrowingup,sothattheycan  15  alongwiththeirparentsaboutbeinglateforschooltimes,mealtimes,bedtimes,thetimesofTVshows...ThirdWorldchildrendonotusually  16  tostayindoors,stilllessinhighriseapartments（公寓）.Insteadofdangerousroads,“keepoffthegrass”signsand“don’t speaktostrangers”,thereisoftenasenseof  17  tostudyandplay.Parentscanseetheirchildrenoutsideratherthanobservethem  18   fromtenfloorsup.  19  ,twelvemillionchildrenunderfivestilldieeveryyearthroughhungeranddisease.ButchildhoodintheThirdWorldisnotall 20 .1.A.come                 B.learn                C.suffer                D.survive2.A.Asusual             B.Forinstance             C.Infact           D.Inotherwords3.A.by                   B.in                   C.to                   D.under4.A.childhood                B.poverty              C.spirit                 D.survival5.A.adults                 B.fathers              C.neighbours             D.relatives6.A.Anyhow               B.However             C.Instead                D.Still7.A.away                 B.alone                C.along                 D.nearby8.A.growingup            B.livingthrough         C.playing                D.working9.A.activity                B.life                 C.study                 D.work10.A.by                   B.from                 C.through                D.with11.A.and                   B.but                  C.or                   D.so12.A.Eastern               B.good                C.poor                 D.Western13.A.atanymoment     B.atthesametime       C.ontheotherhand  D.onthewhole14.A.easiest                B.earliest               C.happiest                      D.quickest15.A.care                        B.fear                 C.hurry                 D.worry16.A.dare                        B.expect               C.have                 D.require17.A.control              B.danger                     C.disappointment    D.freedom18.A.anxiously             B.eagerly               C.impatiently             D.proudly19.A.Aboveall          B.Intheend                C.Ofcourse         D.What’smore20.A.bad                  B.good               C.rich                 D.poor w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m三.阅读理解“Mykidsreallyunderstandsolarandearth-heatenergy,”saysaschool-gradeteacherinSaugus,California.“Someofthemarebuildingsolarcollectorsfortheirenergycourse.”TheseyoungscientistsarepartofCityBuildingEducationalProgram（CBEP）,aparticularprogramforkindergartenthroughtwelfthgradethatusesthestagesofcityplanningtoteachbasicreading,writingandmathskills,andmore. Thechildrendon’tjustplananycity.Theymapandanalyze（分析）thehousing,energy,andtransportationrequirementsoftheirowndistrictandforetellitsneedsinl00years.Withtheaidofanarchitect（建筑师）whovisitstheclassroomonceaweek,theyinventnewwaystomeettheseneedsandbuiltmodelsoftheircreations.“Designingbuildingsofthefuturegiveschildrenalotoffreedom,”says.theteacherwhodevelopedthisprogram.“Theyareabletousetheirownrichimaginationandinventionswithoutfearofblame,becausetherearenowronganswersinafuturecontext.Infact,astheclassentersthefinalmodel-buildingstageoftheprogramanelected‘official’and‘planninggroup’makeallthedesigndecisionsforthemodelcity,andtheteacherstepsbackandbecomesanadviser.”CBEPisasetofactivities,games,andimitationsthatteachthebasicstepsnecessaryforproblem-solving:observing,analyzing,workingoutpossibleanswers,andjudgingthembasedonthechildren’sownstandards.1.TheProgramisdesigned____.A.todirectkidstobuildsolarcollectors       B.totrainyoungscientistsforcityplanningC.todevelopchildren’sproblem-solvingabilitiesD.tohelpyoungarchitectsknowmoreaboutdesigning2.Anarchitectpaysaweeklyvisittotheclassroom_____.A.tofindoutkids’creativeideasB.todiscusswiththeteacherC.togivechildrenlecturesD.tohelpkidswiththeirprogram3.Whoisthedesigneroftheprogram?A.Anofficial.     B.Anarchitect.          C.Ateacher.         D.Ascientist.4.Thechildrenfeelfreeintheprogrambecause?A.theycandesignfuturebuildingsthemselvesB.theyhavenewideasandrichimaginationC.theyaregivenenoughtimetodesignmodelsD.theyneednotworryaboutmakingmistakes 四.短文改错：Friendshipisimportant.Everyoneneedfriendship.Inall       1.__________ ourliveswecan’tlivewithoutfriendshipjustlikewecan’t           2.__________livewithoutairandwater.Friendshipmakesusgeton               3.__________wellwithoneanothertogoaheadunderallkindsofdifficulty        4.__________inthefrontofus.Butrealfriendshipisnot                             5.__________easycomeby.Truefriendshipmustbesincereand                   6.__________bebasedonunderstandeachotherbutnotonbenefits                    7.__________ofeachother.Agoodfriendcanalwaysbeagoodteacher                8.__________tous.Byhisadvicewepersuadedtogotheright                        9.___________way.Thereforemorefriendswehave,thebetterwe                    10.__________canimproveourselves.                   一.单项选择：1.B　解析：___wasveryreasonable定语从句表示：ThepriceoftheChineseancientvasewasveryreasonable.2.B 解析：先行词York在非限定性定语从句中做宾语。3.D　解析：定语从句without___wewouldhavelostourway修饰aroadmap，在介词后面用which引导。4.D　解析：抛开插入语ofcourse后面是非限定性定语从句修饰前面说的事情。 5.D　解析：先行词manyfriends在从句里做主语，表示：someofthemarebusinessmen.介词后面由whom引导非限定性定语从句。6.B 解析：根据itwon’ttakelong可知，工作还没做完，故排除C项现在完成时。B项使用现在进行时表将要。7.A 解析：此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。从意思上可以看出他们一直工作了一周。强调动作的连续，同时now也提示出后面应用现在进行时。8.C 解析：整个句子是基于过去时态，A和D两项为现在时态显然不对，再由句意“Susan决定不在家里……，因为她不想让父母知道她正在做什么”可知还没有做完，故C项正确，进行体有末完性、暂时性的特点。 9.A　解析：callforsb.接某人。10.B　解析：多么难忘的经历，experience表示“经历”，是可数名词。 二.完型填空：[语篇解读] 本文着重阐述了发达国家和发展中国家孩子生存状况的优劣，从而指出发展中国家的孩子的生存状况相对于发达国家来说并不是一无是处。1.C 解析：由前面strugglefor可知。前面写第三世界国家的孩子遭受物质贫穷，而发达国家的孩子遭受的是精神贫乏。2.B 解析：根据上文写发达国家的孩子精神状况较差，后面是一个具体的事实，所以应该用forinstance（例如）。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m3.B 解析：分数表示法onechildinfive（五分之一）相当于onechildoutoffive。   4.A 解析：后文用三个自然段具体描述发达国家和发展中国家的孩子的生活条件的不同，尤其是文章最后一句话总结了全文，所以暗示此空应该选childhood。5.A 解析：由后文中第三世界国家的孩子与父母、亲戚和邻居的关系近，可知此处应选A最全面。6.C 解析：与发达国家的孩子形成“对比”关系。7.D 解析：与上文发达国家的孩子离家人远，形成对比，从而得出发展中国家的孩子离家人近。   8.A 解析：用分词作定语，growup成长；livethrough度过，经受住；而work和play与上下文明显不符。9.D 解析：此处想表明“通过参与一些公共事物（如……）孩子可以获得角色认证。”下文列举的为可参与的工作并且上段中提及“sharesinthatwork”得知D项最佳。10.C 解析：由上一行的through可知。Throughdoingsth.ratherthanthroughdoingsth.11.C 解析：文中p1ayingkeeping和Playing三个动名词是选择关系，作through的宾语。12.D 解析：these指上文中的发展中国家的孩子，后文仍应该与“西方”发达国家的孩子相比较。   13.C 解析：本题最大的干扰项为B。由于B项含有两层意义：（1）同时；一起。（2）然而；不过。容易造成误解。而ontheotherhand只含转折的意义，同时包含上下文的对比，故选C。14.B 解析：与上文发展中国家的时间观念是通过观察的相对应，所以下面写西方国家的孩子长大的“最早”标志就是（父母给他们）提供了手表，这样一来，孩子和大人们就可以一块关注下面的一系列事件的时间。15.D 解析：此句中schooltimes／metimes／bedtimes／thetimesofTVshows…均为并列关系，作前面介词for的宾语。由于是beinglatefor…所以只能是担心，而careabout是“关心，在乎，介意”之意。16.C 解析：nothaveto相当于needn’t，再根据stillless可知，不是“不敢”，“不希望”，或“不要求”，而应是“不必要”。   17.D 解析：由文中可知，中间三段主要讲述发展中国家孩子的优点，而选项中只有freedom是褒义的。18.A 解析：由于全文都是写发展中国家和发达国家孩子的生存状况，所以，发展中国家的孩子的父母可以在外面看着孩子而不像发达国家的父母在十几层的高楼上焦急地看着孩子在楼下玩。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m19.C 解析：前面都写的是发展中国家孩子的好处，而下面写的是每年都有一千二百万5岁以下的发展中国家的孩子死于饥饿和疾病，所以上下文之间应该是一种转折关系。 aboveall首先；intheend最后；What’smore更糟的是。20.A 解析：这是一句总结全文的句子，虽然发展中国家的孩子有那么多的不利情况，但是也有某些优势，所以说第三世界的孩子生活“并不都”是坏的。三.阅读理解：[语篇解读] 本文以教学的口吻讲述了学生们参加的一个实践活动。通过一系列活动，提高了学生分析问题，解决问题的能力，同时让学生学到了最基本的读，写知识以及数学知识。1.C 解析：细节题，文章的最后一段提到teachthebasicstepsnecessaryforproblem-solving，由此可知这项活动的目的是为了发展学生解决问题的能力。2.D 解析：细节题，文章第二段第三句提到withtheaidofanarchitectwhovisitstheclassroom，onceaweek，“在一个每周来访一次的建筑师的帮助下”，由此可知建筑帅来访的目的是帮助学生们，故选D3.C 解析：细节题，从第二段第四句…saystheteacherwhodevelopedthisprogram可知选C4.D 解析：细节题，文章第二段倒数第二句中提到becausetherearenowronganswersinafuturecontext，“对于未来而言不会有事情是错误的，所以学生们可以自由驰骋想象，故选D。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m四.短文改错：1.need→needs         2.like→as     3.and→or            4.under→through5.去掉the      6.easy后面加to              7.understand→understanding8.√                   9.we后面加are                 10.the